公园水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系

于2006年10月—2007年9月,对上海市10个公园景观水体水质环境因子及浮游植物群落结构进行逐月监测,应用主成分分析(PCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了浮游植物数量与水质环境因子之间的关系,评价了城市水环境状况,以期为公园水体的水质管理提供科学依据。结果表明:共鉴定公园水体浮游植物8门167种,浮游植物丰度范围为2.16×106～7.87×106cells·L-1,主要以蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻为主,优势种由皮状席藻(Phormidium corium)、窝形席藻(Ph.fovedarum)、微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、尖针杆藻(Synedraacus)、银灰平裂藻(M.glauca)、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)等组成;公园景观水体水温变幅为7.9～29℃,水深0.79～1.05m,透明度0.5～0.70m,总氮0.896～3.9mg·L-1,铵氮0.224～1.979mg·L-1,硝酸盐0.126～0.346mg·L-1,亚硝酸盐0.015～0.140mg·L-1,总磷0.063～0.372mg·L-1,活性磷0.007～0.194mg·L-1,化学需氧量为5.418～10.685mg·L-1。PCA分析表明,水温、透明度、氮磷营养因子以及化学需氧量是影响浮游植物密度变化的主要因素。CCA分析表明,总氮、总磷、透明度和水温是影响浮游植物群落结构季节变化的主要驱动因子。

Effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton abundance in park water bodies of Shanghai

From October 2006 to September 2007, a monthly monitoring was conducted on the phytoplankton community structure and water parameters in the landscape water bodies of 10 parks in Shanghai. Principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were applied to analyze the relationships between the phytoplankton community structure and water parameters and to assess the status of city water environment, aimed to provide scientific basis to manage the water quality of park water body. A total of 167 phytoplankton species were identified, belonging to eight phyla. The phytoplankton abundance ranged from 2.16×106 to 7.87×106 cells ·L-1, and the phytoplankton community was dominated by Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Chlorophyta. Phormidium corium, Ph. fovedarum, Merismopedia tenuissima, Synedra acus, M. glauca, and Cryptomonas erosa were the dominant species. The water temperature, water depth, transperancy, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, NO3--N, NO2--N, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, and CODMn varied in the range of 7.9-29 ℃, 0.79-1.05 m, 0.5-0.70 m, 0.896-3.9 mg·L-1, 0.224-1.979 mg·L-1, 0.126-0.346 mg·L-1, 0.015-0.140 mg·L-1, 0.063-0.372 mg·L-1, 0.007-0.194 mg·L-1, and 5.418-10.685 mg·L-1, respectively. PCA analysis showed that water temperature and transparency were the main physical factors, and water nitrogen, phosphorus, and CODMn were the main chemical factors affecting the phytoplankton abundance in the water bodies. CCA analysis indicated that water total nitrogen, total phosphorus, transparency, and water temperature were the main factors driving the seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton abundance and community structure.