重组胰高糖素样肽-1融合蛋白的纯化及其活性测定

主要探讨了发酵液中融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA的分离纯化过程。发酵上清液经超滤浓缩、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤分离得高纯度的rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA。纯化样品经SDS-PAGE检测为单一条带,HPLC分析纯度达98%,^125I标记后用TCA沉淀法测定放射性纯度达97%,符合药效学和药代动力学研究的需要,整个纯化过程回收率达到48.5%。通过细胞增殖实验表明纯化后的rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA具有类似GLP-1的促胰岛β细胞增殖活性,说明该分离过程保护了融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA的生物活性。通过融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA的纯化方法,可获得高纯度的重组融合蛋白rh（GLP-1A2G）2-HSA,为进一步的药效学和药代动力学研究奠定了基础。     

基因重组胰高血糖素样肽-1衍生多肽的表达和产物纯化与鉴定

为研究利用基因重组方法生产人胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）衍生多肽的最佳表达及纯化条件,选用大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,以含人GLP-1的质粒为模板,用PCR方法合成全长人GLP-1衍生多肽基因,并定向插入到高效表达载体pMFH中,用大肠杆菌BL21进行表达,融合蛋白经Ni-NTA柱纯化后,用C18 Sep-Pak 反相柱脱盐,然后融合蛋白经甲酸水解,水解产物经Ni-NTA柱和高效液相色谱（HPLC）纯化制备后,目的肽由质谱鉴定。 实验结果表明：利用载体pMFH在BL21中,GLP-1衍生物的最佳诱导表达温度为37℃、诱导剂异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）的最佳浓度为0.6mmol/L,最佳诱导表达时间为6h;HPLC分析和制备GLP-1衍生物最佳条件为：流动相A(10% CNCH3∶90% H2O,0.1％TFA),流动相B(100% CNCH3,0.1% TFA),流速1ml／min,30 min线性梯度洗脱,B相至70%,检测波长280nm;质谱鉴定GLP-1衍生物的分子量为5.492kDa,与理论值相符合。在最佳表达及纯化条件下可得GLP-1衍生多肽的产量可达到11.6mg/L发酵产物,纯度≥98%。     

丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶AKT2的体外激酶活性分析

目的 建立蛋白激酶AKT2体外磷酸化检测体系.方法 构建携带AKT2 cDNA编码区的pLNCX2逆转录病毒重组载体,包装重组病毒,转导293A细胞,G418筛选得到稳定表达组成型活化的AKT2细胞株,应用免疫沉淀获得蛋白激AKT2;将核基质结合蛋白SATB1的1～204的氨基酸序列及其47位丝氨酸的突变体S47A、S47D,分别与GST基因融合表达载体pGEX4T-1进行重组,经测序鉴定后转化大肠埃希菌BL-21,IPTG诱导表达经亲和纯化得到GST-SATB1 1-204、GST-SATB1 1-204 S47A和GST-SATB1 1-204 S47D融合蛋白;利用免疫沉淀的AKT2磷酸化GST-SATB1融合蛋白,应用免疫印迹检测其是否被磷酸化.结果 细胞表达的蛋白激酶AKT2能高效的将野生型SATB1 1-204 磷酸化,而不能磷酸化其两种突变体.结论 成功建立了一个蛋白激酶体外磷酸化系统.     

人胰高血糖素样肽-1突变体基因的克隆及表达

目的：克隆人胰高血糖素样肽-1突变体（^2Gly-hGLP-1)基因,高效表达GST-^2Gly-hGLP-1融合蛋白.方法:在获得重组hGLP-1基因工程菌基础上,利用定点突变技术改造其第2位丙氨酸为甘氨酸,经酶切克隆于pGEM-7z( )载体中,构建pGEM-4T-3/^2Gly-hGLP-1融合表达规模.SDS-PAGE和凝胶扫描分析,融合蛋白以可溶形式存在,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的29.7%。表达产物经亲和层析纯化后纯度在95%以上,免疫印迹证实,该融合蛋白可被异性hGLP-1（7-37）抗体所识别。结论：为产业化规模制备hGLP-1突变体提供技术线路。     

重组人胰高血糖素样肽－1的表达及生物学活性

将人工合成的人胰高血糖素样肽-1（human glucagon like peptide-1, hGLP-1）基因插入质粒载体pET-32a(+)中,构建成rhGLP-1与硫氧还蛋白（thioredox）及六聚组氨酸（hexahistidine）的融合表达载体pET32-GLP-1,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）获得表达菌株,经IPTG诱导发酵的菌体超声破碎后,裂解液用Ni离子亲和层析纯化得到融合蛋白,经肠激酶裂解,再次Ni离子亲和层析,得到rhGLP-1样品。经SDS PAGE 和等电聚焦检测,样品纯度大于90％, 等电点介于pH5.2～pH5.85之间。质谱测定rhGLP-1分子量为3 355.0kDa,肽图分析得到2 097.7kDa和1 005.5kDa两个胰蛋白酶酶解片断,均与理论分析结果一致。动物实验表明重组蛋白具有明显的降血糖活性和促胰岛素分泌作用。     

人胰高血糖素样肽-1与人血清白蛋白融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达有降糖活性的人胰高血糖素样肽-1（hGLP-1）突变体（2Gly-hGLP-1）与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的融合蛋白。方法：为将GLP-1氨基酸序列第2位的丙氨酸（Ala）定点突变为甘氨酸（Gly）,根据毕赤酵母偏爱密码子合成编码2Gly-hGLP-1的基因;采用重叠PCR法拼接2Gly-hGLP-1和HSA的基因,使得2Gly-hGLP-1的C端与HSA的N端通过甘氨酸五肽接头连接;将该融合基因插入表达载体pPIC9构建为重组载体pPIC9/2Gly-hGLP-1-HSA,电击转化至毕赤酵母GS115细胞,通过表型筛选和诱导表达实验获得高效表达菌株;工程菌在5L发酵罐中培养后,对发酵产物进行分离纯化和生物学活性分析。结果：融合蛋白在5L发酵罐中的表达量约为200mg/L,经纯化后纯度可达95%以上;小鼠糖耐量实验表明该融合蛋白具有明显的控血糖活性。结论：在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的融合蛋白2Gly-hGLP-1-HSA具有降血糖活性。     

重组人胰高血糖素样肽-1突变体的分离纯化及活性分析

对基因工程构建的含人胰高血糖素样肽1(hGLP1)突变体的工程菌株进行诱导表达,分离纯化N末端第二位突变的2GlyhGLP1突变体.IPTG诱导4h,收获的菌体经超声破碎后,裂解液用GlutathioneSepharose4B亲和层析纯化GST2GlyhGLP1融合蛋白,经CNBr裂解、SephadexG25柱脱盐、QAESepharoseFF阴离子交换柱层析和RPC18柱脱盐,得到纯度大于98%的重组2GlyhGLP1.Western印迹分析证实,该突变体可被特异性hGLP1抗体所识别.生物学活性分析表明,2GlyhGLP1具有明显的降血糖活性和促胰岛素分泌活性(P<0.001).     

重组人胰高血糖素样肽-1类似物的分离纯化和鉴定

将合成的人胰高血糖素样肽-1类似物基因插入到原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-3中,构建成rhGLP-1类似物与谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（glutathione-S-transferases,GST）的融合表达载体pGEX-rhGLP-1类似物,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）获得重组菌株。IPTG诱导表达的菌体经高压均质机破碎后,离心收集包涵体,经尿素变性、Glutathione-Sepharose 4B亲和层析、肠激酶酶切、SP-Sepharose FF层析和反相层析RP-C18脱盐后冻干,得到纯度大于96%的rhGLP-1类似物,经质谱测定,分子量与理论值一致。生物学活性分析表明,rhGLP-1类似物具有促进表达有GLP-1受体的HEK293细胞cAMP增加的活性。     

大肠杆菌AroG蛋白F209S突变体对苯丙氨酸反馈抑制作用的影响(英文)

在大肠杆菌中 ,80 %的 3 脱氧 D 阿拉伯 庚酮 7 磷酸 (3 deoxy D arabino heptulosonate 7 phosphate,DAHP)合酶由aroG基因编码。分别以大肠杆菌K1 2及其抗苯丙氨酸类似物的突变体总DNA为模板 ,以PCR方法扩增得到aroG基因及其突变体。基因测序结果表明抗苯丙氨酸类似物的突变体 ,其aroG基因核苷酸 62 5位发生了T→C的点突变 ,从而使AroG蛋白的 2 0 9位氨基酸由Ser取代了Phe。aroG基因及其突变体克隆到表达质粒 pTrc99A上 ,在大肠杆菌JM 1 0 5中进行表达 ,表达产物的SDS PAGE上可以看到分子量相当明显的条带 ;菌体粗提物中DAHP合酶的活性提高了 1 .8倍 ;酶活抗性检测表明AroG蛋白突变体在一定程度上解除了苯丙氨酸的反馈抑制作用 ;与含K1 2aroG基因的JM1 0 5细胞相比 ,含aroG基因突变体的JM1 0 5细胞可以在含高浓度苯丙氨酸类似物的培养基上生长。     

利用GAP启动子在毕赤酵母中表达与纯化GLP-1类似物

胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)能提高II型糖尿病患者β胰腺细胞的胰岛素分泌量并能促进β胰腺细胞增殖,是潜在的糖尿病治疗药物。设计一种GLP-1类似物AGGH,即GLP-1(A2G)的二联体与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的N端连接,并在融合蛋白GGH前添加一个丙氨酸(A)。PCR获得融合基因aggh,将融合基因连接到p GAPZαA质粒中。在酵母中利用甘油醛三磷酸脱氢酶(GAP)启动子组成型表达外源蛋白AGGH。研究结果显示:筛选获得表达重组菌株,基因组PCR和western-blot验证正确;以葡萄糖为最优碳源培养下,表达量达到68 mg/L;5 L发酵罐中,发酵52 h蛋白产量最高达238 mg/L。蛋白经四步纯化后,获得纯度为95.8%的AGGH融合蛋白。与利用醇氧化酶1(AOX1)启动子表达的AGGH比较,发现两者产量和活性没有明显差异。但是,GAP启动子表达获得AGGH融合蛋白更加方便,且发酵时间减少了27.8%(20 h)。     

利用转基因烟草表达人胰高血糖素样肽1的研究

人胰高血糖素样肽1(hGLP1)是一种短肽激素,是近年来备受关注的治疗糖尿病最有前景的候选药物。在设计合成hGLP1基因并构建植物表达载体的基础上,通过农杆菌介导将hGLP1基因导入烟草基因组中,获得转化再生植株,经过PCR扩增和Southern blot分析,证实hGLP1基因已整合进入6个株系的烟草基因组中。GUS组织化学染色表明,与目的基因融合的报告基因在转基因烟草中获得表达。Western blot检测表明,其中2个株系转基因烟草叶片中能够检测到hGLP1融合蛋白的表达。初步的动物试验表明该融合蛋白具有一定的降血糖生物活性。     

重组人胰高血糖素样肽-1的表达、纯化及其生物学活性

为获得重组人胰高血糖素样肽 1[recombinanthumanglucagon likepeptide 1(7～ 37) ,rhGLP 1]并研究其生物学活性 ,采用亚磷酸二酯法合成hGLP 1cDNA的 6个寡核苷酸片段 ,拼接成完整的hGLP 1cDNA ,构建重组质粒pGEX hGLP 1,转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)获得表达菌株 .高密度发酵培养的菌体超声破碎后 ,裂解液用Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析纯化得到GST融合蛋白 .经CNBr裂解、QAE SepharoseFF柱层析和脱盐 ,得到纯度大于 90 %的rhGLP 1,质谱测定分子量结果与理论值一致 .生物学活性分析表明 ,rhGLP 1具有明显的降血糖活性 .     

人胰高血糖素样肽1在转基因番茄中的表达

人胰高血糖素样肽1 (GLP1)是一种短肽激素,对Ⅱ型糖尿病具有很好的疗效.本研究在设计合成GLP1基因并构建植物表达载体的基础上,通过农杆菌介导将GLP1基因导入番茄基因组中,经过PCR扩增和Southern Blot分析,证实GLP1基因已整合进入9个株系的番茄基因组中.Western Blot检测表明,其中4个株系转基因番茄的叶片能够检测到hGLP1融合蛋白的表达.通过Ni-NTA亲和层析分离纯化转基因番茄表达的hGLP1融合蛋白,动物实验表明该融合蛋白具有显著的降血糖生物活性.本研究结果将为转基因番茄作为生物反应器表达药用蛋白提供重要的理论和技术支持,并将为培育具有糖尿病治疗功能的番茄新品种奠定基础.     

GLP-1(1~37) 诱导人类胚胎小肠 上皮细胞表达胰岛素

胶原酶消化法分离培养人类胚胎小肠的上皮细胞,应用胰高血糖素样肽 1 (glucagon-like peptide 1 (1~37),GLP-1) 诱导小肠上皮细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞分化,免疫组化方法对分化的和未分化的细胞进行鉴定, RT-PCR 检测胰岛内分泌细胞相关基因的表达 . 结果成功分离培养出人类小肠上皮细胞,免疫组化证明细胞表达小肠上皮的标志物细胞角蛋白 18 和 19 ,同时细胞也表达胰高血糖素和生长抑素,但无胰岛素表达 . GLP-1(1~37) 诱导小肠上皮细胞 6 天, RT-PCR 显示胰十二指肠同源异型基因盒 1 (pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 , PDX-1) 、葡萄糖转运蛋白 2 (glucose transporter-2 , GLUT-2) 和胰岛素基因均有表达,免疫组化也检测到胰岛素阳性小肠上皮细胞 . 未用 GLP-1(1~37) 诱导小肠上皮细胞为对照的 RT-PCR 显示 PDX-1 、 GLUT-2 也表达,但无胰岛素 mRNA 和蛋白质的表达 . 研究表明 GLP-1(1~37) 能够诱导人类胚胎小肠上皮细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞分化 .     

胰高血糖素样肽-1与Ⅰ型糖尿病治疗

近年来研究表明,胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）对胰岛β细胞的分化、增殖均起重要作用,包括抑制β细胞凋亡、刺激β细胞增生、诱导干细胞分化为胰腺内分泌细胞,从而使被破坏的胰岛细胞恢复分泌胰岛素的功能,这些作用为其治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病提供了证据,使其成为Ⅰ型糖尿病治疗领域研究的热点。     

Glucagon-like peptide-1 and islet lipolysis.

A role for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been suggested in stimulating beta-cell lipolysis via elevation of cAMP and activation of protein kinase A, which in turn may activate hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), thereby contributing to fatty acid generation (FFA) from intracellular triglyceride stores. FFAs may then be metabolized to a lipid signal, which is required for optimal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Since HSL is expressed in islet beta-cells, this effect could contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion by GLP-1, provided that a lipid signal of importance for insulin secretion is generated. To examine this hypothesis, we have studied the acute effect of GLP-1 on isolated mouse islets from normal mice and from mice with high-fat diet induced insulin resistance. We found, however, that although GLP-1 (100 nM) markedly potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets of both feeding groups, the peptide was not able to stimulate islet palmitate oxidation or increase lipolysis measured as glycerol release. This indicates that a lipid signal does not contribute to the acute stimulation of insulin secretion by GLP-1. To test whether lipolysis might be involved in the islet effects of long-term GLP-1 action, mice from the two feeding groups were chronically treated with exendin-4, a peptide that lowers blood glucose by interacting with GLP-1 receptors, in order to stimulate insulin secretion, for 16 days before isolation of the islets. The insulinotropic effects of GLP-1 and forskolin were exaggerated in isolated islets from exendin-4 treated mice given a high-fat diet, with a augmented palmitate oxidation as well as islet lipolysis at high glucose levels in these islets. Exendin-4 treatment had less impact on mice fed a normal diet. From these results we conclude that while GLP-1 does not seem to induce beta-cell lipolysis acutely in mouse islets, the peptide affects beta-cell fat metabolism after long-term adaptation to GLP-1 receptor stimulation.     

Crystal Structure of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Complex with the Extracellular Domain of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is an incretin released from intestinal L-cells in response to food intake. Activation of the GLP-1 receptor potentiates the synthesis and release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells in a glucose-dependent manner. The GLP-1 receptor belongs to class B of the G-protein-coupled receptors, a subfamily characterized by a large N-terminal extracellular ligand binding domain. Exendin-4 and GLP-1 are 50% identical, and exendin-4 is a full agonist with similar affinity and potency for the GLP-1 receptor. We recently solved the crystal structure of the GLP-1 receptor extracellular domain in complex with the competitive antagonist exendin-4(9–39). Interestingly, the isolated extracellular domain binds exendin-4 with much higher affinity than the endogenous agonist GLP-1. Here, we have solved the crystal structure of the extracellular domain in complex with GLP-1 to 2.1 Åresolution. The structure shows that important hydrophobic ligand-receptor interactions are conserved in agonist- and antagonist-bound forms of the extracellular domain, but certain residues in the ligand-binding site adopt a GLP-1-specific conformation. GLP-1 is a kinked but continuous α-helix from Thr¹³ to Val³³ when bound to the extracellular domain. We supplemented the crystal structure with site-directed mutagenesis to link the structural information of the isolated extracellular domain with the binding properties of the full-length receptor. The data support the existence of differences in the binding modes of GLP-1 and exendin-4 on the full-length GLP-1 receptor.     

Glucagon-like peptide 1 improved glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its agonists are under assessment in treatment of type 2 diabetes, by virtue of their antidiabetic actions, which include stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon release, and delay of gastric emptying. We examined the potential of GLP-1 to improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes with no endogenous insulin secretion. METHODS: Dose-finding studies were carried out to establish mid range doses for delay of gastric emptying indicated by postponement of pancreatic polypeptide responses after meals. The selected dose of 0.63 micrograms/kg GLP-1 was administered before breakfast and lunch in 8-hour studies in hospital to establish the efficacy and safety of GLP-1. In outside-hospital studies, GLP-1 or vehicle was self-administered double-blind before meals with usual insulin for five consecutive days by five males and three females with well-controlled C-peptide-negative type 1 diabetes. Capillary blood glucose values were self-monitored before meals, at 30 and 60 min after breakfast and supper, and at bedtime. Breakfast tests with GLP-1 were conducted on the day before and on the day after 5-day studies. Paired t-tests and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In 8-hour studies time-averaged incremental (delta) areas under the curves(AUC) for plasma glucose through 8 hours were decreased by GLP-1 compared to vehicle (3.2 PlusMinus; 0.9, mean PlusMinus; se, vs 5.4 PlusMinus; 0.8 mmol/l, p <.05), and for pancreatic polypeptide, an indicator of gastric emptying, through 30 min after meals (4.0 PlusMinus; 3.1 vs 37 PlusMinus; 9.6 pmol/l, p <.05) with no adverse effects. Incremental glucagon levels through 60 min after meals were depressed by GLP-1 compared to vehicle (-3.7 PlusMinus; 2.5 vs 3.1 PlusMinus; 1.9 ng/l, p <.04). In 5-day studies, AUC for capillary blood glucose levels were lower with GLP-1 than with vehicle (-0.64 PlusMinus; 0.33 vs 0.34 PlusMinus; 0.26 mmol/l, p <.05). No assisted episode of hypoglycaemia or change in insulin dosage occurred. Breakfast tests on the days immediately before and after 5-day trials showed no change in the effects of GLP-1. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that subcutaneous GLP-1 can improve glucose control in type 1 diabetes without adverse effects when self-administered before meals with usual insulin during established intensive insulin treatment programs.