中国地方鸡种血液淀粉酶Amy-1多态性

本文用聚丙烯酰胺水平凝胶电泳法测定了我国 10个地方鸡种的血液淀粉酶Amy-1多态性,发现我国地方鸡种Amy-1的AA、BB型纯合子基因型频率很低, AB型基因型频率很高,杂合子显著过量,且普遍存在Amy-1分布不平衡。还发现Amy-1A和Amy-1B两个等位基因频率在所有10个鸡种中几乎均为0.5。 Abstract:Blood amylase-1 polymorphism in 10 Chinese native chicken breeds was determined with polyacrylamide horizontal gel electrophoresis.It was found that both AA and BB genotype frequencies were very low,but AB genotype frequency was very high in Chinese native chicken breeds and that amylase-1 distribution in these breeds was widely deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrum proportion.Both Amy-1A and Amy-1B gene frequencies were nearly 0.5 in all 10 breeds.     

Agrobacterium-Mediated Multiple Gene Transformation in Rice Using a Single Vector

The homodimeric hemoglobin gene (VHb), the trans-zeatin synthetase gene (tzs), the modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene (EPSPS), a selectable marker gene (hpt), and a reporter gene (gus), as linked expression cassettes, were stacked into the T-DNA region of a binary vector and introduced simultaneously into immature embryos of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties Xiushui-11, Qiufeng,Youfeng, and Hanfeng by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A total of 1 153 transgenic lines was obtained through selection for hygromycin B resistance. Approximately 90.2% of the transgenic lines harbored all the transgenes. Integration of multiple transgenes occurred at one to three genetic loci. Expression analysis revealed that the transgenes were coexpressed and inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion in transgenic plants and the frequency of coexpression was approximately 85%. On the basis of the cointegration and coexpression of the transgenes, most transgenic families were considered to be useful in a breeding program.     

绵羊产羔性状主效基因检测研究

以绵羊BMP15基因和BMPR-IB基因为候选基因,以湖羊、中国美利奴单胎品系、中国美利奴肉用和毛用多胎品系为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP方法对候选基因进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点检测和基因型分析,同时研究基因对绵羊产羔数的影响。对BMP15基因进行SNP检测,结果未发现多态性位点;对BMPR-IB基因进行多态性检测,结果发现了一个A746 G SNP位点。依据A746 G SNP位点进行基因型分析,结果在各品种（系）羊中发现了3种基因型,即BB、B+和++。等位基因型频率在各品种（系）间差异极显著（P<0.001）,在湖羊中以BB基因型为主,在中国美利奴单胎品系中以++基因型为主, 而在中国美利奴肉用和毛用多胎品系中以B+基因型为主。BMPR-IB A746G位点的变异明显影响绵羊的产羔数,与++基因型母羊相比, BB和B+基因型母羊产羔数明显较多。研究结果同时表明,利用BMPR-IB基因型可以很好的预测母羊的产羔数。研究获得的这些结果强烈表明BMPR-IB为影响绵羊的产羔数的主效基因,可以用于对绵羊产羔数的选择。Abstract: The current study was designed to detect SNPs within BMP15 and BMPR-IB gene and investigate the effect of the genes on sheep litter size. Four sheep lines, HU-Yang, Chinese M erino monotocous, Chinese Merino multiparous for wool production and Chinese Merino multiparous for mutton production, were used in this study. Litter sizes were recorded for each ewe in the four lines. Primers for BMP15 and BMPR-IB gene were designed from database sheep sequence and polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP method. The results showed that there was no polymorphism with BMP15 gene among the four lines, and there was an A / G SNP with BMPR-IB gene at base 746 among the four lines. Three types of genotype (BB, B+ and ++), based on A / G locus, were found within each line. The frequencies of genotypes were significantly different among the lines (P<0.001), with BB genotype primarily existing in HU-Yang, ++ genotype in Chinese Merino monotocous line, and B+ genotype in Chinnese Merino multiparous lines. The A / G mutation influence significantly the sheep litter sizes, and the BB and B+ ewes had significant higher litter sizes than ++ ewes. The results of present study showed simultaneously that the genotype of BMPR-IB was a perfect predictor of the sheep litter sizes. These results intensively indicated that BMPR-IB is a major gene to affect litter size in sheep, and could be used as the molecular genetic marker to select litter size in sheep.     

VLDL双向选择肉鸡群SSR指纹分析

对初步进行VLDL双向选择的三个世代高、低脂群肉鸡进行SSR指纹分析,评定各基因座基因频率的变化,进而判断SSR标记与肉鸡肥度性状VLDL的相关关系,为低脂肉鸡的早期选育奠定基础。5个微卫星引物一个未扩增出产物,其余4个引物扩增出14个微卫星位点。各位点在高、低脂系中的基因频率经卡方检验,一世代有一个基因座的基因频率差异显著（P<0.05）;二世代两个基因座差异显著;三世代共检测到4个基因座差异显著。 Abstract:SSR fingerprints were analyzed in three generations of fat line (FL) and lean line (LL) of broiler chickens.Changes in gene frequencies of every locus were evaluated.Thus the relationship between SSR markers and VLDL (a trait representing fat mass of broiler),which is the basis for early selection of LL broiler,was examined.Fourteen microsatellite locus were successfully amplified with 4 of 5 primers used.The results of χ2 test for the gene frequencies of every locus show that one locus was significantly different in generation 1(P<0.05),two in generation 2 and 4 in generation 3.     

中国广东汉族人群核苷酸修复基因hMTH1 遗传多态性研究

为研究中国南方汉族人群核苷酸修复基因hMTH1遗传多态性,应用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性技术检测172名健康人外周血白细胞hMTH1基因启动子及全部5个外显子多态性,并进行DNA测序。结果发现hMTH1基因启动子及外显子1序列保守,未见突变;外显子2第73位碱基存在T→C杂合型突变,基因型TT和TC频率分别为93.02%、6.98%,等位基因T和C频率分别为96.51%、3.49％;外显子3第45位遗传密码存在T→C杂合型突变,基因型TT和TC频率分别为95.35%、4.65%,等位基因T和C频率分别为97.67%、2.33%,该多态性为首次发现;外显子4第83位遗传密码存在G→A杂合型突变,基因型GG和GA频率分别为89.53%、10.47%,等位基因G和A频率分别为94.77%、5.23％;外显子5第119位氨基酸遗传密码存在C→T杂合型突变,基因型CC和CT频率分别为95.93%、4.07%,等位基因C和T频率分别为97.97%、2.03％。Abstract: In order to study the genetic polymorphisms of nucleotide repair gene hMTH1 in southern Chinese Han population, the polymorphisms of the gene’s promoter and its five exons among peripheral blood lymphocytes of 172 Chinese Han people were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. The sequences of the promoter and exon 1 of hMTH1 gene were conserved. A T to C polymorphism was detected at the 73th base in exon2. The genotype frequencies of TT and TC were 93.02% and 6.98%, respectively. The allelic frequencies of T and C were 96.51% and 3.49％, respectively. A T to C polymorphism was detected at codon 45 in exon3, which was first reported. The genotype frequencies of TT and TC were 95.35% and 4.65%, respectively. The allelic frequencies of T and C were 97.67% and 2.33%, respectively. A G to A polymorphism was detected at codon 83 in exon4. The genotype frequencies of GG and GA were 89.53% and 10.47%, respectively. The allelic frequencies of G and A were 94.77% and 5.23％, respectively. A C to T polymorphism was detected at codon 119 in exon5. The genotype frequencies of CC and CT were 95.93% and 4.07%, respectively. The allelic frequencies of C and T were 97.97% and 2.03％, respectively.     

犬MC1R基因T105A基因座多态性及 与毛色性状相关性的研究The

为了检测犬MC1R基因T105A基因座的多态性,并分析该多态性与犬毛色表型的相关性,抽取111只外科手术学实验用杂种犬血液并提取DNA,记录毛色表型。采用PCR-RFLP技术,对MC1R基因T105A基因座进行基因多态性分析,并对该基因座DNA进行克隆测序;用二元变量相关分析的统计学方法分析基因座多态性与毛色性状之间的相关性。经PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,T105A基因座序列具有多态性,表现为A、B二个等位基因和AA、AB及BB 3种基因型。A、B等位基因频率分别为72.97%和27.03%,基因杂合度（H）为0.39。基因型AA频率为55.86%,BB为9.91%,AB为34.23%。对T105A多态性片段DNA克隆测序后发现,MC1R基因在编码第105位氨基酸的密码子第一个碱基存在由G到A的单碱基突变,该突变导致第105位氨基酸发生由丙氨酸向苏氨酸的改变。统计分析结果表明MC1R基因T105A基因座的多态性与毛色性状不存在显著的相关性,这可能是由于外科手术学实验用犬是杂种犬,其遗传背景不同所致,尚须在纯种犬群体中进一步研究MC1R基因对毛色的影响。 Abstract: In order to detect the polymorphism of T105A in MC1R gene in dogs and to analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes of dog coat color, the blood samples of 111 cross-breed dogs were taken and their genomic DNAs were extracted. The phenotypes of dog coat color were recorded. The T105A locus of MC1R gene in the canine was detected through the technology of PCR-RFLP. Furthermore, the polymorphic fragments at T105A were sequenced. The relationships between the polymorphism of T105A and coat color trait were analyzed by the statistical methods of bivarate correlation analysis. By the method of PCR-RFLP, the T105A polymorphism was found with two alleles A and B and three genotypes AA, AB and BB. The frequencies of two alleles were 72.97% and 27.03%, respectively. The heterozygosity of T105A locus was 0.39. The frequencies of three genotypes were 55.86%, 34.23% and 9.91%, respectively. According to the results of sequencing, one base change from G to A at the position 105 was found at T105A locus and it altered amino acid at the position 105 from alanine to threonine. According to the statistical analysis, no significant association between the polymorphism of MC1R gene and the coat color was found and the result may be due to the differences of genetic background. Further research on MC1R gene should be done in pure breed dogs.     

撒坝猪血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE), 对115头撒坝猪的血清酯酶(ES)多态性进行了检测,计算了该位点的基因型频率、基因频率和位点多态杂合度(h),并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,撒坝猪血清酯酶3种基因型AA、AB和BB的频率分别为0.2696、0.5826和0.1478。两个等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.5609和0.4391。该位点的杂合度为0.4926。在3种基因型中,不同基因型母猪的繁殖性能在产仔数、仔猪初生窝重、20日龄窝重、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重等性状上存在着显著差异(P<0.05);公、母猪不同基因型交配组合在产仔数、断奶仔猪数、仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝重等性状上亦有显著差异(P<0.05)。显示出猪的血清酯酶多态性可望作为繁殖性能选种的遗传标记。 Abstract：　Serum esterase polymorphisms of 115 Saba pigs were investigated by using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotype frequency, gene frequency and heterozygosity of this locus were calculated. The relationship between the serum esterase polymorphism and reproductive performance was analyzed by the least square analysis of two factors (ES genotype of boar and sow) with interaction. The results demonstrated that the genotype frequency of AA, ABandBBwas 0.2696, 0.5826 and 0.1478 respectively, the gene frequency of the alleleAandBwas 0.5609 and 0.4391 respectively. The heterozygosity of this locus was 0.4926. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on litter size, litter weight at birth, litter weight at 20 days, litter size at weaning and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic sows. The significant differences (P<0.05) were showed on litter size, litter size at weaning, weaning weight and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic mating combinations. It indicated that the serum esterase polymorphism was expected to be the genetic marker of pig reproductive performance.     

广州地区106例汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座 单体型研究

利用聚合酶链反应和荧光（6－FAM）自动化检测技术对广东地区汉族106例无亲缘关系样本进行MICA基因外显子5和MICB基因内含子1微卫星基因座多态性及其单体型分布调查。根据群体资料估算两者间的单体型频率、连锁不平衡参数、相对连锁不平衡参数。结果显示,广州地区汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡法则,共检出MICA微卫星基因座 5个等位基因, MICB微卫星基因座14个等位基因。其中MICA A5基因频率最高（0.2877）,A4基因频率最低（0.1321）。MICB CA14等位基因频率最高（0.3255）,CA19、CA28等位基因频率最低（0.0047）,未检出CA27。21种MICA－MICB单体型频率大于1%(连锁不平衡参数>0), 其中单体型A5－CA14 (16.73%), A5.1－CA18 (8.75%), A4－CA26(3.76%),A9－CA15(3.66%)和A6－CA21(2.61%)为强连锁常见单体型（χ2>3.84, P<0.05）。广州地区汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座多态性和单体型分布有其自身特点,MICA和MICB微卫星基因座适合做为遗传标志,用于人类学、遗传疾病基因连锁分析、法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别等研究领域。Abstract: This study is to investigate genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of microsatellite locus in the exon 5 of the MICA gene and intron 1 of the MICB gene based on 106 samples of Guangzhou Han Population by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent technique (6-FAM). The corresponding haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibria values and relative linkage disequilibria values were estimated based on population data. The results show that the genotype distributions of MICA and MICB microsatellite meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangdong Han population. In total, 5 alleles of MICA microsatellite locus and 14 alleles of MICB microsatellite locus were observed. MICA A5 was the most common allele (0.2877), whereas A4 was the least popular one (0.1321). MICB CA14 was the most common allele (0.3255), and CA19 and CA28 were the least popular ones (0.0047). CA27 was not observed. Twenty-one kinds of MICA-MICB haplotypes occurred at frequencies of more than 1% (linkage disequilibria value>0). The common MICA-MICB haplotypes were A5-CA14（16.73％）, A5.1- CA18 (8.75%), A4- CA26(3.76%),A9-CA15(3.66%) and A6-CA21(2.61%)（χ2>3.84, P<0.05）, and they were strong linkage disequilibria. The polymorphisms and haplotypes distributions of MICA and MICB microsatellite locus in Guangzhou Han population have their own genetic characteristics. The microsatellite locus of the exon5 of the MICA gene and intron 1 of the MICB gene could be used as the genetic markers in the studies of anthropology, linkage analysis of genetic disease genes, individual identification and paternity test in forensic medicine.     

撒坝猪血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE), 对115头撒坝猪的血清酯酶(ES)多态性进行了检测,计算了该位点的基因型频率、基因频率和位点多态杂合度(h),并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,撒坝猪血清酯酶3种基因型AA、AB和BB的频率分别为0.2696、0.5826和0.1478。两个等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.5609和0.4391。该位点的杂合度为0.4926。在3种基因型中,不同基因型母猪的繁殖性能在产仔数、仔猪初生窝重、20日龄窝重、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重等性状上存在着显著差异(P<0.05);公、母猪不同基因型交配组合在产仔数、断奶仔猪数、仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝重等性状上亦有显著差异(P<0.05)。显示出猪的血清酯酶多态性可望作为繁殖性能选种的遗传标记。 Abstract：　Serum esterase polymorphisms of 115 Saba pigs were investigated by using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotype frequency, gene frequency and heterozygosity of this locus were calculated. The relationship between the serum esterase polymorphism and reproductive performance was analyzed by the least square analysis of two factors (ES genotype of boar and sow) with interaction. The results demonstrated that the genotype frequency of AA, ABandBBwas 0.2696, 0.5826 and 0.1478 respectively, the gene frequency of the alleleAandBwas 0.5609 and 0.4391 respectively. The heterozygosity of this locus was 0.4926. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on litter size, litter weight at birth, litter weight at 20 days, litter size at weaning and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic sows. The significant differences (P<0.05) were showed on litter size, litter size at weaning, weaning weight and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic mating combinations. It indicated that the serum esterase polymorphism was expected to be the genetic marker of pig reproductive performance.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).