贵州草海氮磷分布特征及沉积物释放通量估算

通过对草海丰水期和枯水期水体、表层沉积物及周边河流水体系统的样品采集与测试分析,阐明丰水期和枯水期氮磷在草海水体的空间分布特征,分析表层沉积物中氮磷的释放通量的空间分布特征,识别沉积物的"源"和"汇"特征。结果表明,两个水文期大部分入湖河流的总氮和总磷浓度高于出湖河流,湖水氮磷浓度受外源输入影响较明显;丰、枯两期挺水植物区水中氮磷浓度高于沉水植物区,且沿主要水流方向逐渐降低;丰水期水-沉积物界面水中氮磷浓度高于表层水体,枯水期该特征不明显。枯水期沉积物中总氮的释放通量范围为5.244~362.506 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1),呈现出"源"的特征;沉积物中总磷释放通量范围为-3.081~3.009 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1),在挺水植物区表现为"汇",在沉水植物区表现为"源",内源释放也不可忽视。     

云南抚仙湖沉水植物分布及群落结构特征

2005年6～7月对抚仙湖沉水植物进行了调查。共采集到沉水植物12种。沉水植物在抚仙湖沿岸浅水区均有不同程度的分布,主要分布在北岸、南岸、河口以及湖湾。分布区内平均水深4．27m,平均透明度2．96m。优势种为黑藻、穗状狐尾藻、篦齿眼子菜、金鱼藻和苦草,其优势度分别为59．08％、54．47％、54．26％、48．71％和48．30％,占群落总优势度的65．19％。根据优势种及组成特征,可将沉水植物群落分为11个类型。全湖沉水植物分布区面积318．8hm^2,资源量19502．79t,平均生物量6118g/m^2。2005年与1980年前后和2003年的调查结果相比,抚仙湖沉水植物、生物量和分布范围显著增加。     

抚仙湖底栖软体动物的种类组成与空间分布

2005年6-7月在抚仙湖采集到底栖软体动物7科8属9种,其出现率为70%,分布的最大水深为118 m,平均水深为31 m,分布区内的平均密度为614 ind·m-2,平均生物量为80.64 g·m-2.软体动物主要分布在湖湾,在密度方面,长角涵螺和环棱螺占优势,在生物量方面,河蚬和环棱螺占优势.现存量分布北区大于南区,沿岸区大于湖心区,水草区大于无草区.软体动物密度分布主要受湖底理化性质影响,与表层水体营养水平相关关系不显著.     

洱海入湖河流弥苴河下游氮磷季节性变化特征及主要影响因素

入湖河流携带污染物对洱海水环境的影响日益明显,对洱海入湖水量最大的河流——弥苴河下游水体氮磷进行了连续采样分析,以期为河口湿地建设和水质改善提供基础数据.结果表明:1)弥苴河水质介于地表水Ⅲ-Ⅴ类之间,主要污染物为氮和磷,其中总氮平均浓度为1.17 mg/L,最高浓度达到2.00 mg/L;总磷平均浓度为0.06 mg/L;2)弥苴河下游总氮、总磷浓度丰水期高于枯水期,并呈现出季节性变化规律;3)弥苴河下游水体总氮、总磷年均浓度远高于洱海水体总氮、总磷年均浓度,其中总氮高出2.10倍,总磷高出2.90倍;4)弥苴河下游河段非点源污染占据主导地位.     

水生植物腐烂分解对水质的影响

对6种水生植物进行64 d的腐烂分解试验,对比不同水生植物腐烂分解过程中水体营养盐浓度的变化.结果表明： 6种水生植物的腐烂分解速率差别较大,浮叶植物分解速度最快,沉水植物次之,挺水植物最慢.不同水生植物腐解过程对水质影响不同,并与植物生物量密度相关.挺水植物芦苇腐解过程中的水体化学需氧量、总氮和总磷浓度最低;在茭草分解后期,水体化学需氧量和总氮浓度上升,水质变差.浮叶植物荇菜和莲腐解过程中,水体化学需氧量和总氮浓度高于其他植物.沉水植物菹草和狐尾藻腐解过程中,水体铵态氮、硝态氮和总磷浓度最高.对于同一种植物,不同生物量密度处理下,主要水质指标变化趋势相似.适量的植物残体的存在可以有效促进水体氮、磷等营养元素的循环,一定程度上去除硝态氮,降低水体氮负荷.     

抚仙湖超微型浮游藻类群落结构空间分布特征

2016年7月对抚仙湖进行采样调查,研究抚仙湖超微型浮游藻类（超微藻）的空间分布特征及关键影响因子。结果表明,抚仙湖超微藻平均丰度为（8.58±3.25）×10³个/mL,其中超微蓝藻丰度显著高于超微真核藻。超微藻丰度在沿岸带较高,敞水区相对较低,北部最深点低于南部最深点;垂直方向上,超微藻丰度在水下10 m处达到最大值,随着深度的增加丰度逐渐下降。通过方差膨胀因子分析和建模得到超微藻丰度和环境因子的相关关系,水体的浊度、pH以及总磷对超微真核藻丰度有显著影响,而超微蓝藻的丰度主要是受到总磷的影响。结合流式细胞分选和高通量测序得到了抚仙湖超微真核藻的群落结构特征,主要是金藻纲、硅藻纲、甲藻纲等,其中金藻纲占绝对优势。在空间上,不同湖区和不同深度超微真核藻的群落组成也存在差异：表层水体以金藻纲、硅藻纲、甲藻纲为主;而在深层水体中超微真核藻的多样性降低,金藻纲为优势种。超微藻作为贫营养湖泊初级生产力的主要贡献者,对其组成和分布的研究有助于更全面的认识抚仙湖生态系统结构和功能。     

公园水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系

于2006年10月—2007年9月,对上海市10个公园景观水体水质环境因子及浮游植物群落结构进行逐月监测,应用主成分分析(PCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了浮游植物数量与水质环境因子之间的关系,评价了城市水环境状况,以期为公园水体的水质管理提供科学依据。结果表明:共鉴定公园水体浮游植物8门167种,浮游植物丰度范围为2.16×106～7.87×106cells·L-1,主要以蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻为主,优势种由皮状席藻(Phormidium corium)、窝形席藻(Ph.fovedarum)、微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、尖针杆藻(Synedraacus)、银灰平裂藻(M.glauca)、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)等组成;公园景观水体水温变幅为7.9～29℃,水深0.79～1.05m,透明度0.5～0.70m,总氮0.896～3.9mg·L-1,铵氮0.224～1.979mg·L-1,硝酸盐0.126～0.346mg·L-1,亚硝酸盐0.015～0.140mg·L-1,总磷0.063～0.372mg·L-1,活性磷0.007～0.194mg·L-1,化学需氧量为5.418～10.685mg·L-1。PCA分析表明,水温、透明度、氮磷营养因子以及化学需氧量是影响浮游植物密度变化的主要因素。CCA分析表明,总氮、总磷、透明度和水温是影响浮游植物群落结构季节变化的主要驱动因子。     

3种沉水植物去除水体中氮磷能力研究

研究了3种沉水植物对不同质量浓度富营养化水体的净化能力,结果表明,轮叶黑藻、金鱼藻和狐尾藻对水体中的氮、磷都有很好的净化效果,对总氮去除能力从大到小依次为轮叶黑藻>金鱼藻>狐尾藻,对总磷去除能力从大到小依次为轮叶黑藻>狐尾藻>金鱼藻。实验表明,沉水植物是富营养化水体水生态系统重建的关键,在水体生态修复中,轮叶黑藻是一种很好的水体净化沉水植物。     

洱海流域44种湿地植物的氮磷含量特征

研究湿地植物中的氮和磷含量既能帮助了解其所处生境的营养状况,又能为湿地生态恢复提供指导。测定了洱海流域44种湿地植物干生物量中的氮、磷含量。结果表明洱海湿地植物中总氮和总磷平均含量为15.7 mg/g和3.3 mg/g,变化范围为6.4-34.3 mg/g和1.4-6.5 mg/g,明显高于其他地区;氮磷比范围为2.2-9.5,显示该地区磷过剩,氮是限制因子;不同功能群植物间的氮和磷含量有显著差异,总氮含量以沉水植物最高而挺水和漂浮/浮叶植物最低,而总磷含量则为湿生植物最高而沉水植物最低;植物的地上部分分别占有整株72%的生物量、82%的氮含量和75%的磷含量,表明收割湿地植物的地上部分可以高效去除湿地生态系统中的氮和磷。     

玉渡山水库生长季温室气体排放特征及其影响因素

为了探讨温带水库温室气体排放规律,采用静态箱-色谱分析法,研究了温带地区库龄10年内的北京玉渡山水库生长季3种温室气体CO2、CH4及N2O排放特征,及其影响因子。结果表明:样地类型、测定月份与样地类型交互作用对3种温室气体通量影响极显著,5月消落带CO2通量(664.31mg·m-2·h-1)达到最大,显著高于入库口和浅水区;8月消落带CH4通量(0.87mg·m-2·h-1)及N2O通量(3.05mg·m-2·h-1)最大;8月,切除消落带样地地上植物后,3种温室气体通量均有所降低。CO2通量与地下5cm地温、氧化还原电位和水体总氮显著正相关,与地上生物量和水体pH显著负相关;CH4通量与地表温度、地上生物量、水体pH呈显著相关,与水体总氮和水体铵态氮显著负相关;N2O通量与水体总氮含量显著相关,与水体pH显著负相关。采取平均估值法初步推测,在生长季,水库消落带、入库口及浅水区CO2排放量依次为15960、2160、-70kg·hm-2;CH4排放量依次20.04、-7.05、14.8kg·hm-2;N2O排放量依次83.42、3.79、-1.54kg·hm-2;表明消落带3种温室气体的排放量均较高,为玉渡山水库3种温室气体排放的重点区域。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.