大花红景天正丁醇提取物的化学成分研究

从云南产大花红景天（Rhodiola crenulata（Hook．f.et．Thoms）．S．H．Fu）植物的正丁醇提取物中分离得到五个化合物,经光谱和波谱解析,分别为大花红天素、酪醇、红景天苷、德钦红景天苷和草质素7-O-（3″-O-β-D-葡萄糖基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷,其中德钦红景天苷为首次在大花红景天中发现的黄酮类化合物。     

紫毛香茶菜中的黄酮类化合物

从紫毛香茶菜（Isodon enanderianus)的茎叶提取物中分离到7个黄酮类化合物,经波谱分析鉴定,其中一个为新的黄酮甙,即5-羟基-6,7,4-三甲氧基黄酮-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（1）;其它6个已知的黄酮类化合物分别为芫花素（genkwanin,2)、滨蓟素（cirsimar-tin,3)、胡麻素（pedalitin,4)、鼬瓣花亭（ladanetin,5)、isothymusin-8-O-β-D-glucoside（6）和槲皮甙（quercitrin,7)。     

黄芩有效成分提取及对炎症反应的影响

利用常温超高压方法提取黄芩中黄酮类物质,得到黄芩甲醇提取物（SBM）。对该物质抗炎作用研究发现SBM（31．25-500mg／L）可抑制刀豆蛋白A（ConA）诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和脂多糖（LPS）诱导的腹腔巨噬细胞TNFα合成,SBM（125mg／L）的抑制率分别可达96％、99％;SBM（10mg／kg、20mg／kg）也可抑制大鼠棉球性肉芽肿,但不影响IKBα蛋白磷酸化。常温超高压方法可有效提取黄芩中黄酮类物质,黄芩提取物SBM可通过抑制淋巴细胞功能、炎症介质发挥抗炎作用。     

荔枝果皮抗氧化作用研究

成熟和未成熟荔枝(生理落果)皮提取物均有很强的抗氧化活性,抗氧化性随添加量的增加而增强,0．04％提取物的抗氧化效果优于0．02％BHT;磷酸具有抗氧化增效作用;初步推断抗氧化成分中有酚酸、黄酮类物质。     

苔藓Bazzania japonica挥发油的化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取苔藓Bazzania japonica的挥发油,用毛细管色谱法对挥发油进行了分析,采用归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,并用GC-MS联用技术对分离的化学成分进行鉴定。经计算机检索并结合文献调研,共鉴定出38个化合物,占挥发油总量的83％,其中含2个单萜、31个倍半萜（其中11个为含氧倍半萜）和4个二萜（其中1个为含氧二萜）,主要成分为4-epi-11-nor—aristola-1（10）,11-diene（10．5％）,4-epi-11-nor-aristo-la-1,9,11-triene（6．5％）,β-caryophyllene（8．0％）,β—barbatene（7．2％）,globulol（8．8％）,aristol-1（10）-en-12-ol（9．1％）,和tridensenone（8．7％）.     

普通鸡冠花序中黄酮类化合物的研究

红色普通鸡冠（Ｃｅｌｏｓｉａ ａｒｇｅｎｔｅａ Ｌ．,ｒｅｄ ｆｌｏｗｅｒ）花序乙醇提取物用Ｍｇ＋ＨＣｌ,Ｚｎ＋ＨＣｌ,１％ＦｅＣｌ３－乙醇液,２％ＡｌＣｌ３－乙醇液,１％ＮａＯＨ进行显色反应,呈现黄酮类化合物性质特征颜色。又以槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素为对照品,采用ＨＰＬＣ法测定分析了不同花期花序中黄酮醇的含量。结果表明,晚期花序干品中总黄酮含量（以甙元计）为０．７６１％。     

亮叶扬桐黄酮提取物抗瘤活性及其对小鼠p53基因表达活性的影响

本文从亮叶扬酮中分离提取出类生物活性物质,并进行小鼠体内抗肿瘤试验和小鼠Ｓ－１８０肿瘤细胞中ｐ５３基因表达抑制实验。研究结果表明,亮叶所桐中总黄酮含量达２８．４％,黄酮提取物在剂量５００ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１时对小鼠肉瘤Ｓ－１８０的抑瘤率为６４．０％,对艾氏腹水癌（ＥＡＣ）Ⅰ小鼠的生命延长率为５１．２５％,有显著的抗肿瘤作用,并且药效与用药量有关。同时发现,黄酮类提取物的抗肿瘤活性优于化疗药物呋喃氟尿嘧     

豺皮樟叶挥发油化学成分的研究

利用GC－MS联用技术从豺皮樟（Litsea rotundifolia var.oblongifolia)叶挥发油中分离和鉴定了27个化合物,占挥发油总量的88．75％,其中主要成分是十二烷酸（43．68％）,肉豆蔻酸（14．61％）,十一烷酸（4．70％）,棕榈酸（4．15％）。     

海南省及云南西双版纳州HIV-1的分子流行病学比较研究

目的调查比较HIV-1在海南省及云南西双版纳州的流行情况及分子流行病学分析高危因素传播的情况以及传播链的鉴定。方法我们与海南省CDC及西双版纳州CDC合作在其境内开展了HIV血清学调查,筛查了海南省（1991～2006）及西双版纳州（1996～2005）高危人群志愿者血清样本。在本次两地调查中,我们通过系统进化分析方法,对已诊断的HIV感染者进行分子流行病学的追踪,来分析其中的主要流行亚群以及结合个案追踪进行传播链的鉴定。结果我们共筛查了海南省499725人,共检出HIV阳性感染者523例（0.1%）,以注射器吸毒感染为主要传播途径（经共用注射器吸毒感染占69．2％、经性接触传播占19．3％、供血和使用血液／血液制品感染占3．3％、母婴传播占0．8％、不详占7．7％）。然而,在西双版纳州筛查中发现了较海南省高20倍的检出率：在25390受检人中,共检出HIV阳性感染者501例（2％）并以异性性传播为主（经异性性接触传播占77．3％、经共用注射器吸毒感染占21．1％、经同性性接触传播占0．4％、母婴传播占1．2％）。在海南省抽样的83人中,以CRF01_-AE重组亚型（70人,84．3％）为主要病毒亚型,其他病毒亚型包括B’亚型（8人）、C亚型（2人）、CRF08_BC重组亚型（1人）、B亚型（1人）和1个未报道过的CRF01～AE／B’重组亚型。同样,在版纳抽样的44人中,也以CRF01_AE重组亚型（27人,61．3％）为主要病毒亚型,其他病毒亚型包括CRF08_BC重组亚型（15人）、G亚型（1人）、和1个未报道过的B／C重组亚型。在海南省抽样中有66人（79．5％）分布于4个大小不同的传播群,传播群1（59人）较大（奠基效应）,属于CRF01_AE重组亚型,传播群2、3、4则较小,分别为3、2、2人,分别属于CRF01_AE重组亚型、C亚型和B’亚型。相反,在版纳抽样中有18人（40．9％）分布于8个较小的传播群（每群平均含2．25感染个体）。在海南省抽样中怀疑的6对异性性接触的传播链中,经系统进化分析方法确认了其中的4对,2对被拒绝。在版纳抽样中怀疑的8对异性性接触的传播链中,经系统进化分析方法确认了其中的5对,2对被拒绝,1对无法分析,此外还新发现了3对异性性接触传播群。结论HIV-1感染者的分子流行病学的追踪和分析对于追溯艾滋病流行的源头和地区性预防策略的制定有着重大的意义。     

高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物中黄酮甙含量

用高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物经酸水解后黄酮甙元含量．采用Ｃ１８柱,甲醇：水：磷酸（５５：４４．５：０．５）为流动相,检测波长３７０ｎｍ,方法回收率９５．１％～１０３．２％,变异系数（ＣＶ）３．１７％,１０批样品含测平均为２５．４％．     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents

Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.