PCR制备地高辛素标记的探针检测轮伏病毒核酸

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术,制备了轮状病毒第９基因部分片段的地高辛标记的ｃＤＮＡ探针。ＤＮＡ－ＲＮＡ斑点杂交表明该探针具有轮状病毒Ａ组的特异性,可检出１０ｐｇＨＲＶ－ＲＮＡ。实验中选择了粪便标本提取核酸后点膜和粪便上清直接点膜进行斑点杂交,两种方法的结果一致;、同时将斑点杂交法与ＰＡＧＥ法的结果进行了比较。实验结果表明用ＰＣＲ技术直接制备地高辛素标记的ｃＤＮＡ探针具有方便、快速、标记率高、特异性     

PCR制备地高辛素标记的探针检测轮状病毒核酸

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术,制备了轮状病毒第９基因部分片段的地高辛标记的ｃＤＮＡ探针。ＤＮＡ－ＲＮＡ斑点杂交表明该探针具有轮状病毒Ａ组的特异性,可检出１０ｐｇＨＲＶ－ＲＮＡ。实验中选择了粪便标本提取核酸后点膜和粪便上清直接点膜进行斑点杂交,两种方法的结果一致;同时将斑点杂交法与ＰＡＧＥ法的结果进行了比较。实验结果表明用ＰＣＲ技术直接制备地高辛索标记的ｃＤＮＡ探针具有方便、快速、标记率高、特异性强的特点,具有一定的应用前景。     

人r型基因工程干扰素中残余DNA的检测

采用地高辛标记探针,以核酸杂交法检测人ｒ型基因工程干扰素（ＩＦＮ－ｒ）制品中残余ＤＮＡ含量,结果表明,自制的二组ＤＮＡ标准品相应量间显示的色斑相差悬殊,提示高蛋白含量对痕量残余ＤＮＡ的检测干扰较大,添加ＩＦＮ－ｒ的ＤＮＡ标准品比纯ＤＮＡ标准品更合理,以此测得各样品均符合ＷＨＯ要求（〈１００ｐｇ／剂量）,方法敏感性为４ｐｇ。     

检测CHO基因工程乙肝疫苗残余DNA方法的建立和应用

对样品的处理方法进行了探索,最后选用一个疫苗剂量的蛋白酶Ｋ同时消化样品和标准ＤＮＡ,并将消化处理后的样品和标准ＤＮＡ用地高辛标记的探针进行检测,灵敏度达１０ｐｇ。共检测２１批检品,除一批ＤＮＡ残余量超过１００ｐｇ／ｄｏｓｅ以外,其它２０批样品的ＤＮＡ残余量均低于１００ｐｇ／ｄｏｓｅ。     

生物素肼化学标记和DIG标记cDNA探针检测柑桔裂皮病类病毒

分别用生物素肼化学标记和ＤＩＧ标记我国柑桔裂皮病类病毒（ＣＥＶｄ）全长克隆ｃＤＮＡ,用以上探讨对不同来源的的核酸样品进行斑点杂交。两种探针可检出病柑桔总核酸的最低含量久为４００ｎｇ／斑点和８０ｎｇ／斑点;生物素肼标记ＣＥＶｄ－ＤＮＡ探讨针,可检出ＣＥＶｄ－ｃＤＮＡ的最低含量约为１０ｐｇ／斑点,研制的ＣＥＶｄ检测试剂盒能检测出发病和隐性带毒苗木中的ＣＥＶｄ,灵敏、特异、简便、快速。试剂盒已使用于检测     

大规模区带离心纯化Vero细胞乙脑疫苗

本文报道一种适合疫苗生产的大规模纯化Ｖｅｒｏ细胞乙脑疫苗的方法。原疫苗经适当浓缩和去除ＤＮＡ处理后,用不连续蔗糖梯度（３６％和６０％）。３２６００ｇ,速率区带离心４ｈ。纯化后疫苗的效力比中国参考疫苗高出６倍以上,补体结合抗原比中国参考疫苗高４～８倍。总蛋白含量低于３０μｇ／ｍＬ,牛血清含量降至０．５μｇ／ｍＬ以下,细胞残余ＤＮＡ低于１００ｐｇ／０．５ｍＬ。用此法连续制备三批纯化疫苗,其纯度和效力均高于日本鼠脑纯化疫苗。此法对于制备其它纯化Ｖｅｒｏ细胞疫苗也具有一定的参考意义。     

一个新的水稻MADS—box基因的克隆及表达分析

根据ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因保守区结构,设计简并性引物,利用３＇ＲＡＣＥ从水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）中克隆了１个新的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因的ｃＤＮＡ片段,同时利用５＆ＲＡＣＥ获得了全长ｃＤｎＡ命名为ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳＳ。序列分析表明,该ｃＤＮＡ全长１４０６ｂｐ,开放阅读框共编码２３３个到,具有典型的植物ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因的结构。推测的氨基酸序列与拟南芥的ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因,ＡＧＬ１４同     

6株A型口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP1（1D）基因的核苷酸序列分析

早期收集保藏的６株Ａ型口蹄疫病毒（ＦＤＭＶ）（ＡＬ１－ＡＬ６）,适应ＢＨＫ２１单层细胞后,提取６株细胞增殖病毒的ＲＮＡ。用一对ＦＭＤＶ通用引物经反转录（ＲＴ）－ＰＣＲ法扩增了约５００ｂｐ的期望的ＤＮＡ片段。克隆目的的基因后,采用双脱氧ＤＮＡ链末端终止法测得了６株病毒的ＶＰ１基因２１０－６３９核苷酸序列。分析表明,３株病毒缺失３个核苷酸,从推导的氨基酸序列比较,确定缺失的３个核苷酸正好是一个密码子,     

应用DIG标记探针杂交检测IBDV

本试验用地高辛（Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ,ＤＩＧ）标记的探针建立了核酸杂交检测传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢ－ＤＶ）的方法,并在敏感性方面同琼脂扩散试验进行了比较。探针来源于ＩＢＤＶＳＴＣ－ｌｌ９和ＳＴＣ－２４３ｃＤＮＡ。杂交方法的敏感性试验表明,核酸杂交可以检测到０．１ｐｇ的ＩＢＤＶＲＮＡ;与多个毒株核酸的杂交则显示出标记的探针可以作为通用试剂用于ＩＢＤＶ早期感染的诊断;而同琼脂扩散试验的比较则说明,杂交方法比常规的免疫沉淀反应敏感１０４倍以上。除此之外,由于杂交方法特异以及非放射性探针操作方便,因而具有很大的应用前景。     

Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白     

地高辛标记探针检测生物制品中残余DNA含量

用地高辛标记探针检测由传代细胞系生产的人用精制狂犬病疫苗,重组（CHO细胞）乙肝疫苗,出血热疫苗及痢疾多糖结合疫苗原液中残余DNA含量。结果表明,该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,可用于上述生物制品中残余DNA含量的检测。     

Characterization of DNA sequences associated with residual nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have used two different approaches to determine whether particular DNA sequences are specifically associated with high-salt-treated residual nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, libraries of yeast DNA in phage lambda were probed with nick-translated total nuclear or residual nuclear DNA from unsynchronized yeast cells. None of the plaques gave a significantly stronger or weaker signal with the residual nuclear probe than with the total nuclear probe. Second, DNA was purified from whole nuclei or residual nuclei which had been isolated from cells in G1, G1/S, early S, or nuclear division. This DNA was "dot-blotted" and then probed with specific yeast DNA sequences. Ribosomal DNA was 2- to 3-fold enriched in residual nuclei in late G1, G1/S, and early S, and 2 microns plasmid DNA sequences were 3- to 5-fold depleted during nuclear division and early G1. However, ARS1, TRP1, CEN6, and a telomere sequence were neither enriched nor depleted at any time during the cell cycle.     

Reassociation of complementary strand-specific adenovirus type 2 DNA with viral DNA sequences of transformed cells.

Complementary strand-specific adenovirus DNA, either full length or from restriction enzyme cleavage fragments, was used to estimate the fractional representation and abundance of viral sequences in two adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-transformed rat cell lines, A2F19 and A2T2C4. The reassociation method introduced is based on the linear relationship, after exhaustive hybridization, between the inverted fraction of hybrid DNA and the molar ratio of probe to cellular DNA in the reaction mixture. The amount of viral DNA in A2F19 cells represents 12 to 14% of the viral genome at a level of around seven copies per diploid cell equivalent. For the cell line A2T2C4, the pattern of integrated viral DNA sequences is more complex. With full-length Ad2 DNA strands as a probe, about 56% of the probe was represented in cellular DNA. When each of the four BamHI fragment strands of Ad2 DNA was used as a probe, the fraction of the viral DNA present also amounted to around 56% with one to five copies from different regions of the viral genome. The results demonstrate the advantage of using strand-specific viral DNA as a probe in reassociation analysis with denatured cell DNA. The method should be useful in any system in which complementary strand separation of viral DNA sequences can be achieved.     

Structural basis of the association of HIV-1 matrix protein with DNA

HIV-1 matrix (MA) is a multifunctional protein that is synthesized as a polyprotein that is cleaved by protease during viral maturation. MA contains a cluster of basic residues whose role is controversial. Proposed functions include membrane anchoring, facilitating viral assembly, and directing nuclear import of the viral DNA. Since MA has been reported to be a component of the preintegration complex (PIC), we have used NMR to probe its interaction with other PIC components. We show that MA interacts with DNA and this is likely sufficient to account for its association with the PIC.     

Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids--novel cell permeant and red fluorescing DNA probes.

BACKGROUND: Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) are naturally occurring compounds isolated from plants in the Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rutaceae families. In addition to having a wide range of biological activities, they are also attractive for their fluorescent properties. We observed interesting fluorescent characteristics in the QBAs-macarpine (MA), sanguirubine (SR), chelirubine (CHR), sanguilutine (SL), chelilutine (CHL), sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) after interaction with living cells. METHODS: Water stock solutions of the alkaloids (10-100 microg/ml) were added to intact cells, and after a brief incubation the cells were observed. Human cell lines HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia), HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma), and LEP (human lung fibroblasts), and piglet blood were used in the experiments. Blood cells were stained with MA in combination with FITC-conjugated anti-CD45 surface marker antibody. Cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and by flow cytometry. RESULTS: All tested alkaloids immediately entered living cells with MA, CHR, and SA binding to DNA. MA showed the best DNA staining properties. Fluorescence microscopy of MA, CHR, and SA stained cells described the nuclear architecture and clearly described chromosomes and apoptotic fragments in living cells. Moreover MA can rapidly represent the cellular DNA content of living cells at a resolution adequate for cell cycle analysis. QBAs were excitable using common argon lasers (488 nm) emitting at a range of 575-755 nm (i.e. fluorescence detectors FL2-5). Spectral characteristics of MA allow simultaneous surface immunophenotyping. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that MA, CHR, and SA stain nucleic acids in living cells. They can be used as supravital fluorescent DNA probes, both in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, including multiparameter analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow. MA binds DNA stochiometrically and can provide information on DNA content.     

Quantitation of the residual DNA from rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin

Residual DNA in recombinant protein pharmaceuticals can potentially cause safety issues in clinical applications; thus, maximum residual limit has been established by drug safety authorities. Assays for residual DNA in Escherichia coli, yeast, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression systems have been established, but no rice residual DNA assay for rice expression systems has been designed. To develop an assay for the quantification of residual DNA that is produced from rice seed, we established a sensitive assay using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) based on the 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. We found that a 40-cycle qPCR exhibited a linear response when the template concentration was in the range of 2 × 10⁴ to 0.2 pg of DNA per reaction in TaqMan and SYBR Green I assays. The amplification efficiency was 103 to 104%, and the amount of residual DNA from recombinant human serum albumin from Oryza sativa (OsrHSA) was less than 3.8 ng per dosage, which was lower than that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Our results indicate that the current purification protocol could efficiently remove residual DNA during manufacturing and processing. Furthermore, this protocol could be viable in other cereal crop endosperm expression systems for developing a residual DNA quantitation assay using the highly conserved 5S rRNA gene of the crops.     

DNA-DNA dot hybridization technique used as DNA determination method in the alkaline elution analysis of DNA damage

A DNA-DNA (‘Southern’) dot hybridization technique was adapted for use as a quantitative DNA detection method during alkaline elution analysis of irradiated rat cell material. In comparison to standard microfluorometric methods, similar γ-ray-dose-response relationships were obtained with less than 1% of the cell material when the dot hybridization assay was used. When a highly repetitive, long interspersed DNA element of the rat genome is used as a hybridization probe, as few as 10⁴ cells of rat tissue or rat cell culture cells per sample with approx. 50 ng of DNA were sufficient to detect single-strand breaks and protein cross-links in the DNA of rat hepatocytes and cells of the nasal epithelium after in vitro γ-irradiation. Since highly repetative DNA elements are available from nearly all higher eukaryotes, this alternative approach of detecting DNA in alkaline elution analysis is generally proposed for tissues which yield only low amounts of cell material and/or which are difficult to label by radioactive DNA precursors.     

针对NSP4基因的shRNA抑制牛轮状病毒的体外增殖

本研究根据牛轮状病毒(Bovine rotavirus,BRV)的NSP4基因序列,设计并构建了shRNA重组慢病毒载体RNAi-H1-89,利用脂质体介导法,将RNAi-H1-89与辅助质粒共转染293细胞,包装shRNA重组慢病毒;重组慢病毒感染MA104细胞24h后继续接种BRV,以针对LacZ基因的shRNA重组慢病毒为对照,48h后与LacZshR-NA对照比较,RNAi-H1-89明显抑制MA104细胞病变;RT-PCR检测结果表明,针对NSP4基因的shRNA可特异性抑制牛轮状病毒NSP4基因表达;病毒滴度测定表明,在转染50%、75%、95%RNAi-H1-89质粒的细胞培养上清液中,病毒滴度分别是对照组的50%、20%和10%。上述实验结果表明,针对NSP4基因的shRNA能高效地沉默NSP4基因,并且能阻断牛轮状病毒增殖。