富血小板血浆联合同种异体骨治疗非感染性骨不连的临床应用

目的:评价富血小板血浆联合同种异体骨治疗非感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院创伤骨科2010年2月-2015年1月的非感染性骨不连患者,比较同种异体骨加富血小板血浆混合物与自体髂骨植骨治疗非感染性骨不连的疗效。结果:两组共随访非感染性骨不连患者69例,全部进行了术中断端植骨,其中富血小板血浆联合同种异体骨植骨组(PRP组)21例,其中愈合19例,未愈合2例,临床愈合率90.5%。自体髂骨植骨组(自体骨组)48例,愈合44例,4例未愈合,临床愈合率91.6%。PRP组平均手术持续时间为(108.73±13.91),自体骨组为(120.54±13.87)min,两组间有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3月,PRP组患者X线骨痂评价标准平均评分值为(2.54±0.43)分,自体骨组为(2.62±0.45)分,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:富血小板血浆混合同种异体骨植骨治疗骨不连较传统自体髂骨植骨可缩短手术时间,避免供骨区并发症,修复效果良好,为骨不连的治疗提供了一个新的方法。     

雌酚酮体外影响骨生长的形态学研究

目的：从组织形态学角度综合考察雌酚酮在体外对骨吸收和骨形成的影响。方法：１６ｄ胎龄雌性小鼠尺骨在含有雌酚酮的ＢＧＪｂ培养基中旋转培养４８ｈ后,测量骨总长和骨干长度;Ｈ．Ｅ染色,光镜下计数破骨细胞和肥大软骨细胞。结果：当雌酚酮浓度为１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,长骨总长和骨干长均比对照组显著增加;破骨细胞减少,肥大软骨细胞增加。结论：雌酚酮在体外可抑制骨吸收,促进骨形成。     

吴茱萸碱抑制破骨细胞分化延缓骨丢失的研究

目的探讨吴茱萸碱对破骨细胞分化与骨吸收功能的调控及对骨质疏松症的治疗作用。 方法取小鼠原代骨髓来源巨噬细胞分别给予0、10、20、50、100、200 μmol/L吴茱萸碱处理,CCK8检测细胞活力;然后利用原代骨髓来源巨噬细胞给予小鼠重组可溶性核因子κB受体活化因子配体与集落刺激因子行破骨细胞分化诱导,分别给予20与50 μmol/L吴茱萸碱干预。抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）染色检测破骨细胞形成能力,荧光定量PCR分析破骨细胞分化相关基因表达,免疫荧光检测F肌动蛋白（F-actin）形成,扫描电镜观察破骨细胞骨吸收能力。7月龄C57BL/6小鼠灌胃给予100与200 mg/kg吴茱萸碱,给药3个月后Micro-CT检测小鼠骨密度与骨质量。采用单因素方差分析和t检验进行统计学分析。 结果CCK8结果显示,与对照组相比,给予10、20、50、100 μmol/L吴茱萸碱处理后细胞活力无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;而给予200 μmol/L吴茱萸碱的细胞活力下降（100.64±0.18比47.54±5.58）,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。与对照组相比,20 μmol/L吴茱萸碱的TRAP染色阳性细胞数[（200.57±28.35）比（142.29±19.21）个]、Trap （1.00±0.13比0.55±0.16）、组织蛋白酶K（Ctsk） （1.01±0.17比0.59±0.11）mRNA水平、骨吸收面积比（1.00±0.15比0.79±0.19）均减少,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比,50 μmol/L吴茱萸碱的TRAP阳性细胞数[（200.57±28.35）比（112.71±12.18）个]、Trap （1.00±0.13比0.46±0.17）、Ctsk（1.01±0.17比0.49±0.12）、树突状细胞-特异性跨膜蛋白（DC- Stamp） （1.00±0.10比0.55±0.14）、c-Fos （1.01±0.10比0.58±0.14）、活化T细胞核因子c1 （Nfatc1） （1.00±0.10比0.59±0.14）、H+转运ATP酶v0亚基d2 （Atp6v0d2）的mRNA表达（1.00±0.10比0.59±0.18）、F-actin数量[（165.00± 18.50）比（98.33±21.15）个]和骨吸收面积比（1.00±0.15比0.62±0.10）均降低,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。Micro-CT结果显示,与生理盐水组相比,100 mg/kg吴茱萸碱组小鼠骨密度有一定升高[（0.19±0.03）比（0.21±0.01）g/cm³],但差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;与生理盐水组相比,200 mg/kg吴茱萸碱组小鼠胫骨的骨密度[（0.19±0.03）比（0.23±0.01）g/cm³]、骨体积比[（9.79±1.39）﹪比（11.62±1.18）﹪]、骨小梁数量[（2.43±0.29）比（3.08±0.43）/mm]上升,骨小梁分离度[（0.44±0.06）比（0.27±0.05）mm]下降,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论吴茱萸碱通过抑制破骨细胞分化与骨吸收功能延缓小鼠骨量丢失。     

树鼩的骨元和骨细胞穴微观结构超微影像的定性比较

近年来,由于树鼩与灵长类动物的亲缘关系,它们引起了人类发展和疾病研究的兴趣。在这项对树鼩,鼠,狗,狒狒和人类的骨骼超微形态的比较研究中,我们定性分析了骨骼的微观结构和形态,以评估树鼩对人类的亲近程度。在3只成年雄性树鼩 (滇西亚种) (Tupaia belangeri chinensis）的股骨中,使用荧光素异硫氰酸盐样品制备和染色共聚焦成像研究了皮质骨的骨元结构,并使用酸蚀刻SEM观察了骨细胞穴的形态。总体而言,树鼩中骨样形成物的密度和结构以及骨细胞穴的形态更像鼠, 与人类,狗和狒狒都明显不同。这些发现表明,尽管树鼩在系统发育上比鼠更接近人类,但它们的骨骼超微形态仍与鼠接近。这是除狗和狒狒之外,第一次对树鼩的骨元和骨细胞穴进行超微影像的研究。这个比较研究的结果丰富了我们对早期灵长类动物骨骼发育,适应性和进化的理解。未来有必要进行进一步的定量比较研究来表征树鼩骨骼的微观形态。     

斯钙素在哺乳动物骨组织代谢中的作用

斯钙素（stanniocalcin,STC）是一种最早在硬骨鱼中发现的糖蛋白类激素. 哺乳动物斯钙素在体内钙磷代谢、肌肉骨骼系统的发育等方面均起到重要作用,并且在心血管疾病、肿瘤发展以及神经系统疾病中也扮演重要角色. 近年,斯钙素在骨骼发育中的作用逐渐引起科学界的关注. 骨组织中STC由成软骨细胞、成骨细胞分泌,并以自分泌/旁分泌的形式作用于局部组织细胞中,主要影响软骨形成和骨重建过程.本文以斯钙素为主题,综述了其生化分子特性、其在骨组织中的表达分布特点,以及该分子在成熟骨组织骨重建过程中的作用机制. 本文将为深入了解斯钙素在骨组织代谢中的作用提供帮助.     

成骨蛋白-1的研究及应用进展

成骨蛋白-1（OP-1）是骨形态发生蛋白家族（BMPs）中的一员,具有较强的骨诱导活性,能够在体内、外诱导骨、软骨形成,完成骨修复能力。研究发现OP-1能治愈自体骨不能愈合的缺损,加速骨折愈合,能有效地促进横突体内融合发挥脊柱融合作用。OP-1用作盖髓剂,可以减轻炎症反应,诱导牙本质再生。此外,OP-1还具有抗肾脏纤维化作用,保护肾小球的完整性。     

磷酸钙骨水泥的研究和临床进展

磷酸钙骨水泥是一种极好生物相容性和生物可降解的非陶瓷型羟基磷灰石类生物材料,以被广泛应用到骨科,外科,口腔科等医学领域,本文主要介绍该材料在生物性能,操作性能及临床应用方面的研究进展。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).