炔雌醚对雄性长爪沙鼠不育效果及其可逆性

为探讨炔雌醚对雄性长爪沙鼠生殖器官及繁殖的影响,将试鼠随机分为多剂量组、单剂量组和对照组.多剂量组以每次3.5 m/kg·BW(5次/周,2周)、单剂量组以35 mg/kg·BW炔雌醚灌胃.处理后15 d、30 d、60d、90d剖检,观察性腺系数、精子质量和繁殖率等指标,H·E染色观察附睾组织病理学变化.结果表明:与对照相比,炔雌醚处理后15 d、30 d给药组试鼠睾丸、附睾及精囊腺极度萎缩(P＜0.01),精子密度、精子活力和活精子百分率明显下降(P＜0.01),精子畸形率显著上升(P＜0.01),附睾管腔内充满大量发育异常的精子细胞,繁殖率显著下降;与单次给药相比,多次连续给药对试鼠生殖器官影响更严重.处理后60d,除多剂量组附睾外,各组性腺基本恢复至对照水平,单剂量组、多剂量组精子质量及繁殖率与对照仍有极显著差异(P＜0.01).90d后试鼠各项指标及繁殖率均恢复正常,表现为可逆性.结果表明:该药对长爪沙鼠不育效果明显;多次低剂量给药较单次高剂量给药不育效果更好;90d后,炔雌醚对生殖器官和繁殖的影响能够恢复正常.     

度他雄胺对大鼠附睾精子成熟和生育的影响

目的通过度他雄胺对大鼠附睾精子和生育的影响,探索调节雄性生育的睾丸后作用靶点。方法使用度他雄胺20和40 mg/(kg.d)大鼠灌胃给药,连续2周。给药结束后雄雌鼠按1∶2合笼,计算生殖指数;采用计算机辅助精子分析系统分析精子活力和形态;采用SYBR-14和PI双重荧光染色计算精子存活率;采用Elisa法测定大鼠睾酮(T)和双氢睾酮(DHT)血清浓度;采用HE染色法对各组睾丸、附睾进行组织学分析。结果度他雄胺低、高剂量组双氢睾酮浓度均显著下降,分别为0.54和0.28 nmol/L(P<0.01),精子活力明显降低,分别为39.0%和28.7%(P<0.01),畸形率分别增加为10.3%和15.6%(P<0.05),最后受孕率分别降为62.5%和38.4%。而睾酮水平和交配指数均无明显变化(P>0.05),睾丸和附睾亦无明显病理学改变。结论度他雄胺通过抑制DHT生成,影响附睾精子成熟而导致大鼠不育,为今后男性避孕和不育药物研发提供了新思路。     

雷公藤制剂对雄性长爪沙鼠繁殖功能的影响

为了检测雷公藤制剂对长爪沙鼠繁殖功能的影响,根据预实验结果,将40只雄性长爪沙鼠分为40 mg/kg连续用药4周组(n=16)、100 mg/kg一次给药组(n=10)和1%CMC灌胃对照组(n=14)处理,6周后剖检,比较睾丸、附睾的脏器系数、精子密度、精子活力、精子形态和繁殖率等指标.结果表明40 mg/kg连续用药组鼠的睾丸、附睾脏器系数与对照组比较差异显著;精子密度、精子活力和活精子百分率显著下降;精子畸形率显著上升;繁殖率显著下降(df=1,P<0.05).100 mg/kg一次给药组除附睾脏器系数显著下降、精子畸形率显著上升外,其它指标与对照组无明显差异.该药对长爪沙鼠连续作用4周后不育效果明显,并且具有致畸性,在药物有效范围内,高浓度一次性给药方式不如较低浓度连续多次给药效果显著.     

雷公藤制剂对雄性布氏田鼠的不育作用

采用强制给药和自由取食2种方式,研究了雷公藤制剂对发育期成体雄性布氏田鼠不育作用,给药剂量分别为80 mg/kg、120 mg/kg和160 mg/kg.结果表明,120 mg/kg和160 mg/kg剂量使睾丸脏器系数下降,但剂量组间差异不明显(F(3,21)=2.197, F0.05=3.07,P>0.05).不同剂量能够对附睾中精子数量和活力产生显著影响(F(3,21)=17.305, F0.05=3.07,P<0.05),且随药物剂量的升高精子密度与精子活力均呈下降趋势.精子畸形率亦随药物剂量的增加而增加.80 mg/kg及其更高的剂量使附睾出现萎缩并造成睾丸组织损伤.120 mg/kg剂量可减少布氏田鼠平均胎仔数及降低繁殖率.给药后的繁殖后代未发现畸形幼仔.雷公藤制剂的最佳使用剂量介于120～160 mg/kg.自由取食与连续强制给药两种方式对雄性布氏田鼠的作用差异不显著.     

贵州地区黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征

黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)是贵州地区分布广泛的主要农田害鼠之一,掌握其种群繁殖特征可为种群动态的预测预报提供基础资料。1984~2014年间,采用夹夜法逐月调查了贵州省余庆县8个县(市)监测点黑线姬鼠种群动态数据,分析了其种群性比、雌鼠怀孕率和平均胎仔数、雄鼠睾丸下降率等主要繁殖生物学指标及其地理差异和季节性变动规律,明确了贵州地区黑线姬鼠种群的繁殖特征。共捕获黑线姬鼠20 113只,不同地区种群间,除平均胎仔数有显著差异外(χ~2=36.503,df=7,P0.01),其他繁殖特征值均没有差异。从时间序列看,种群中雌鼠怀孕率和雄鼠睾丸下降率的季节性变化均表现为春季(4~5月)及夏末秋初(8~9月)达到高峰的双峰型。雌鼠产仔数一般2~10只,4~7只最为常见(占93.87%)。不同季节平均胎仔数差异不大。贵州地区黑线姬鼠繁殖的总体特点为全年繁殖,春秋两季为繁殖的高峰期,冬季(12月份和翌年1、2月份)繁殖强度明显低于其他季节(F_(11,84)=61.92,P0.01),但种群密度表现为6月达到最高点的单峰型特点。     

黑线姬鼠种群结构与携带汉坦病毒相关性

汉坦病毒(Hantavirus,HV)是肾综合症出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)的主要病原体之一,HV的主要宿主动物为黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius).针对西安市HFRS的持续高发病率,2010年7月-9月对西安市HFRS 疫区捕获的110只黑线姬鼠(阳性62只)进行年龄、性别鉴定.通过病毒RNA提取分析,发现黑线姬鼠雌雄个体携带病毒无显著差异,但是不同年龄段黑线姬鼠携带汉坦病毒却具有显著差异,年龄结构与病毒携带具有极显著的相关性.     

复方辣木颗粒剂影响雄性小鼠性功能的实验研究

目的观察复方辣木颗粒剂对雄性小鼠性功能的影响。方法建立醋酸铅致雄性小鼠生精障碍模型。将60只实验小鼠分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组和复方辣木颗粒剂高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。给药后,观察小鼠体重、脏器指数、附睾精子活力、精子活率及睾丸的病理形态等。结果复方辣木颗粒剂对醋酸铅致少弱精子症小鼠体重无明显影响,各给药组小鼠附睾系数、睾丸系数、精子活力、精子活率均有所上升,生精细胞和间质细胞数量增多、排列更紧密。各剂量间比较,高剂量效果更显著(均P0.05)。结论复方辣木颗粒剂可显著改善小鼠性功能,为临床合理应用提供有利参考。     

北京地区中华姬鼠与大林姬鼠的数量分类研究

利用主成分分析、系统聚类分析和非参数检验,对采自北京地区的88只姬鼠标本（黑线姬鼠Apodemus agrarius除外）的10个形态分类指标进行了分析,以便确定出最具种问特异性的形态分类特征并给出定量判别标准．结果表明：除黑线姬鼠外,北京地区另有中华姬鼠（A．draco）和大林姬鼠（A．peninsulae）两种姬鼠;门齿孔后缘距上臼齿列前缘水平线的距离（x9）、上领M^1后内侧齿突向舌侧突出的程度（x1）及其与第2横嵴内侧齿突的相对大小（x2）是区分后两种姬鼠的最有效的形态分类指标;3个指标的种间界限大致为：中华姬鼠x9〈0．4mm,01≥0．2mm,x2≥0．6;大林姬鼠x9≥0．4mm,x1〈0．2mm,x2〈0．6．     

黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)的种群繁殖参数及其地理分异特征

黑线姬鼠（Apodemus agrarius）是我国广大地区的主要害鼠之一,是余庆县农田害鼠优势种,占总鼠数的94.81%。探讨其种群繁殖参数的变动规律及其地理分异特征,对其种群数量预测预报具有重要意义。通过对1987-2005年贵州省余庆县黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数分析结果表明：研究期间共解剖标本5497只,其中,雌鼠2698只,雄鼠2799只,黑线姬鼠在当地1-11月份均可繁殖,主要繁殖期在3-10月份,每年4-5月份和8-9月份出现2次妊娠高峰。种群总性比（♀/♂）为0.96,多年平均怀孕率为36.91%±6.79%,平均胎仔数为5.33±1.07只,平均繁殖指数为0.81±0.17,平均睾丸下降率为59.13%±7.89%。不同年龄组种群繁殖力存在显著差异,随着种群年龄的增长繁殖力不断增加,成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组、老年组是种群繁殖的主体。种群繁殖参数不同年度之间比较稳定,不同月份、不同季节之间变化差异较大,具有明显的季节变化特征。年均种群密度与年均繁殖指数呈极显著正相关,与胎仔数显著正相关,与年均怀孕率、睾丸下降率、性比相关性不显著,繁殖指数是影响黑线姬鼠种群密度的重要因子。比较全国各地黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数的地理分异特征认为,黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数具有明显的地理分异现象,胎仔数、生殖强度由南向北逐渐增加,具有随纬度的升高趋向增加的特征;在高纬度地区繁殖时间较短;性比与纬度、经度的变化关系密切;各繁殖参数与海拔的变化相关性不明显,可排除海拔因素的影响。     

唐家河自然保护区高山姬鼠和中华姬鼠夏季生境选择的比较

为揭示影响高山姬鼠和中华姬鼠夏季空间分布的生态因素,采用样线法和样方取样法,于2009年6—8月在四川省唐家河国家级自然保护区内对两种姬鼠的生境选择进行了比较研究。结果表明:两种姬鼠主要利用坡度平缓,郁闭度、落叶层盖度、乔木胸径和高度较小,灌木、竹子和草本密度适中而草本盖度较大的生境;高山姬鼠频繁出现在海拔较低(1400 m左右)、草本植物较大(平均高度为16—30 cm)的生境中,而中华姬鼠频繁出现在海拔较高(1900 m左右)、草本植物较小(平均高度<15 cm)的生境中。此外,高山姬鼠频繁出现在竹林较矮(平均高度<1 m)、水源距离较近(<50 m)、植被演替阶段较低(小树林)的常绿-落叶阔叶混交林中,而中华姬鼠对这4种生态因子无明显的选择性。两种姬鼠在对生境的利用上虽具一定重叠性,但对诸多生境变量选择上的差异表明各自具有不同的生境利用模式。海拔、植被演替阶段、郁闭度和草本高度4个生境变量判别函数系数的绝对值明显大于其他变量,表明高山姬鼠和中华姬鼠在生境上的分割可能主要与这4个变量有关。生境利用模式的不同有助于两种姬鼠同域共存。     

Neonatal estrogen exposure of male rats alters reproductive functions at adulthood

The effects of neonatal exposure to different doses of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the reproductive functions of male rats at adulthood were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats (5-8/group) received sc injections of 25 microl olive oil containing DES (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) at a dose of 10 microg, 1 microg, 100 ng, 10 ng, or 1 ng per rat on alternate days from Postnatal Days 2-12. Control animals received olive oil only. All animals were allowed to develop until 83-91 days of age; however, when they were 70 to 80 days old, four male rats each from the 10 microg, 1 microg, 100 ng, and control groups were cohabited with untreated 60- to 70-day-old females (1:1) for 12 days. At the end of cohabitation, both mated and unmated male rats were weighed, and blood and tissue samples were collected and processed. Results revealed that although sperm motility patterns and sperm morphology were adversely affected in the 10- microg group, other reproductive parameters, including 1). daily sperm production (DSP)/testis; 2). absolute and relative weights of the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle; and 3). sperm numbers in both regions of the epididymis declined significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the 10- and 1- microg groups. Conversely, in the <1- microg groups, none of these parameters (except DSP/testis and weight of the epididymis in the 100-ng group, and sperm numbers in the epididymis of the 100- and 10-ng groups) was different from controls. Generally, plasma testosterone levels decreased in the 10- and 1- microg groups, FSH level increased in the 10-microg group, and prolactin and LH levels were unaltered. In the fertility study, although each male in the 1-microg, 100-ng, and control groups produced a copulatory plug and impregnated a female, none could do so in the 10-microg group. The mean number of pups per litter was reduced to eight in the 1-microg group, in contrast to 15 each in the 100-ng and control groups. In conclusion, exposure of neonatal male rats to DES altered sperm motility patterns, sperm fertility (as evident from the reduced number of pups in the 1-microg group), and sexual behavior (as evident from the absence of copulatory plugs in the 10-microg group) and reduced weights of reproductive organs, DSP/testis, and sperm numbers in the epididymis. Whether these alterations/reductions persist in older rats (6-8 mo of age) is under investigation.     

中华姬鼠与大林姬鼠头骨的几何形态学研究

中华姬鼠Apodemus draco和大林姬鼠A.peninsulae形态与习性相似,北京地区的这两种鼠都存在还是只有大林姬鼠存在一直存在争议.通过新兴的几何形态测量技术对北京地区捕获的137只姬鼠头骨与黑龙汀的9只大林姬鼠头骨进行背面和侧面的形态对比分析.系统聚类分析结果、主成分分析结果和判别函数分析结果显示,北京地...     

Comparison of male reproductive parameters in three rat strains: Dark Agouti, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar

The choice of experimental animal can have a large impact on experimental results, an example is the anecdotal evidence suggesting that Dark Agouti (DA) rats have a lower reproductive capacity than other rat strains. In this paper we report on an investigation into male reproductive characteristics in three rat strains--Wistar, Sprague-Dawley (outbred strains) and DA (an inbred strain). Reproductive organ weights, blood testosterone levels and sperm counts were measured in mature age-matched male rats. DA animals had significantly smaller testis weights than the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar animals, and this did not appear to be related to the overall smaller body mass of the DAs. There were no differences between the three strains in testicular histology or sperm counts (per gram testis). Although there was also no significant difference in epididymal sperm count, the DA animals had a much greater variability in sperm count than the other strains. There were no differences in relative (to body weight) epididymal, seminal vesicle or ventral prostate weights or in the blood testosterone levels. These results suggest that differences in reproductive capacity in DAs are neither the result of morphological differences in the reproductive organs nor in circulating testosterone levels. Sperm production appears to be normal but the lowered testicular weight and variability in epididymal sperm counts suggests that there are other factors in the testicular or epididymal environment which alter male reproductive function.     

Insecticide imidacloprid induces morphological and DNA damage through oxidative toxicity on the reproductive organs of developing male rats

We investigated whether treatment with imidacloprid would induce morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, antioxidant imbalance and apoptosis in the reproductive system of developing male rats. Twenty-four male rats were included in this 90-day study, starting at 7?days of age. The rats were divided into four groups. The first group was used as control. The second, third and fourth groups received oral 0.5-, 2- and 8-mg/kg imidacloprid, respectively. Serum, sperm and testis samples were collected from all groups at the end of the experimental period. The weights of the epididymis, vesicula seminalis, epididymal sperm concentration, body weight gain, testosterone and reduced glutathione values were lower in the imidacloprid-treated groups than that in the controls. All treated groups had increased lipid peroxidation, fatty acid concentrations and higher rates of abnormal sperm. Apoptosis and fragmentation of seminal DNA were higher in rats treated at the two higher doses of imidacloprid. These results show that this compound has a negative effect on sperm and testis of rats. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Abnormal secretion of reproductive hormones and antioxidant status involved in quinestrol-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rat

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of quinestrol, a synthetic oestrogen homologue with reproductive toxicity, on the secretion of reproductive hormones and antioxidant status in adult male rat. Our results showed that quinestrol exposure significantly decreased the weight of the testis, epididymides, seminal vesicle, and prostate, as well as the sperm counts in the cauda epididymis of rats. Quinestrol significantly reduced the size of seminiferous tubules and the total number of spermatogenic cells. Serum testosterone, follitropin, and lutropin were also significantly reduced in a dose-related manner after quinestrol exposure. Meanwhile, the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxide capacity significantly decreased, whereas the malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations significantly increased in the testes. These findings revealed that endocrine disorders of reproductive hormones and oxidative stress may be involved in reproductive toxicity induced by quinestrol in adult male rats.     

蜂桶寨自然保护区中华姬鼠和社鼠肥满度的研究

我们于2008年4~11月对四川蜂桶寨自然保护区内中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)和社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)肥满度在各年龄组及不同季节中的变化进行了研究,并初步分析了影响因素。结果显示：中华姬鼠肥满度在各年龄组中的性别差异不明显;在各年龄组间的差异显著,其变化趋势为老年组＞成年组＞亚成年组＞幼年组,亚成年组及老年组肥满度在各季节间无显著差异,而成年组则差异明显。社鼠肥满度在各年龄组间无显著性差异,亚成年组肥满度在各季节间差异显著,同时成年组及老年组肥满度在季节间无显著差异;二物种,亚成年组、成年组及老年组肥满度与海拔无明显的线性关系。分析认为,繁殖期能量的消耗的增加可能导致中华姬鼠肥满度在繁殖期下降,而社鼠成年及老年个体面对食物资源、能量需求等方面的季节变化,能够通过相应的调节,维持肥满度的稳定。     

长尾姬鼠分类地位的探讨

长期以来长尾姬鼠（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓ ｏｒｅｓｔｅｓ）的分类地位一直不确定。基于在云南中部无量山区采集的大量姬鼠类标本,经单变量和多变量分析,长尾姬鼠明显区别于中华姬鼠（Ａ．ｄｒａｃｏ）。主要鉴别特征在于体长、尾长及尾长与本长的比例,且相关分析表明,该两种的尾长与体长具显著的相关性。而对无量山姬鼠的生态地理分布研究显示,长尾姬鼠与中华姬鼠具完全同域分布,因此认为长尾姬鼠是一有效种。无量山区现有姬鼠３     

Effects of hexavalent chromium on reproductive functions of male adult rats

Hexavalent chromium is an environmental contaminant which may be associated with reproductive abnormalities in male rats. In the present study, we examined the effect of hexavalent chromium on male reproductive function of rats. Male Wistar rats received a daily intraperitoneal injection of potassium dichromate (1 or 2 mg/kg body weight) for fifteen consecutive days. A decrease in testis weight and an increase in seminal vesicles and prostate weights were demonstrated after chromium treatment. Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in blood and testis chromium levels as well as an increase in FSH and a decrease in LH and testosterone serum levels were detected in treated rats. Histological analysis revealed pronounced morphological alterations with enlarged intracellular spaces, tissue loosening and dramatic loss of gametes in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules of treated rats. In addition, a decreased sperm motility and number of epididymal spermatozoa together with an increased sperm abnormality rate was found in chromium-treated rats in comparison to controls. In rats receiving the higher chromium dose, histological images presented considerably increased areas filled with seminal vesicle and prostate secretions. The mucosal crypts of seminal vesicles and the typical invaginations of prostate were altered. The results suggest that subacute treatment of potassium dichromate promotes reproductive system toxicity and affects testicular function of adult male rats.     

长尾姬鼠、中华姬鼠毛髓质指数比较及长尾姬鼠分类地位的探讨

关于长尾姬鼠(Apodemus orestes)的分类地位,一直没有确定。有的认为它是中华姬鼠(A．draco)的一个亚种,而有的认为是一个独立的种。分别从成体长尾姬鼠、中华姬鼠和高山姬鼠(A．chevrieri)(对照)各5只的胡须、头部、背部、腹部、前肢取毛样,清洗和处理后,在倒置显微镜下观察,用目镜测微尺分别测量和计算出其5个部位毛发的毛髓质指数。结果表明：长尾姬鼠与中华姬鼠5个部位及混合毛发的毛髓质指数无显著差异;二者5个部位及混合毛发的毛髓质指数与高山姬鼠均有显著差异。不支持长尾姬鼠作为一个独立种的观点。     

猕猴精浆纤溶酶原激活因子的来源及在精子获能中的作用

我们的前期工作表明,不育症人精液中纤溶酶原激活因子（plasminogen activator;PA）活性明显升高;给成年办和猕猴注射长效睾酮诱发无精过程中,精液PA含量也伴随上升,为进一步查明PA的来源和对精子的作用,原位杂交检测组织型PA（tPA）,尿激酶型PA（uPA）及PA抑制因子－1（PAI-1)泊mRNAs在成年健康猕附睾、前列腺和精囊中的表达。体外培养猕猴精子,培液中加入uPA、tPA及其底物纤溶酶原（plasminogen）,测试PA对精子活力、顶体反应及激活卵子的影响。结果表明,猕猴附睾、前列腺和精囊均表达tPA、uPA和PAI-1 mRNAs。加入uPA能维持精子的活力,使精子产生超激活运动,诱导顶体反应的发生,并使精子获得激活卵子的能力,这说明猕猴精浆PA除来源于睾丸外,可能主要来源于附睾及附性腺;在体外,uPA,而不是tPA,可能诱导精子获能。