化学药剂预处理对小苍兰蕾期切花的保鲜效果

本文探明了8HQC(8—羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐)、STS(硫代硫酸银)、BA(6—苄基腺嘌呤)等化学药剂和蔗糖预处理对蕾期采收的小苍兰切花的保鲜效果。(1)各种药剂处理均可提高开花率及观赏品质,其中8HQC+STS+BA+蔗糖的组合效果最佳,开花率比对照提高37.6％,花径增大5.6毫米,瓶插寿命延长6.9天。(2)药剂预处理明显提高切花耐藏性,经处理的切花经3～5天冷藏后瓶插,其观赏品质和瓶插寿命仍显著高于未经处理和冷藏的对照组。品种间的耐藏性有差异。作者认为,药剂处理的显著作用之一是改善了切花体内的水份状况。     

保鲜剂及冷藏对鹤望兰切花瓶插品质的影响

本文探讨不同保鲜剂、预处理液及冷藏时间对鹤望兰切花瓶插寿命和观赏品质的影响。结果表明,供试的8组瓶插保鲜液中,以配方5% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+100 mg/L CA+150 mg/L STS+100 mg/L CoCl₂+25 mg/L EDTA-Na保鲜效果最佳,切花瓶插寿命(23.5 d)比CK延长15.2 d,小花开放率(56.1%)比CK提高1.19倍。供试的5组冷藏预处理液中,以10% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+75 mg/L KH₂PO₄·3H₂O效果最佳,切花经过2~3周8~10℃冷藏后,瓶插寿命(13.7 d)比CK延长7.9 d,小花开放率(43.6%)比CK提高98.2%;该处理组鹤望兰切花的适宜冷藏时间可延长为3周。     

保鲜剂对晚香玉切花的保鲜效应

以晚香玉切花为材料,用蔗糖、6-BA、8-HQC和酒石酸按四因素三水平的正交设计配制保鲜液,通过测定瓶插寿命、小花开放率、鲜重、可溶性糖和电导率,研究不同保鲜剂的保鲜效果。结果表明：与对照相比,各处理均能不同程度地延缓切花衰老,其中处理9即12g.L^-1蔗糖＋60mg·L^-16-BA＋400mg·L^-18-HQC＋100mg·L^-1酒石酸效果最好,花枝瓶插寿命比对照长6d,70％的小花开放,其他指标均明显优于对照,是晚香玉切花较好的保鲜配方。     

玫瑰切花保鲜剂配方研究

以蔗糖(S)、8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)、柠檬酸(CA)为保鲜液的基本配方,分别加入CaCl2 、NaCl、Al2(SO4)3、CaCl2+KAl(SO4)2 组成四种保鲜液,进行玫瑰切花保鲜实验。对切花瓶插寿命、花径、水分平衡值、可溶性蛋白含量和还原糖含量进行分析。结果表明,各种配方保鲜液均能延长玫瑰切花的瓶插寿命、增大花径、改善切花水分代谢状况、降低切花蛋白质和还原糖的分解速度。其中,保鲜液2% S + 280 mg/L CA + 200 mg/L 8-HQ + 1% CaCl2的保鲜效果最好。     

表面活性剂对香石竹切花保鲜效果的研究

目的:解决香石竹采后运输和瓶插过程中花朵衰老问题.方法:研究表面活性剂对香石竹切花保鲜效果,测定瓶插期间的花枝鲜重、花朵直径、SOD活性.结果:由蔗糖25mg/L+柠檬酸200mg/L+8-HQ 200mg/L+吐温0.01%组成的保鲜剂配方,比对照能延长切花瓶插寿命11.4d.结论:在保鲜剂配方中可以使用表面活性剂(如吐温)等物质,其浓度控制在0.01%范围内.     

满天星切花保鲜技术研究

本实验对化学药剂处理后满天星切花在瓶插期间的寿命、品质、PH值等进行了研究.结果表明,本实验所用的保鲜剂对满天星切花具有较好的保鲜效果.可生长其瓶插寿命3—5天,且能提高观赏品质和开花率;经保鲜剂处理后,切花显著增重;随着瓶插时间的延长,PH值有增大的趋;结合包装、致冷剂等其它处理,可使满天星切花保鲜10天左右.     

表油菜素内酯对月季切花保鲜作用的研究

本文初步探讨了表油菜素内酯（epiBR）对瓶插月季切花的保鲜作用。与对照（蒸馏水）和基本液（2％蔗糖＋500mgL-1柠檬酸＋250mgL-8-羟基喹啉＋25mgAgNO3）相比,经epiBR处理（基本液＋0．1mgL-1epiBR）的月季切花花枝坚挺,蓝变延迟,瓶插寿命延长1-1.5倍。测定有关生理指标表明,epiBR处理对月季切花瓶插花枝前期鲜重的增加及后期的保持有明显作用。并显著延缓花瓣和叶片质膜相对透性的增加,还能使瓶插前期花瓣还原糖含量增加。epiBR处理对花瓣蛋白质和叶片叶绿素含量变化无明显影响,而对花瓣花青素水平下降有轻微的促进作用。     

烯效唑（S-3307）对非洲菊切花保鲜的影响

以非洲菊(GerberajamesoniiBolus)切花为材料,以保鲜基本液(BP,20gL-1蔗糖 200mgL-1柠檬酸 150mgL-18-羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐)和添加30mgL-1烯效唑(S-3307)的基本液(BP S-3307)作对比实验,通过对切花外部形态观察和切花衰老过程中一些生理生化指标测定,探讨了S-3307对非洲菊切花的保鲜效果。结果表明,S-3307处理使切花的瓶插寿命比对照(蒸馏水)延长了4.3d,比BP处理延长了2.3d,而弯颈率分别仅为对照和BP处理的9.6%和28.8%。说明S-3307可增强切花的吸水能力,增加花枝的鲜重,延缓了切花花瓣中蛋白质的降解和抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活性的下降,并减少了游离脯氨酸和MDA的积累,维持膜结构的相对稳定性,从而延缓了非洲菊切花的衰老和提高了切花瓶插期间的观赏品质。     

不同保鲜剂对香石竹切花的保鲜效果

3种保鲜剂均能不同程度地增加切花鲜重,增大花径,改善切花体内的水分状况,降低过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延长瓶插寿命,其中以保鲜剂3(40mg·L~(-1)苯甲酸+50mg·L~(-1)AgNO_3+3％蔗糖+200mg·L~(-1)8-HQ)的保鲜效果最好。     

长安麦饭石在月季切花上的保鲜效果

在40g/L蔗糖＋50mg/L SA 100mg/L Vc的保鲜液中,加入37μS/cm的长安麦饭石（CHMS）,能更好的保持月季切花较高的吸水能力,增强切花花朵膜损伤修复能力,增大花朵开放直径,增加盛开前花枝的鲜重,提高切花瓶插期的观赏品质,延长瓶插寿命。本试验也证明了水杨酸（SA）与8－羟基喹啉（8－HQ）对月季切花有相似的保鲜效果。     

Evaluation of several holding solutions for prolonging vase-life and keeping quality of cut sweet pea flowers (Lathyrus odoratus L.)

Cut spikes of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) were kept in 2% sucrose, 200 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), pulsing treatment with 200 ppm 8-HQS in combination with 2% sucrose for 12 h, pulsing the spikes with 0.2 mM silver thiosulfate (STS) for 1 h and pulsing with 0.2 mM STS for 1 h followed by 2% sucrose solution. Therefore, this study aimed to see their effects on keeping quality and vase-life of the cut flowers. A control (deionized water) and a standard preservative were also included in the experiment. The results showed that all treatments had improved the keeping quality and vase-life of the cut flowers comparing to control ones. Among all these treatments, the 8-HQS combined with 2% sucrose showed the best water uptake, water balance, percentage of maximum increase in fresh weight of the cut flower stems and vase-life which was extended up to 17 days. Moreover, this keeping solution retarded the chlorophyll as well as carbohydrate degradation. However, anthocyanin concentrations were increased by treatments with sucrose alone or STS followed by sucrose during the postharvest life. It has been concluded that 200 ppm 8-HQS combined with 2% sucrose solution has the potential to be used as a commercial cut flower preservative solution to delay flower senescence, enhance post harvest quality and prolong the vase-life of sweet pea cut flowers.     

γ射线紫外线镰刀菌产生玉米赤霉烯酮毒素的影响

锭刀菌(Fusarium)经γ射线、紫外线辐射诱变后,接种于大米培养基中.经10℃低温产毒培养.采用薄层层析方法定性定量分析培养物中的镀刀菌毒素—玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone简称ZEA).结果表明:不同菌株对诱变剂的反应不同.产毒菌株NF5232、NF5946在较大剂量γ射线处理后,ZEA产量显著增加,但其产生的色素量下降.或者用紫外线处理,仍然产生ZEA.不产毒菌株NF6127、NF6123、NP6138和HD—002,经γ射线或紫外线处理后仍不产生ZEA.由此可知镰刀菌产生ZEA毒素的能力是相对稳定的,其产毒机制是由菌株本身的遗传特性决定的,一定剂量的γ射线可使低产毒菌株变为高产毒菌株.     

Effects of postharvest pretreatments and preservative solutions on vase life longevity and flower quality of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.)

The effects of postharvest pretreatments on vase life, keeping quality and carbohydrate concentrations in cut sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) flowers were investigated. Compared to the control, all treatments promoted floret quality and extended longevity. The cut flowers held in the solution containing sucrose + 8-hydroxyquinoline (Suc+HQS) was more effective in promoting absorption rate, achieved greater maximum fresh mass, had better water balance for a longer period, extended the vase life (up to 17 d), and delayed degradation of chlorophylls. The same treatment also enhanced the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in the petals and stems and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, whereas it was lowest in silver thiosulphate (STS) treatment. However, concentrations of anthocyanin in the petals were higher for treatment with sucrose or STS plus sucrose than in control or STS alone treatments. Our results suggest that pulse treatment with HQS plus sucrose for 12 h is the most effective for improving pigmentation and use as a commercial cut flower preservative solution to delay flower senescence, enhance quality, and prolong the vase life of sweet pea. The results also showed that soluble carbohydrate concentration in petals and stems is an important factor in determining the vase life of sweet pea flowers.     

不同保鲜剂对大花飞燕草切花生理特性的影响

以大花飞燕草‘夏季天空’切花为材料,以清水为对照,采用14种不同保鲜剂对其进行保鲜处理。结果表明,SOD活性总体变化先上升再下降;CAT活性变化与SOD类似;POD活性,6-体呈上升趋势;MDA含量呈波动上升趋势;Pro含量呈先减少后又波动增加;可溶性蛋白质含量先增后减。同时发现各保鲜剂均能不同程度延长大花飞燕草切花的瓶插寿命,提升酶促系统的综合作用,降低MDATZPro含量,减缓蛋白质降解,延缓切花衰老,提高观赏品质,其中以保鲜剂1％蔗糖＋200mg·L-1 8-HQS＋50mg·L-1 AgNO3＋50mg·L-1 Al2（SO4）3保鲜效果最佳。     

木醋液对鲜切麝香百合的保鲜效应

以木醋液为保鲜液,对鲜切麝香百合进行瓶插保鲜的结果表明：木醋液能增强麝香百合吸收保鲜液的能力,延长其盛花期和瓶插寿命,增强过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低麝香百合瓶插期间的丙二醛（MDA）含量和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,延缓其衰老,其中以3．4g·L^-1木醋液对鲜切百合的保鲜效应最好。     

保鲜剂对香石竹切花形态结构的影响

以对水质较为敏感的香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus L．)为材料,用糖、苯甲酸钠等配制保鲜剂,观察保鲜剂对香石竹形态结构的影响和细胞内淀粉粒的变化。结果表明：用保鲜剂处理过的切花,花朵增大,花色鲜艳,茎、叶、花瓣、子房壁、胚珠等组织细胞壁出现皱缩的时间延迟,细胞内含淀粉粒的时间也较长。苯甲酸钠的保鲜效果优于硝酸银。     

THE EFFECT OF SUCROSE SPRAYING ON SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY BEET YELLOWS VIRUS IN SUGAR BEET

When leaves of sugar-beet plants infected with beet yellows virus were sprayed daily with 10% sucrose solution, yellowing symptoms were intensified. When glasshouse plants were shaded so that the light intensity was reduced to less than half of full daylight, yellowing symptoms were suppressed more completely on un-sprayed than on sprayed plants. Spraying with 2–5 % sucrose solution had similar, but slightly smaller effects.
Spraying with sucrose solution increased the carbohydrate content of the leaves, and the effects on symptom intensity and carbohydrate content were closely correlated. The regression coefficients of symptom score on total sugar content were nearly the same for shaded and unshaded plants. As the severity of symptoms was increased by supplying carbohydrate without change in the light conditions, it is concluded that light intensity affects symptom expression by varying the carbohydrate content of the leaves through its influence on photosynthesis.
Sucrose spraying increased the yield of roots of healthy and infected plants, and most of the increase was sucrose. This shows that sprayed sugar was translocated to the roots from the leaves of both healthy and infected plants.
Measurements of changes in carbohydrate content between evening and morning samplings confirmed that movement of carbohydrate out of infected leaves is not stopped by infection.