壳聚糖固定化真菌漆酶及其用于处理酚类污染物的研究

Trametessp. AH282在液体培养条件下经邻甲苯胺诱导能有效合成漆酶同工酶A。以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂进行了漆酶A的固定化研究,确定酶固定化适宜条件为：0.1g壳聚糖与15 mL 5%戊二醛交联8 h后,加入30.0U酶固定12h。在此条件下获得的固定化漆酶催化能力为176.4U/g载体,酶活回收率58.5%。与游离酶相比,固定化漆酶与作用底物愈创木酚的亲和力降低,但固定化酶的稳定性有明显改善。固定化漆酶的最适温度为55℃,比游离酶提高5℃;70℃条件下保温8 h,固定化酶保留酶活56.5%,而在相同条件下游离酶酶活明显下降。使用固定化漆酶反应装置进行酚类化合物转化实验,连续进行12批次操作,固定化酶酶活仍保持60%以上,漆酶使用效率明显提高。     

吸附-交联法固定D-泛解酸内酯水解酶的研究

选择6种吸附树脂和离子交换树脂对D-泛解酸内酯水解酶进行固定化,筛选出了固定化效果较好的大孔弱碱性丙烯酸系阴离子交换树脂D-380为载体,用先吸附后交联的方法固定化。通过实验对固定化条件进行了优化,得出最佳的固定化条件为：加酶量6U／g树脂、吸附pH7．5、吸附时间4h、吸附温度30℃、交联剂戊二醛终浓度0．1％、交联时间2h。实验表明在此条件下制得的固定化酶有很好的稳定性：固定化酶在连续20次的底物水解反应后,剩余酶活达到71％。当温度达到80℃时游离酶几乎失去酶活,而固定化酶剩余酶活为60％以上。游离酶的pH稳定性范围为pH7～8,而固定化酶为pH6．5～8．5。     

接枝淀粉载体固定化糖化酶的研究

合成了淀粉接枝丙烯腈及丙烯酰胺的两亲性高分子化合物,并以此为载体,用物理吸附方法固定化了糖化酶。最适偶联条件研究表明：缓冲液的浓度,ｐＨ值及吸附时间和加酶量都对固定化酶活力,比活有一定的影响。在最适固定化条件下,固定化酶的活力为１５００Ｕ／ｇ干胶,蛋白载量为２５ｍｇ／ｇ干胶,比活为６０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,比天然酶的比活（８．０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白）提高６倍。最适反应温度比天然酶提高１０℃（天然酶最适反应温度为５０℃）．无底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２４ｈ,而天然酶只有１ｈ;有底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２２０ｈ,４５℃的操作半衰期由外推法算得为６９天,而且该载体对糖化酶有一定的保护作用,当固定化酶在低于５５℃热处理一段时间后,对酶活力有激活作用,酶活力最大可提高４０％。该载体合成简单,固定化方法简单,步骤少,因而为工业上应用提供了一种新的可能性。     

接枝淀粉载体固定化糖化酶的研究

合成了淀粉接枝丙烯腈及烯酰胺的两亲性高分子化合物,并以此为载体,用物理吸附方法固定化了糖化酶,最适偶联条件研究表明：缓冲液的浓度,ＰＨ值及吸附时间和加酶量都对固定化酶活力,比活有一定的影响,有最适固定化条件下,固定化酶的活力为１５００Ｕ／ｇ干胶,蛋白载量为２５ｍｇ／ｇ干胶,比活为６０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,比天然酶的比活提高６倍,最适反应温度比天然酶提高１０℃。无底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２４ｈ     

Immobilization of D-lactonohydrolase by adsorption-crosslinking method

选择6种吸附树脂和离子交换树脂对D-泛解酸内酯水解酶进行固定化,筛选出了固定化效果较好的大孔弱碱性丙烯酸系阴离子交换树脂D-380为载体,用先吸附后交联的方法固定化.通过实验对固定化条件进行了优化,得出最佳的固定化条件为:加酶量6 U/g树脂、吸附pH7.5、吸附时间4h、吸附温度30℃、交联剂戊二醛终浓度0.1％、交联时间2h.实验表明在此条件下制得的固定化酶有很好的稳定性:固定化酶在连续20次的底物水解反应后,剩余酶活达到71％.当温度达到80℃时游离酶几乎失去酶活,而固定化酶剩余酶活为60％以上.游离酶的pH稳定性范围为pH7～8,而固定化酶为pH 6.5～8.5.     

以Fe(Ⅲ)改性胶原纤维为载体固定过氧化氢酶

将胶原纤维用三价铁改性后作为载体,通过戊二醛的交联作用将过氧化氢酶固定在该载体上.制备的固定化过氧化氢酶蛋白固载量为16.7 mg/g,酶活收率为35％.研究了固定化酶与自由酶的最适pH、最适温度、热稳定性、贮存稳定性及操作稳定性.结果表明:过氧化氢酶经此法固定化后,最适pH及最适温度与自由酶相同,分别为pH 7.0和25℃;但固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,在75℃保存5 h后,仍能保留30％的活力,而自由酶则完全失活;固定化酶在室温下保存12 d后,酶活力仍保持在88％以上,而自由酶在此条件下则完全失活;此外,固定化过氧化氢酶还表现出了良好的操作稳定性,在室温下连续反应26次后,相对活力为57％.该研究表明胶原纤维可作为固定化过氧化     

固定化β淀粉酶的制备及其性质

对β-硫酸酯乙飘基苯胺(SESA)与环氧氯丙烷交联琼脂糖反应,制得对氨基苯砜乙基(ABSE)交联琼脂糖,经重氯化后与β-淀粉酶偶联制成固定化酶。研究了载体的苯胺基含量、PH)、巯基乙醇等因素对酶偶联反应的影响。尤其是巯基乙醇的存在,可使固定化酶活力明显提高。固定化酶活力可达120u／ml,活力回收为38％,相对活力为45％。固定化β-淀粉酶的最适pH和最遗温度与自然酶相似,以可溶性淀粉为底物时,固定化酶的米氏常数是自然酶(Km=0．0057(％))的8倍。将固定化酶装柱,连续水解可溶性淀粉,在45℃下连续操作;50天后,酶活力未见下降,在50℃下28天后,还保留活力50%左右。     

树脂载体固定S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的研究

目的:筛选一种适合S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶固定化的树脂载体,进行固定化工艺优化及固定化酶性质研究。方法:以固定化率和表观酶活回收率为指标,筛选固定化效果最佳的一种树脂,采用单因素实验对固定化条件进行优化。结果:阴离子交换树脂载体ESR-2表现出最优的固定化率(94.03%)和酶活回收率(47.45%);最佳固定化条件为加酶量4U/g、pH 8.0、15℃吸附10h,最佳条件下固定化酶表观酶活为2.1U/g,表观酶活回收率达51.6%。固定化酶的最适pH为8.5,最适温度为35℃,连续反应10批次后酶活剩余77.92%。结论:树脂载体ESR-2固定化S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶酶活及稳定性较好,能够用于S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的工业化大规模生产。     

链霉菌Strz-6木聚糖酶的纯化和固定化研究

链霉菌胞外木聚糖酶经过盐析、离子交换和分子筛层析纯化,粗酶液被纯化了32.5倍,比活力达498u/mg,活力回收46.6%。纯化后的酶固定在戊二醛交联的壳聚糖上,酶活回收率为42.8%。固定化酶的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为60℃,且固定化酶在65~75℃活力都较高。该酶的耐热性比较强,固定化酶热稳定性优于原酶;以木聚糖为底物,固定化酶的表观米氏常数为0.93×10-2g/L。     

N-乙酰神经氨酸醛缩酶的固定化及固定化酶性质研究

使用LX-1000HFA氨基树脂对N-乙酰神经氨酸醛缩酶(NAL)进行固定化,并对游离酶与固定化酶的酶学性质及稳定性进行了对比研究。结果显示,最佳固定化条件为载体投放量5.0 g,固定化时间12 h,缓冲液浓度1.0 mol/L,pH7.5,温度25℃。在此条件下制备的固定化NAL活力最高,比酶活可达200 U/g湿载体。与游离酶相比,最适反应温度提高了5℃,最适反应pH没有变化,温度和pH耐受性明显提升。同时固定化酶储存稳定性和操作稳定性也显著增强,在4℃条件下储存10 d后其酶活仅损失6%,重复使用10次后仍保持初始酶活的80%。因此,该固定化酶具有良好的温度稳定性、pH稳定性、储存稳定性和操作稳定性,为酶法工业化生产N-乙酰神经氨酸研究提供了理论依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.