HIV—1Gag蛋白在大肠杆菌和重组杆状病毒系统中的高效表达及通用型 …

将中国株ＨＩＶ－１Ｂ亚型ｇａｇ全基因序列,克隆杆状病毒表达载体ｐｆａｓｔｂａｃＩ中,构建了重组质粒ｐｆａｓｔＧａｇ,利用细菌／杆状病毒表达和筛选重组杆状病毒,在昆虫细胞中高效表达ＨＩＶ－１Ｇａｇ蛋白。通过改造原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０和ｐＥＴ２８,构建了一种新的通用型温控原核表达载体质粒ｐＶＶ５,该载体携带ＰｒＰｌ串联温控启动子及Ｈｉｓ－Ｔａｇ纯化标签,利于目的的蛋白表达与纯化。     

HIV—1长末端重复序列对重组痘苗病毒表达Gag蛋白的影响

将系列缺失的ＨＩＶ１长末端重复序列（ＬＴＲ）和全长的ｇａｇＯＲＦ置于痘苗病毒载体中,经同源重组和血球吸附试验,成功地构建了６株重组痘苗病毒。免疫印迹和免疫酶试验检测均表明,６株重组病毒的Ｇａｇ蛋白表达量因ＬＴＲ不同而有明显差异,表明ＨＩＶ１的ＬＴＲ及其下游基因置于痘病毒启动子控制下,在痘苗病毒中表达时有下述特点：（１）不同的痘苗病毒启动子与全长ＬＴＲ相互作用,对ｇａｇ基因表达有显著不同的调控效果;（２）ＮＲ序列对Ｇａｇ蛋白表达没有明显影响;（３）ＥＮ序列不能被重组痘苗病毒表达系统识别;（４）ＴＡＲ序列可提高Ｇａｇ蛋白的表达量;（５）Ｕ５区及下游非翻译序列不影响Ｇａｇ蛋白的表达。     

HIV—1核蛋白p24在昆虫细胞中的表达

将完整的ＨＩＶ－１ ｐ２４基因克隆到杆状病毒转移质粒中,使用重组转移质粒与野生型杆状病毒ＤＮＡ共转染Ｓｆ９昆虫细胞,经筛选获得带有编码ｐ２４基因的重组杆状病毒。重组杆状病毒感染Ｓｆ９细胞后在细胞中表达了ＨＩＶ核蛋白ｐ２４。其重组蛋白的分子量为２４ｋＤ。此重组糖蛋白在免疫荧光,免疫印染和酶联免疫实验中都能被人ＨＩＶ－１阳性血清和单克隆抗体所识别。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)核心蛋白(p24)在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及鉴定

在大肠杆菌中,利用新构建的含Ｔ７噬菌体ｇ－１０核糖体结合位点（ＲＢＳ）,以及λ噬菌体ＰＲ启动子的新型原核表达载体,通过表达ｇａｇ－ｐｏｌ基因片段,获得了具有天然序列的人类免疫缺陷病毒１型（ＨＩＶ－１）核心蛋白ｐ２４（ＣＡ）的高效表达。克隆的ｇａｇ－ｐｏｌ基因片段在其阅读框架移位区域插入了４ｂｐ碱基,其表达的病毒蛋白酶在阅读框架上与ｇａｇ一致,从而实现了对ｇａｇ－ｐｏｌ融合蛋白的有效加工,产生成熟的核心蛋白ｐ２４及其它产物。重组ｐ２４以可溶形式存在,可以被抗ｐ２４的单克隆抗体特异识别。测定的Ｎ－端７个氨基酸序列与从病毒纯化的ｐ２４完全一致,在使用硫酸铵沉淀后,采用两步离子柱层析,可将重组蛋白纯化到９５％以上的纯度。ＥＬＩＳＡ分析表明,纯化的ｐ２４可以作为特异性很强的试剂而用于ＨＩＶ感染的诊断及病情的预后,并可用于ｐ２４的生化及结构分析。     

人I型免疫缺陷病毒gag—env嵌合基因在重组痘苗中的表达

Ｇａｇ和Ｅｎｖ蛋白是人Ｉ型免疫缺陷病毒（Ｈｕｍａｎ ｉｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｔｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ ｖｉｒｕｓ ｔｙｐｅ １,ＨＩＶ－１）的结构蛋白,是ＨＩＶ－１诱导机体产生体液免疫和细胞免疫的主要抗原。本实验通过多交亚克隆,将ｅｎｖ基因以正确的三联密码读框插入ｇａｇ基因的下游制备了ＨＩＶ－１ ｇａｇ－ｅｎｖ嵌合基因,并将嵌合基因分别置于痘苗病毒ｐ７．５启动子和牛痘病毒Ａ型包涵体（ＡＴＩ）启动子的下游,经过同源     

HIV-1型核衣壳蛋白P24截短体在大肠杆菌中的表达,纯化和鉴定

用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）从ＨＩＶ １ｇａｇ基因中扩增出衣壳蛋白Ｐ２４截短体（ｔＰ２４）基因,插入质粒ｐＧＥＸ ４Ｔ３中构成重组表达质粒ｐＧＥＸ ｔｐ２４,将ｐＧＥＸ ｔｐ２４转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１后获得了高效表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白量的３４３８％。经Ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲和层析纯化的截短体Ｐ２４纯度为９２７７％。纯化的截短体Ｐ２４在间接ＥＬＩＳＡ和免疫印迹检测ＨＩＶ抗体阳性血清和正常人血清中,具有很高的抗原特异性和免疫反应性。     

Ⅰ型人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV—1）逆转录酶在大杆菌中的表达及其初步纯化

Ⅰ型人免疫缺陷病毒逆转录酶在抗感染及ＡＩＤＳ治疗药物的设计中是一个重要的靶分子,并且可作为工具酶应用于逆转录ＰＣＲ等分子生物学研究中。本研究将ＨＩＶ－１ＲＴ基因经ＰＣＲ扩增并修饰后克隆入大杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０,所获重组子所表达的ＨＩＶ－１ＲＴ蛋白占菌体总蛋白的８％左右,且经〔＾３Ｈ〕ｄＴＴＰ掺入法证实该重组ＨＩＶ－１ＲＴ具有ＲＴ聚合酶活性。用Ｑ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ层析柱对重组ＨＩＶ－１ＲＴ蛋白     

HIV—1 p24蛋白在大肠肝菌中的高效可溶性表达,一步纯化抗原性分析

合成引物扩增ＨＩＶ－１ ｐ２４基因,并将其克隆到ｐＱＥ－３０质粒中,使其在大肠杆菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ Ｍ１５中以ＩＰＴＧＨ诱导高效它ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,该表达产物约占菌体总蛋白２０％,并且以可溶蛋白的形式存在于细菌裂解液上清之中。经镍离子柱亲和层一步纯化,洗脱产物中ｐ２４蛋白纯度达９５％。ＥＬＩＳＡ分析表明,该蛋白可与ＨＩＶ感染者血肖发生物异改正 免疫反应。以此蛋白交联Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ,新和层     

HIV—1 SF2株env基因（120）在大肠杆菌中的表达

运用基因重组技术,将ＨＩＶ－１ ＳＦ２株编码外膜蛋白ｇｐ１２０的ｅｎｖ基因片段与原核载体ｐＢＶ２２０进行重组,构建成质粒ｐＢＶＳＦ２ｅｎｖ,并在大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ＣｏｉｌＤＨ１０ｂ）中获得表达,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｍｂｌｏｔ反应证实,该重组蛋白与来自ＨＩＶ－１感染者的血清（含多克隆抗体）发生特异性反应。     

用T-A载体克隆技术构建丙肝病毒C+E1区真核表达质粒pSVL-HCV/C+E1

用ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｎｄＩＩ将丙肝病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１ＤＮＡ片段从其克隆载体ｐＧＥＭ３ｚｆ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１上切下,经Ｔａｑ酶补齐３’末端后插入到载体ｐＳＶＬ－Ｔ中,构建成丙肝病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１真核表达载体ｐＳＶＬ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１。本实验中重组效率达６４．７％（１１／１７）,正向插入为５０％（２／４）。     

HIV-1 Gag p17-p24在痘苗病毒中的表达及性质研究

研究了重组痘苗病毒表达的HIV1核心蛋白(Gag)p17p24蛋白的一些生物学及免疫学特点。间接免疫荧光、DotELISA及Westernblot结果表明,构建的两株重组病毒分别表达了HIV1Gagp24及p17p24融合蛋白。电镜观察证实,Gagp24及p1724重组蛋白均可形成病毒样粒子。重组病毒可诱导小鼠产生抗HIV1Gagp24抗体。重组病毒感染BHK21细胞后,可见由于细胞凋亡而致的染色体DNA断裂“梯子”电泳图。     

Formation of virus-like particles by HIV-1 Gag proteins, expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus

Monkey kidney cells CV-1 were infected with recombinant vaccinia virus carrying HIV-1 gag gene with a deletion of 230 nucleotide pairs from the 3'-terminus. The main gene product detected in the lysates of infected cells was the gag precursor rp50. The protein was accumulated on the cell membranes suggesting that it had a myristylated N-terminus, and was cleaved by a recombinant virus specific protease with the formation of two proteins, p17 and p24 corresponding in molecular masses to mature gag proteins. Virus-like particles similar to immature HIV virions were budding from the surface of infected cells. They look like the ring of optically dense material covered with a lipid bilayer, of the same size (100-120 nm) and of the same density in a sucrose gradient (1.16-1.18 g/ml) as HIV-1 virions. The particles contained rp50 and cellular heterogeneous RNA. Thus, the unprocessed gag precursor with deleted 77 amino acid residues from the C-terminus is able to form virus-like particles in the absence of env proteins and virus-specific RNA, and these particles are budding from the cell surface. The question about the use of extracellular Gag-particles for AIDS diagnostic work and construction of vaccines is discussed.     

Identification of protein intermediates in the processing of the p55 HIV-1 gag precursor in cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus

We have used a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) which expresses high levels of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gag proteins to analyze the processing pathway of the gag p55 precursor. HIV-1 gag proteins were isolated from [3H]leucine-labeled VV:gag-infected H9 T lymphocytes by immunoprecipitation with either anti-p24, anti-p17, or anti-p6 antibodies. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that processing of the p55 precursor involves three major intermediates (p41a, p41b, and p39). The p41a and p39 proteins contain the p17 and p24 protein segments, and the p41b is comprised of p24 and p15 segments. On two-dimensional gels, each intermediate as well as the mature p24 and p17 proteins migrated as distinct species. [3H]Myristic acid labeling of the HIV-1 gag proteins revealed that in addition to p55 and p17, the p41a and p39 intermediates, but not p41b, are myristylated, confirming that myristylation occurs at the NH2 terminus before cleavage of the p55 precursor protein. We conclude that the myristylated HIV-1 gag p55 precursor is initially cleaved at random either at the p17/p24 junction or at two sites between p24 and p15 proteins, resulting in three intermediates (p41a, p41b, and p39) which are subsequently cleaved to yield mature gag proteins.     

Localization of the Vpx packaging signal within the C terminus of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Gag precursor protein.

Viral protein X (Vpx) is a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus accessory protein that is packaged into virions in molar amounts equivalent to Gag proteins. To delineate the processes of virus assembly that mediate Vpx packaging, we used a recombinant vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase system to facilitate Gag protein expression, particle assembly, and extracellular release. HIV genes were placed under control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter and transfected into HeLa cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. Western immunoblot analysis detected p55gag and its cleavage products p39 and p27 in purified particles derived by expression of gag and gag-pol, respectively. In trans expression of vpx with either HIV-2 gag or gag-pol gave rise to virus-like particles that contained Vpx in amounts similar to that detected in HIV-2 virus produced from productively infected T cells. Using C-terminal deletion and truncation mutants of HIV-2 Gag, we mapped the p15 coding sequence for determinants of Vpx packaging. This analysis revealed a region (residues 439 to 497) downstream of the nucleocapsid protein (NC) required for incorporation of Vpx into virions. HIV-1/HIV-2 gag chimeras were constructed to further characterize the requirements for incorporation of Vpx into virions. Chimeric HIV-1/HIV-2 Gag particles consisting of HIV-1 p17 and p24 fused in frame at the C terminus with HIV-2 p15 effectively incorporate Vpx, while chimeric HIV-2/HIV-1 Gag particles consisting of HIV-2 p17 and p27 fused in frame at the C terminus with HIV-1 p15 do not. Expression of a 68-amino-acid sequence of HIV-2 containing residues 439 to 497 fused to the coding regions of HIV-1 p17 and p24 also produced virus-like particles capable of packaging Vpx in amounts similar to that of full-length HIV-2 Gag. Sucrose gradient analysis confirmed particle association of Vpx and Gag proteins. These results demonstrate that the HIV-2 Gag precursor (p55) regulates incorporation of Vpx into virions and indicates that the packaging signal is located within residues 439 to 497.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型Gag前体蛋白片段在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及鉴定

利用新型原核表达载体pDOG,在大肠杆菌中高效表达了人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)gag基因片段。表达载体利用λPR启动子以及T7g-10的RBS来有效起始表达基因的翻译。表达片段PG1包括p17C-端13个氨基酸、整个p24以及p15N-端74个氨基酸。与PG1相比,PG2片段不含有p17序列,并缺失了p24N-端77个氨基酸。两者的表达量均占总菌体蛋白的20％以上。重组蛋白以包涵体形式存在,在提取包涵体后,经过一步离子柱层析,可以纯化到90％以上的纯度。PG1可被一株抗p24的单抗特异识别,而PG2则不能。纯化的重组蛋白能与HIV-1阳性血清发生很强的特异反应,可以用于HIV-1抗体检测中。     

Development of HIV/AIDS vaccine using chimeric gag-env virus-like particles

We attempted to develop a candidate HIV/AIDS vaccine, by using unprocessed HIV-2 gag pr45 precursor protein. We found that a 45 kDa unprocessed HIV-2 gag precursor protein (pr45), with a deletion of a portion of the viral protease, assembles as virus-like particles (VLP). We mapped the functional domain of HIV-2 gag VLP formation in order to find the minimum length of gag protein to form VLP. A series of deletion mutants was constructed by sequentially removing the C-terminal region of HIV-2 gag precursor protein and expressed truncated genes in Spodoptera frugiperda (SF) cells by infecting recombinant baculoviruses. We found that deletion of up to 143 amino acids at the C-terminus of HIV-2 gag, leaving 376 amino acids at the N-terminus of the protein, did not affect VLP formation. There is a proline-rich region at the amino acid positions 373 to 377 of HIV-2 gag, and replacement of these proline residues by site-directed mutagenesis completely abolished VLP assembly. Our data demonstrate that the C-terminal p12 region of HIV-2 gag precursor protein, and zinc finger domains, are dispensable for gag VLP assembly, but the presence of at least one of the three prolines at amino acid positions 373, 375 or 377 of HIV-2NIH-Z is required for VLP formation. Animals immunized with these gag particles produced high titer antibodies and Western blot analyses showed that anti-gag pr45 rabbit sera react with p17, p24 and p55 gag proteins of HIV-1. We then constructed chimeric gag genes, which carry the hypervariable V3 region of HIV-1 gp120, because the V3 loop is known to interact with chemokine receptor as a coreceptor, and known to induce the major neutralizing antibodies and stimulate the cytoxic T lymphocyte responses in humans and mice. We expressed chimeric fusion protein of HIV-2 gag with 3 tandem copies of consensus V3 domain that were derived from 245 different isolates of HIV-1. In addition, we also constructed and expressed chimeric fusion protein that contains HIV-2 gag with V3 domains of HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1MN, HIV-1SF2 and HIV-1RF. The chimeric gag-env particles had a spherical morphology, and the size was slightly larger than that of a gag particle. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses show that these chimeric proteins were recognized by HIV-1 positive human sera and antisera raised against V3 peptides, as well as by rabbit anti-gp120 serum. We obtained virus neutralizing antibodies in rabbits by immunizing these gag-env VLPs. In addition, we found that gag-env chimeric VLPs induce a strong CTL activity against V3 peptide-treated target cells. Our results indicate that V3 peptides from all major clades of HIV-1 carried by HIV-2 gag can be used as a potential HIV/AIDS vaccine.     

Cell-mediated immune response toward viral envelope and core antigens in gibbon apes (Hylobates lar) chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1

The specific cellular immune response toward envelope and core proteins of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) was investigated in gibbon apes chronically infected with the HTLV-IIIB isolate. After in vitro stimulation of PBMC from infected and control animals with HIV-1 Ag, DNA synthesis, IL-2R expression and IL-2 release were assayed. Cells from infected gibbon apes demonstrated a group-specific response toward whole virus preparations from three divergent HIV-1 isolates (HTLV-IIIB, HTLV-IIIRF, HTLV-IIIMN). Consistent responses were also detected against purified HIV-1 Ag, i.e., native gp120 envelope glycoprotein, recombinant gp160 glycoprotein, a synthetic peptide (peptide 7) representing a highly conserved region of gp120, and purified native core protein p24. In addition, lymphocytes from infected gibbon apes displayed a specific, MHC-restricted, cytotoxic activity against autologous cells expressing HIV-1 envelope or gag proteins. The specific T cell reactivity toward HIV-1 proteins observed in infected gibbons contrasts with findings in HIV-1 infected humans, and may help to explain the apparent discrepancy in the natural history of the infection between the two species.     

Mycobacterial codon optimization enhances antigen expression and virus-specific immune responses in recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag

Although its potential for vaccine development is already known, the introduction of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genes to Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has thus far elicited only limited responses. In order to improve the expression levels, we optimized the codon usage of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen gene of gag (p24 gag) and established a codon-optimized recombinant BCG (rBCG)-p24 Gag which expressed a 40-fold-higher level of p24 Gag than did that of nonoptimized rBCG-p24 Gag. Inoculation of mice with the codon-optimized rBCG-p24 Gag elicited effective immunity, as evidenced by virus-specific lymphocyte proliferation, gamma interferon ELISPOT cell induction, and antibody production. In contrast, inoculation of animals with the nonoptimized rBCG-p24 Gag induced only low levels of immune responses. Furthermore, a dose as small as 0.01 mg of the codon-optimized rBCG per animal proved capable of eliciting immune responses, suggesting that even low doses of a codon-optimized rBCG-based vaccine could effectively elicit HIV-1-specific immune responses.