甘露糖结合凝集素对小鼠脾脏CD11c~+髓样树突状细胞表型和功能影响的体外研究

目的探讨甘露聚糖结合凝集素(Mannan-binding lectin,MBL)对CD11c+髓样树突状细胞(CD11c+m DC)表型和功能的影响。方法应用磁珠分选技术获得BALB/c小鼠脾脏CD11c+m DC和CD4+T淋巴细胞。在CD11c+m DC中加入不同浓度的MBL(2.5~20μg/m L)刺激,以不加MBL的细胞作为对照,应用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中的IL-12水平,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面分子CD40、CD80、CD86及HLADR的表达。用MTT法测定CD11c+m DC刺激CD4+T淋巴细胞的增殖能力。ELISA法检测细胞培养液中IL-4和IFN-γ水平。结果 MBL显著增强CD11c+m DC表面分子CD40、CD80、CD86及HLA-DR的表达和IL-12的分泌,促进CD4+T淋巴细胞的增殖和抗原递呈能力,诱导CD4+T向TH1反应分化。结论 MBL能够有效刺激CD11c+m DC的活化,诱导CD4+T淋巴细胞向TH1反应分化。     

树突状细胞与马尔尼菲青霉酵母体外相互作用的研究

本文探讨了树突状细胞(DCs)在抗马尔尼菲青霉感染免疫中的作用.用细胞因子rhGM-CSF和rhIL-4诱导人外周血单核细胞分化为树突状细胞,观察DCs的形态,并用流式细胞仪进行DCs的表型测定,ELISA方法检测培养上清液IL-12p70的浓度,混合淋巴细胞反应检测DCs刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖能力.实时荧光定量PCR检测趋化因子受体CCR7、CXCR4的mRNA 的表达.倒置显微镜下可见诱导获得的DCs细胞形态不规则,表面伸展出大量树突.与马尔尼菲青霉酵母共同培养24 h后DCs的胞内含有大量的酵母细胞;细胞表型CD86、CD83、HLA-DR和CD40的表达明显增高;刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的能力增强;趋化因子受体CCR7和CXCR4的mRNA表达量增加且能够产生IL-12p70但产生的量低于LPS刺激组.DCs能吞噬加热灭活的马尔尼菲青霉酵母,并趋于成熟,抗原呈递能力增加,但是产生IL-12p70的量较低,可能造成宿主抗马尔尼菲青霉酵母的细胞免疫功能的不足.     

人咽鳞癌Fadu细胞RNA负载人树突状细胞后体外诱导特异性CTL的研究

目的:探讨咽鳞癌细胞总RNA转染的树突状细胞(DC)疫苗体外诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫的能力.方法:分离人脐血单个核细胞,经重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)、重组人IL-4(rhIL-4)诱导不成熟DC(iDC),提取人咽鳞癌细胞FaDu总RNA后,转染入人iDC,成为FaDu RNA/DC疫苗,用流式细胞仪检测DC表面分子CD40、CDS0、CD83、CD86、HLA-DR的表达,混合淋巴细胞反应测定DCs刺激同种异基因T细胞增殖能力.用LDH法评估转染肿瘤总RNA的DC瘤苗的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应.结果:与转染前比较,人咽鳞癌细胞FaDu总RNA转染后脐血单核细胞来源DCs表面CD40、CD80、CD83、CD86、HLA-DR分子水平明显升高(P均<0.05);可显著促进T细胞增殖,在体外能诱导高效而特异的抗下咽癌免疫效应(P<0.05).结论:人咽鳞癌细胞的总RNA转染的DC肿瘤疫苗能诱导CD8+,CD4+T细胞免疫,是较有临床应用前景的下咽癌免疫治疗方法.     

树突状细胞与马尔尼菲青霉酵母体外相互作用的研究

本文探讨了树突状细胞(DCs)在抗马尔尼菲青霉感染免疫中的作用。用细胞因子 rhGM-CSF 和rhIL-4诱导人外周血单核细胞分化为树突状细胞, 观察DCs的形态, 并用流式细胞仪进行DCs的表型测定, ELISA方法检测培养上清液IL-12p70的浓度, 混合淋巴细胞反应检测DCs刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖能力, 实时荧光定量PCR检测趋化因子受体CCR7、CXCR4的mRNA的表达。倒置显微镜下可见诱导获得的DCs细胞形态不规则, 表面伸展出大量树突。与马尔尼菲青霉酵母共同培养24 h后DCs的胞内含有大量的酵母细胞; 细胞表型CD86、CD83、HLA-DR和CD40的表达明显增高; 刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的能力增强; 趋化因子受体CCR7和CXCR4的mRNA表达量增加且能够产生IL-12p70但产生的量低于LPS刺激组。DCs能吞噬加热灭活的马尔尼菲青霉酵母, 并趋于成熟, 抗原呈递能力增加, 但是产生IL-12p70的量较低, 可能造成宿主抗马尔尼菲青霉酵母的细胞免疫功能的不足。     

人DC体外分化成熟特性及抗P-选择素功能域单抗对其干预调节

结合树突状细胞(DC)生物学特性, 探讨抗P-选择素lectin-EGF功能域单抗(PsL-EGFmAb)对体外培养人DC成熟和功能干预调节的作用. 通过SCF, GM-CSF, TGF-β₁, Flt-3L及TNF-α体外培养体系, 从脐血CD34⁺造血干细胞中诱导扩增获得DC, 并于细胞成熟过程中用PsL-EGFmAb及辅以IL-10作为对照进行干预. 分别观察和检测DC形态学及细胞活力, 细胞表面分子HLA-DR, CD1a, CD11c, CD54, CD83, CD80, CD86, CD209(DC-SIGN)及CD62P, E, L(P-、E-、L-选择素)表达, 细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平, 及IL-12p35, p40 mRNA与NF-κBP50, P65 mRNA表达, 培养上清液中IL-12p70分泌含量, 以及DC体外对T淋巴细胞刺激能力, 以此分析PsL-EGFmAb 对DC成熟与功能的干预状况. 结果显示, 未成熟DC高表达属模式识别受体的C型凝集素DC-SIGN外, 且胞内蓄积适量ROS, 具备了细胞吞噬能力. 成熟DC除仍高表达DC-SIGN, 伴随细胞内NF-κB基因明显表达, 其表面黏附共刺激分子CD11c, CD83, CD80, CD86表达上调, 且细胞因子IL-12合成分泌增加, 并具明显的体外刺激T淋巴细胞增殖能力, 符合于抗原提呈细胞特征. 此外, 未成熟和成熟DC基本不表达P-, E-选择素, 而分别高表达和低表达L-选择素. 进一步发现, PsL-EGFmAb较对照IL-10对DC表面DC-SIGN表达有抑制作用; 也能抑制细胞内NF-κB基因表达, 并相应抑制或下调DC黏附共刺激分子CD11c, CD83, CD80, CD86及HLA-DR表达, 抑制IL-12基因转录及其合成分泌, 以及抑制DC体外刺激T细胞增殖的能力. 上述结果表明, PsL-EGFmAb对DC分化成熟及功能具有抑制作用, 提示此作用与其抑制作为DC模式识别受体及功能分子DC-SIGN有关, 并可能是通过影响NF-κB信号途径起作用.     

小反刍兽疫病毒Nigeria75/1疫苗毒及其N蛋白对山羊PBMCs免疫效应的影响

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是羊、骆驼等小反刍动物的一种急性、烈性、接触性A类传染病,发病率和致死率极高.目前,PPR在全球仍呈现区域性流行和多地散发势态.为探讨PPRV及N蛋白体外诱导山羊外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)在不同时间对PBMCs免疫应答效应的影响.本研究将PPRVNigeria75/1疫苗毒(1 MOI)、重组N蛋白(10μg/mL)和RPMI 1640(阴性对照)体外刺激PBMCs 48h、72h、96h.采用CCK-8法检测PBMCs细胞增殖情况;qRT-PCR及ELISA检测炎症因子包括IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-a和IFN-γ的mRNA表达水平及分泌情况;流式细胞术检测T细胞CD4+和CD8+的表达、及单核来源树突状细胞(DCs)表面分子CD40、CD86、CD80的表达、以及检测PPRV感染PBMCs引起的细胞凋亡.研究发现:与对照组相比,PPRV能够抑制PBMCs的体外增殖,显著促进炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ的表达(P＜0.05).并且PPRV感染PBMCs产生细胞凋亡,促进CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞表达.另外PPRV体外刺激DCs,CD40、CD86、CD80的表达显著升高(P＜0.05),提示PPRV具有刺激DCs细胞成熟与分化的功能.进一步研究发现PPRV N蛋白体外刺激PBMCs能引起与PPRV作用相同的免疫效应.本研究表明PPRV Nigeria75/1疫苗毒体外感染PBMCs主要引起炎症反应与细胞凋亡、促进单核来源DCs成熟与分化,并且N蛋白参与PPRV引起的各项免疫功能.     

玉竹生物活性成分C对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究玉竹生物活性成分C对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制.采用MTT比色法和CFSE检测小鼠淋巴细胞转化情况,流式细胞术检测对αβT和γδT细胞增殖及CD4+ αβT细胞/CD8+αβT细胞比值的影响,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清中Th1细胞因子IFN-γ和Th2细胞因子IL-4的分泌水平.结果显示,玉竹生物活性成分C在一定浓度范围内可促进小鼠脾αβT细胞增殖,其中以1 000μg/mL的浓度作用最强.1 000 μg/mL浓度的玉竹生物活性成分C具有降低CD4+ αβT细胞与CD8+ αβT细胞比值,提高CD8+αβT细胞教量的作用.1 000 μg/mL浓度的玉竹生物活性成分C能有效刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞释放细胞因子IFN-γ,而对IL-4的产生没有明显的影响.本研究为开发玉竹生物活性成分C提供实验依据.     

成人外周血来源树突状细胞体外诱导培养动态监测

目的:分析体外诱导培养树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)表面分子及成熟度的动态变化;方法:利用流式细胞仪(fluorescence activated cell sorter,FACS)检测分析DCs表面成熟标志分子CD83和T细胞辅助分子CD58、CD54、CD40、CD80、CD86、HLA-DR、HLA-ABC表达水平;结果:体外诱导培养5 d细胞即高表达DCs标志分子CD11c,细胞成熟度与细胞表面T细胞辅助分子的表达水平随培养天数的增加有一定提高,但显著低于大肠杆菌LPS刺激的DCs;结论:诱导培养6 d DCs表型为CD83 low、CD58low、CD54 low、CD40 low、CD80 low、CD86 low、HLA-DRhigh、HLA-ABChigh,为不成熟DCs.     

可溶性Jagged-1/Fc嵌合蛋白诱导淋巴结细胞向CD4+CD25+ T细胞分化

直接用可溶性Jagged-1/Fc嵌合蛋白(Jagged-1/Fc)在体外诱导小鼠淋巴结细胞向CD4 CD25 T细胞分化.通过荧光标记单克隆抗体染色结合流式细胞术,观察不同剂量Jagged-1/Fc在不同时间对淋巴结细胞向CD4 CD25 T细胞分化的影响,观察Jagged-1/Fc诱导T细胞内细胞因子的变化;藉ELISA法检测Jagged-1/Fc诱导分化的T细胞分泌TGF-β1、IL-4和IL-10的水平.结果显示,超过500.0μg/L剂量的Jagged-1/Fc使CD4 CD25 T细胞百分比明显增高,诱导时间需要4～6天,抗Jagged-1单抗能抵消Jagged-1/Fc的诱导作用,用DAPT阻断Notch信号通路的活化也能抑制Jagged-1/Fc的诱导作用,Jagged-1/Fc诱导分化的T细胞培养上清中IL-4和IL-10的水平明显增高,TGF-β1无明显变化,胞内IL-4,IL-10,IL-2和TNF-α的水平也呈增高趋势.上述结果表明,可溶性Jagged-1/Fc嵌合蛋白在体外可诱导小鼠淋巴结细胞向CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞分化.     

过敏性哮喘小鼠树突状细胞负荷Der p2后改变及与T细胞增殖分化的关系研究

目的:探讨哮喘小鼠与正常小鼠骨髓源性树突状细胞(DC)负荷Der p2抗原后表达表面分子(CD11c、CD86)和细胞因子(IL-10、IL-12p70)的差异及其对Th1和Th2型细胞因子平衡的影响,进一步研究过敏性哮喘发生中DC的可能作用。方法:分别从哮喘组和对照组提取骨髓培养DC,第五天负荷Der p2,24小时后吹打收集细胞,观察DC形态,用流式细胞仪检测孵育后细胞表面CD11c、CD86表达。并留取负荷Der f2前后培养上清,ELISA法检测IL-10及IL-12p70含量。同时以DC:反应细胞比例为1:10混合培养,72 h后ELISA法检测混合培养上清中IL-4、IL-5、IFN-γ的水平。结果:1负荷Der p2后,哮喘组CD86、CD11c表达比对照组高,分别为(t=11,P0.05)(t=4.9,P0.05),差异有统计学意义;2在细胞因子分泌方面,Der p2负荷前,两组DC均能分泌IL-10与IL-12p70,IL-10水平哮喘组高(t=9.5,P0.05),而IL-12p70水平对照组高(P0.05);负荷Der p2后,对照组IL-10、IL-12p7分泌量比负荷前明显增加(P0.05),哮喘组无明显差异(P0.05);3在DC刺激同种T细胞因子分泌方面,负荷Der p2后哮喘组DC刺激T细胞分泌IL-4、IL-5分泌能力明显增强(P0.05),而刺激INF-γ能力降低(P0.05)。结论:DC在过敏性哮喘中起着重要作用,异常DC通过增加CD86、CD11c的表达和减少IL-10及IL-12的合成,致使T细胞向Th2细胞优势分化。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various