格氏栲种群数量动态的谱分析研究

运用谱分析数学方法,研究分析格氏栲林格氏栲种群动态规律．结果表明：格氏栲种群数量动态的周期波动性是明显的,与格氏栲天然更新过程有关;不同生境、人为干扰均对辂氏栲种群数量动态的波动产生影响;格氏栲生长量的周期波动与其种群数量动态的周期波动特征基本一致,表明格氏栲种群数量动态呈周期波浪式发展,即表征格氏栲林优势种群的稳定性。     

大果马蹄荷(Exbucklandia tonkinensis)群落的纬度地带性

大果马蹄荷主产南亚热带至中亚热带南缘,南至海南岛,北至罗霄山脉中段的井冈山、桃源洞地区,是常绿阔叶林的特征种。以纬度地带性(海南霸王岭、广东黑石顶、广东南岭、江西金盆山、江西井冈山、湖南桃源洞)为依托,选定6个具代表性的大果马蹄荷群落开展群落生态学研究,结果表明:(1)各样地物种多样性较高,尤以金盆山蕨类植物9科10属11种、种子植物42科78属128种和桃源洞蕨类植物9科11属12种、种子植物41科79属134种最为丰富。群落组成的优势科主要为金缕梅科、壳斗科、樟科、山茶科、杜鹃花科、山矾科等。(2)从区系特征和环境梯度看,大果马蹄荷群落以南亚热带为分布中心,向南或向北其物种多样性Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数及相应的均匀度指数均呈下降趋势,其中霸王岭、黑石顶、南岭、金盆山、井冈山、桃源洞的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为3.453、4.021、4.130、3.790、3.415、3.712。(3)群落相似性聚类分析显示群落随纬度和随海拔高度形成两个梯度系列,一是以黑石顶、金盆山、井冈山、桃源洞的纬度地带性为一支,相似性系数0.51;二是以南岭和霸王岭聚成海拔梯度较高的另一支,但其相似性系数0.50,为0.33—0.48。(4)大果马蹄荷群落种类组成在区系性质上很相似,具有明显的南亚热带特征;同时,受海拔、地形、气温、降雨条件等因素的影响,种子植物属的热带成分随纬度增加而呈波动性下降趋势。(5)大果马蹄荷种群在各群落中的重要值水平和径级结构表现出一致性,在纬度地带性差异上无明显的相关性。霸王岭大果马蹄荷的径级结构为增长型,但重要值排名为32,说明向南分布该种群优势度明显下降;在南岭、黑石顶、金盆山、桃源洞该种群优势度较大,且为稳定型种群;在井冈山该群落受到人为干忧,大果马蹄荷的重要值排名第1,但为衰退型种群。     

荒漠珍稀灌木半日花种群数量动态的谱分析

依据不同坡位的半日花（Helianthemum ordosicum）种群的野外样方调查数据,运用谱分析数学方法,对其种群数量动态变化进行了分析研究。结果表明：在以地径级差划分龄级的基础上,半日花种群天然更新过程的动态是通过半日花不同龄级的株数分布波动而表现的。不同坡位半日花种群的数量动态过程受基波影响最明显,并且波动还表现出明显的中、小周期。不同坡位种群均存在基本周期1／2的12～15mm地径增量的中等长度的周期波动,以及2．00～6．25mm地径增量的小周期波动。这种中、小周期波动与环境压力、种间竞争及自身生理特性等有关。由于不同坡位的生境条件不同,表现为从坡下部到坡上部,半日花种群数量变动的波动小周期（地径增量表型）逐渐缩短。人为干扰对不同坡位半日花种群动态的波动产生影响。半日花种群数量动态变化的这种周期性的波动可使半日花种群的自我稳定性得以维持与延续。     

喀斯特季节性雨林蚬木种群结构和数量动态

蚬木是喀斯特季节性雨林的特征种.为了了解蚬木种群的结构和生存状态,根据一个15 hm2固定样地的调查数据,采用数量分析方法研究了蚬木种群的年龄结构和数量动态特征.结果表明,蚬木种群的幼龄个体数量很多,年龄结构呈倒-J型;存活曲线可以同时被DeevyⅡ和DeevyⅢ型曲线拟合,但更倾向于DeevyⅡ型曲线;特定时间生命表分析结果表明,种群的死亡率在年龄级0～9a、60～69 a出现明显的峰值;生存分析结果显示,蚬木种群生存状态具有前期波动、中期稳定、后期衰退的特点;谱分析结果表明,蚬木种群动态未发现有明显的大周期波动,但存在一个长度为lla左右的小周期波动.综上研究结果,研究区内的蚬木种群为增长型种群结构;在不同发育阶段,蚬木种群的生存状态存在波动,在种群发育的前期和后期生存状态不稳定;蚬木种群的年龄结构和数量动态可能受本身生物学特性、负密度制约效应、喀斯特地质性干旱等因素的影响较大.     

羊草(Leymus chinensis)种群无性系种群动态的初步研究

本文根据１９８５－１９９０年在天然羊草种群无性系的观测与统分析,在研究羊草种群性系生活周期的基础上,探讨了其种群动态,建立了用转移概率矩阵表示的种群动态模型。通过用两种营养繁殖系数Ｒｖ１和Ｒｖ２模拟种群密度变化,发现用转移概率矩陈种群动态模型和现存种群营养繁殖系数Ｒｖ２预测羊草种群密度。     

冀北山地不同海拔天然山杏种群的结构与动态

为了阐明冀北山地天然山杏种群的现存状态、预测种群未来的发展趋势,该研究在冀北山地不同海拔分别设置样地进行调查,以径级结构代替年龄结构,采用匀滑技术编制不同海拔天然山杏种群静态生命表,并应用谱分析方法分析不同海拔山杏种群的波动周期,进而揭示海拔因素对天然山杏种群数量动态的影响以及种群更新和维持机制,为山杏种群的保护和管理提供科学依据。结果表明：(1)不同海拔山杏种群的基径随海拔的升高逐渐变小,海拔872 m(H1)为15个径级,最大径级为12.47 cm,海拔1 131 m(H2)为17个径级,对应最大径级为14.10 cm,海拔1 328 m(H3)山杏种群为11个径级,对应最大径级为8.76 cm;不同海拔山杏种群数量随海拔上升呈减少的趋势,依次为：H1(2 158株)＞H2(1 262株)＞H3(133株)。(2)不同海拔天然山杏种群结构动态均属于增长型,V′_pi均大于0,表现出H2(57.51%、3.38%)＞H1(47.42%、3.16%)＞H3(27.57%、2.51%)的变化动态。(3)不同海拔梯度同一径级以及同一海拔梯度不同径级山杏种群的期望寿命均存在波动,3个海拔山杏种群存活曲线均趋于Deevey Ⅱ型,各径级阶段死亡率变化不明显,趋于稳定。(4)海拔H1、H2和H3样地的山杏种群死亡率分别出现7次、6次和3次死亡高峰,表明随海拔的增高山杏种群经历死亡波动的次数在逐渐减小。(5)种群动态谱分析表明,不同海拔天然山杏种群除受基波的影响外,还存在着明显的小周期波动,海拔H1、H2、H3样地的山杏种群谐波分别在A₂和A₈、A₇、A₅处出现波动。研究认为,冀北山地天然山杏种群自然更新良好,若无强烈的人为干扰或严重的自然灾害,将在群落中长期保持优势种地位。     

乌兰布和沙漠天然梭梭种群动态及空间分布

为进一步明晰乌兰布和沙漠天然梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)种群动态和空间分布特征,该研究以乌兰布和沙漠天然梭梭林为研究对象,采用静态生命表、存活曲线、生存分析和空间分布格局指数等方法分析种群动态与内在生活史特征和外在干扰之间的互动关系,探讨梭梭种群波动特征及其存续机制,以揭示天然梭梭种群动态及空间分布特征,为梭梭种群的合理保护与种群恢复提供依据。结果表明:(1)乌兰布和沙漠天然梭梭种群龄级结构呈倒“J”形,为增长型,但相邻龄级个体数量波动性较大;种群年龄结构数量变化动态指数V_(pi)=17.43,受随机干扰时种群年龄结构动态指数V_(pi)′=1.02,种群年龄结构对随机干扰的敏感性指数P_(max)=5.88,说明种群对外界干扰较为敏感。(2)研究区天然梭梭种群的存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,各年龄级种群有相近的死亡率;生存函数、累积死亡率、死亡密度在第Ⅰ~Ⅹ龄级(基径<10 cm)变化较大,且在第Ⅰ~Ⅸ龄级危险率较高;生存函数、累计死亡率、死亡密度在第Ⅺ~ⅩⅧ龄级(基径≥10 cm)趋于稳定,危险率在第Ⅹ龄级后逐渐增加,种群动态呈现出低龄级间个体数量波动大,高龄级衰退的特征。(3)研究区天然梭梭种群密度在328.57~942.86株/km^(2)之间,平均为706.34株/km^(2),种群空间分布大多呈聚集分布。研究表明,乌兰布和沙漠在现阶段环境气候条件下,适宜梭梭种群的生长,而且在不受人为干扰的情况下,梭梭种群能够稳定存续,可以抵抗一定的气候风险。建议减轻人为干扰对低龄级种群数量的影响,在局部梭梭林衰退严重区可参考天然梭梭种群密度与空间分布型建植人工梭梭林。     

濒危植物沉水樟的种群生命表和谱分析

将林木依胸径大小分级,以林木径级结构代表年龄结构。采用分段匀滑技术,编制沉水樟种群特定时间生命表,绘制死亡率曲线、危险率曲线及存活曲线,分析沉水樟种群动态趋势。结果表明：沉水樟种群的存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型,幼苗和中树稀缺是导致沉水樟濒危的重要原因。沉水樟种群天然更新过程的动态是通过沉水樟不同龄级的株数分布波动而表现的,种群动态的谱分析表明沉水樟种群动态除受基波的影响外,还显示出明显的小周期波动,在11龄级这一小周期波动与沉水樟高生长有关,在15龄级这一小周期的波动可能与沉水樟的生理特性有关。     

新疆野核桃自然保护区不同坡向野核桃种群生命表与波动周期

为了掌握新疆野核桃种群的波动周期、预测未来种群结构变化,在新疆野核桃自然保护区的阳坡和阴坡分别设置样地大样本调查,以径级结构代表年龄结构编制野核桃种群静态生命表,绘制其期望寿命图、年龄结构图、存活曲线和死亡率曲线,同时应用谱分析方法比较分析不同坡向生境野核桃种群的波动周期。结果表明:(1)野核桃种群不同坡向同一龄级和同一坡向不同龄级的期望寿命均存在波动,期望寿命在10龄级前为阳坡高于阴坡,10龄级后为阳坡低于阴坡。(2)阳坡和阴坡野核桃种群均为增长型年龄结构。(3)不同坡向生境野核桃种群的存活曲线均趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,但阳坡种群各龄级的存活率均高于阴坡。(4)1龄级植株以高死亡率为代价发育为幼树;阳坡种群在其生活史中经历2个死亡高峰,最高峰在16龄级,阴坡种群经历4个死亡高峰,最高峰在9龄级。(5)谱分析表明,新疆野核桃种群的数量动态除受基波影响外,并表现明显的小周期波动,具有大周期内有小周期的多谐波迭加特征,且在11龄级的小周期波动与野核桃高生长特性有关,在17龄级的小周期波动可能与野核桃的生理特性有关。     

极小种群野生植物细果秤锤树种群结构与动态特征

细果秤锤树(Sinojackia microcarpa)是中国特有极小种群植物之一,属国家Ⅱ级重点保护植物。为揭示该种群的生存潜力与濒危机制,为种群保护提供依据,采用样地调查法在浙江省建德市细果秤锤树自然集中分布区进行野外调查,以空间代替时间研究了细果秤锤树种群的结构特征,绘制了种群静态生命表及种群存活曲线,并应用种群动态和时间序列量化预测种群未来发展态势。结果表明:(1)细果秤锤树的径级、高度和冠幅结构均表明该种群龄级结构总体呈衰退型,种群幼年树淘汰率较高,中年树到老年树过渡阶段适应力增强,生长情况较前期稳定。(2)生活曲线属Deevey-Ⅲ型,早期死亡率高,生存分析揭示细果秤锤树种群具有前期锐减的动态特征。(3)时间序列分析预测在未来2、4、6、8个龄级后,细果秤锤树的年龄结构存在幼年个体数下降,中、老年树占优势的衰退风险。(4)种群动态指数表明该种群结构总体波动大,抗外界干扰能力较弱,环境对个体的选择作用较强。为促进种群自然更新,应加强就地保护措施,降低人为干扰对个体生存环境的威胁,提高幼苗至幼树转化率,实现种群恢复。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).