利用马铃薯晚疫病菌粗毒素离体筛选马铃薯抗晚疫病无性系

以3个马铃薯品种叶片外植体的愈伤组织为材料、马铃薯晚疫病病菌培养粗毒素为筛选压力进行马铃薯抗晚疫病细胞变异无性系筛选。结果表明,不同品种的叶片、愈伤组织对毒素有不同的忍耐力。“费乌瑞它”最大忍耐的粗毒素浓度为40％,“东农303”、“早大白”则为50％。马铃薯晚疫病病原菌粗毒素对愈伤组织的诱导、生长、不定芽的分化及再生苗生根有显著的抑制作用,而且浓度越大,抑制作用越强。筛选结果抗性鉴定表明,经过粗毒素筛选的细胞无性系及其再生植株对高浓度粗毒素的抗性能力显著高于对照。     

枯萎菌毒素粗提液对4种陆地棉外植体愈伤组织诱导率的影响

将培养5d的4种陆地棉栽培品种军棉1号,泗棉2号,2234及中棉12号无菌苗,取其根,下胚轴及子叶接种在含不同浓度枯萎菌毒素粗提液的培养基上,每隔3d观察统计其成活率,统计至33d。结果表明：陆地棉外植体愈伤组织的诱导率与枯萎菌毒素浓度呈负相关,而不同的外植体对枯萎菌毒素浓度的敏感程度有所差异。     

禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素对不同抗性小麦品种成熟胚脱分化与再分化的影响

以5个赤霉病抗性水平不同的小麦品种为材料,研究了禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素对小麦成熟胚脱分化与再分化的影响.结果表明,小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导率和分化率在品种间、毒素浓度间、毒素浓度×品种间差异极显著.低浓度（5 g/L）禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素能够促进抗性较强品种的出愈速度,高浓度禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素（10 g/L和15 g/L）对成熟胚愈伤组织的出愈速度起到抑制作用,随着浓度提高,抑制作用增强.成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导率和分化率随着禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素浓度升高而下降,品种的抗性越差下降幅度越大.10 g/L毒素浓度,5个品种成熟胚愈伤组织的SOD活性均比对照（0 g/L）增加;20 g/L毒素浓度,5个品种成熟胚愈伤组织的SOD活性均有所下降,抗性品种苏麦3号和郑9023的SOD活性仍高于对照,其它3个感性品种低于对照,SOD活性与小麦品种的赤霉病抗性水平存在一定关系.研究结果为小麦赤霉病抗性育种提供了一定的技术支撑.     

NaCl胁迫对豫棉112种子萌发,幼苗生长及愈伤组织产生的影响

系统研究了ＮａＣｌ胁迫对豫棉１１２种子萌发,幼苗生长和不同外植体愈伤组织形成的影响。结果表明：ＮａＣｌ对种子萌发,幼苗生长有抑制作用,浓度愈高,抑制作用愈显著;低浓度ＮａＣｌ对子叶,胚轴愈伤组织诱导率没有影响,浓度升高,诱导率明显下降。     

马齿苋多糖提取物对翅果油树愈伤组织诱导的影响

采用传统热浸提工艺,从马齿苋植株中提取多糖.以B1培养基为基础,通过添加0.15 g/L的抗褐变剂Vc及不同浓度的马齿苋多糖,研究了其对翅果油树愈伤组织培养的抗褐变作用.结果显示:(1)马齿苋多糖对愈伤组织培养中的褐变有一定缓解作用.(2)经筛选,得到0.19 g/L为最适的多糖添加物浓度,子叶愈伤组织产生生物量最多,抗褐变效果与Vc的作用相似,愈伤组织生命周期也明显缩短.     

沙冬青愈伤组织对培养基的特殊要求和球形胚状分化结构的诱导

通过对沙冬青未成熟子叶进行离体培养,获得了愈伤组织。基本培养基采用Ｂ５,再配合ＭＳ培养基的铁盐成分,对沙冬青未成熟子叶愈伤组织的诱导和生长效果最佳。愈伤组织的诱导和生长对培养基的附加成分要求十分严格,２,４－Ｄ浓度为０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,６－ＢＡ浓度为０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,蔗粮不宜超过２％。愈伤组织最初为乳白色透明松散状态,生长比较缓慢,极易褐化死亡。如果培养基中的蔗糖浓度低于２％,两周后未成熟子叶愈伤组织逐     

运用致病毒素筛选抗稻瘟病细胞突变体

本文研究报道了抗稻瘟病细胞突变体筛选方法、程序与结果,并对有关问题进行了讨论。毒素对水稻成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导与分化有明显的抑制作用,抑制程度随毒素浓度提高和处理时间延长而加强,但抗感品种之间差异显著。以含毒素的诱导培养基或诱导与分化培养基均含毒素的筛选处理效果较好,而且简便易行。5年来接种筛选了29个品种25000多个外植体,在已鉴定的349个R_1个体中,有183株表现抗病。经多次接种鉴定与选择,已获得12个高抗稻瘟病的株系和1个抗病丰产品系,并对部分抗病突变体的抗性基因进行了遗传分析。     

杂景天愈伤组织诱导及红景天苷测定

以杂景天的子叶、胚轴为外植体,接种在附加不同激素组合的MS培养基上诱导愈伤组织产生,愈伤组织经继代培养后,用高效液相色谱检测红景天苷含量.结果显示,杂景天的子叶是诱导愈伤组织的理想外植体,子叶在MS 1 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D和MS 1 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L NAA培养基上的愈伤组织诱导率较高(81.8%、80%).愈伤组织有红、绿2种类型.HPLC检测显示红色愈伤组织不含红景天苷,绿色愈伤组织红景天苷含量为0.288 6%.表明利用组织培养生产红景天苷是可行的.     

白刺花胚性愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚发生和萌发

探讨不同因素对白刺花下胚轴、子叶2种外植体胚性愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚发生和萌发的影响。以B5和MS为基本培养基,研究2,4-D、6-BA和TDZ对白刺花下胚轴和子叶胚性愈伤组织的诱导;在MS培养基上添加不同浓度2,4-D,研究胚性愈伤组织增殖情况;采用ABA,探究对体细胞胚发生的影响。结果表明:下胚轴比子叶更易诱导胚性愈伤组织,筛选出2种外植最佳的胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基均为MS+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L 6-BA,胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别为77.3%和41.0%。15.0 mg/L ABA、0.2 mg/L 2,4-D和2.0 mg/L 6-BA有利于体细胞胚发生,1/3MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+2.0 g/L活性炭+25 g/L蔗糖+7 g/L琼脂的培养基可使体细胞胚萌发率达80%以上,再生植株移栽成活率高达90%。白刺花外植体种类及培养基类型均会影响胚性愈伤组织的诱导,其中下胚轴诱导效果优于子叶;MS培养基较适合启动细胞脱分化形成愈伤组织,2,4-D对胚性愈伤组织的增殖保持有调控作用,ABA有利于体细胞胚的发生。     

水杨酸和黄萎病菌毒素处理棉花愈伤组织使β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶的活性增加

不同品种棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)愈伤组织对黄萎病菌毒素粗提物的抗性与体内β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性水平有关.在毒素处理下,抗性品种比感性品种酶活性增加的幅度大、时间早.外源水杨酸(SA)处理后,棉花愈伤组织中的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性增加.抗β-1,3-葡聚糖酶多克隆抗体与28 kD的蛋白条带有免疫交叉反应,毒素、SA、毒素+SA均能诱导该蛋白条带出现.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.