嗅球成鞘细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的:探讨一种获取高纯度嗅球成鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs)的方法.方法:从新生SD大鼠(3d)嗅球中迅速分离嗅神经层和嗅颗粒层,采用酶消化法分离细胞,差速贴壁法纯化细胞,接种于多聚赖氨酸包被的培养板内培养2d,采用NGFRp75和S100蛋白双标免疫组化、以Hoechst33342复染鉴定OECs的纯度.结果:OECs的纯度为(95.64±2.76)%.结论:本法是一种相对简便易行且经济、稳定、有效的OECs分离方法.     

嗅神经鞘细胞的培养纯化及体外生长特性

采用原代培养的方法,从2,5月成年大鼠的嗅球分离培养嗅神经鞘细胞（OECs),培养6天后,用阿糖胞苷（Ara-C)抑制,差速贴壁,Forskolin和BPE营养物质处理,根据P75蛋白免疫细胞化学染色和形态学特征分析了所得细胞的纯度,同时对不同培养时期的OECs 的形态进行观察和纯化后的活力测定。实验结果显示：（1）这种纯化方法简单,经济,快捷,所得的OECS纯度可达95％以上,并且随培养时间延长,细胞仍保持较高的纯度。（2）在培养早期2天到5天主要以巨噬细胞状,多极状,不规则状为主,培养中期7天到20天主要以扁平的双极,三极为主。晚期20天以后呈现双极,三极形态,其起上有许多细小的棘突。93）其中以培养早中期细胞的活力较好,培养20天以后,细胞活力较差,本研究为以OECs 作为移植材料对促进神经再生的研究获得丰富的细胞来源奠定了基础。     

不同方法纯化体外培养脊髓神经元的比较

研究和比较三种不同纯化神经元的方法,以便提供一种纯化效率较高的纯化技术,神经细胞取自于胚胎12－14天小鼠脊髓,应用药物法、差速贴壁法、磁珠包被抗体反应法对神经元进行纯化,然后用NSE免疫组化反应和NSE－ELISA法比较三种不同纯化方法在不同培养时间24、36、48、60、72、84hrs得以神经元的纯度和显示其数目的OD值。结果发现,磁珠包被抗体反应法神经元的纯度随着培养时间的延长纯度可达95％以上,而差速贴壁法所得神经元在培养24hrs后呈现下降趋势,72hrs后可达60％,药物法则阳性神经元比较稳定,但纯度较低,一旦停药,则呈现下降趋势84hrs后达到56％左右。     

成年大鼠嗅鞘细胞与嗅觉神经成纤维细胞的原代培养及鉴定

目的 建立一种原代提取嗅鞘细胞与嗅觉神经成纤维细胞混合培养的方法.方法 自2.5月龄SD大鼠嗅球最外两层分离嗅鞘细胞和嗅觉神经成纤维细胞进行混合培养,并不进行纯化,分别于7 d、10 d、14 d行免疫细胞化学鉴定,并计算各个时间点嗅鞘细胞的纯度.结果 体外培养的嗅鞘细胞主要呈两极或多极状,而嗅觉神经成纤维细胞则成扁平的像成纤维细胞的形态,免疫细胞化学结果显示嗅鞘细胞呈p75 NGFR阳性,嗅觉神经成纤维细胞呈fibronectin阳性,两种细胞都呈vimentin阳性,在7 d、10 d、14 d各个时间点嗅鞘细胞分别占混合培养的34.1%、25.6%、8.6%.结论 从成年大鼠嗅球最外两层分离的培养中主要包含嗅鞘细胞和嗅觉神经成纤维细胞,嗅鞘细胞在混合培养中所占的比例随培养时间的延长而逐渐降低.     

人早孕胎盘绒毛膜滋养层细胞体外培养模型的建立

目的通过对早孕胎盘绒毛膜滋养层细胞的分离,纯化和培养,寻找一种稳定、简便可获得较高纯度滋养层细胞的培养方法。方法通过胰酶/DNA酶联合消化法对妊娠6-10周绒毛组织进行消化,获得单细胞悬液,比较Per-coll密度梯度离心和淋巴细胞分离液对滋养层细胞的分离纯化效果。含10?S的DMEM/F12培养基培养,并比较是否应用鼠尾胶原对细胞贴壁和生长的影响。通过免疫荧光方法对滋养层细胞进行鉴定。结果经简化Percoll密度梯度离心分离纯化的滋养层细胞纯度高,明显优于淋巴细胞分离液的分离效果(P<0.001);细胞生长表面预先经鼠尾胶原处理后,细胞贴壁良好,分裂生长旺盛。结论利用简化Percoll密度梯度离心法分离细胞,并在应用鼠尾胶原的条件下进行培养,可以获得满意的人绒毛膜滋养层细胞的体外培养模型。     

自组装IKVAV多肽纳米纤维支架凝胶及其对嗅鞘细胞的作用

旨在观察自组装IKVAV多肽纳米纤维支架凝胶对鼠嗅鞘细胞(OECs)的作用。通过调整IKVAV溶液pH值并加入培养液触发多肽自组装为支架凝胶, 用原子力显微镜检测IKVAV分子可以自组装成编织状纳米纤维(直径为3~5 nm)。采用原代分离培养方法获得OECs单细胞悬液后, 使用差速贴壁法两次纯化OECs且在第12天通过免疫染色计数OECs纯度为85%。将IKVAV多肽纳米纤维支架凝胶与OECs复合培养, 倒置显微镜下观察OECs生长良好, Calcein-AM/PI活、死细胞染色表明活细胞数达95%。CCK-8法间接细胞计数证实IKVAV多肽可促进OECs的黏附, 对OECs增殖没有影响。由此可见IKVAV多肽可以自组装成纳米纤维支架凝胶且对OECs有良好的生物相容性及黏附作用, 可作为神经组织工程支架材料。     

成年转基因小鼠嗅鞘细胞的培养、纯化及生物学特性

已有多项研究表明,嗅鞘细胞具有修复中枢及外周神经损伤的潜能。我们选用了表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白（enhanced green fluorescent protein,eGFP）的成年小鼠,分离其双侧嗅球嗅神经纤维层及嗅小球层细胞,体外原代培养并予以纯化。同时结合共聚焦、相差显微镜,细胞增殖分析及免疫组织化学鉴定等技术,对其生物学活性进行研究。结果表明：（1）原代培养转基因成年小鼠嗅球嗅鞘细胞（Olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs）15d后,主要存在两种不同形态和免疫组织化学特征的细胞。一种是带有长突起的双极或多极OECs,表达P75^NTR（P75 low affinity neurotrophic receptor）、S100和胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP）。另一种则是对Thy 1．1抗体免疫反应阳性,呈扁平或内皮样形态的成纤维细胞。（2）根据不同类型细胞在未覆层的培养器皿上贴壁速度的差异,我们建立了一种简单易行、不需任何抗体或昂贵仪器的细胞纯化方法,获得了大量高纯度的OECs。（3）在连续纯化培养22d后,OECs仍能保持较高的增殖活性。本实验支持和丰富了OECs发育的相关理论,为进一步体内移植修复CNS损伤提供了理想的材料。     

体外培养心肌细胞的纯化方法及其应用

心肌组织由多种细胞构成,在体外培养条件下,各种细胞混杂生长。本文着重介绍了国外近年来常用的几种心肌细胞纯化分离方法:差速贴壁分离法、化学试剂抑制法等,并结合我们自己实验经验,对这几种方法进行了比较,对这些方法的应用,本文也做了一些简单介绍。     

RA滑膜成纤维细胞的原代培养及鉴定

目的:改良体外分离、培养类风湿性关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞的方法,并进行鉴定。方法:取关节镜手术中获得RA患者滑膜组织进行机械分离、胶原酶消化后直接将所有消化产物置于细胞培养皿两次贴壁培养,差速消化法纯化成纤维细胞,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态、流式细胞术及免疫细胞化学的方法鉴定细胞纯度。结果:胶原酶消化后直接贴壁结合差速消化纯化法分离获得的原代滑膜细胞中呈梭形的成纤维样细胞占98%以上,细胞核呈椭圆形位于细胞中央,偶见少量圆形的滑膜巨噬细胞。流式细胞术显示98%以上的滑膜细胞具有vimeintin+CD68的成纤维细胞特征。免疫细胞化学提示滑膜细胞vimentin表达阳性、CD68不表达。结论:成功分离获得了纯度和活性很高的人滑膜成纤维样细胞,方法更简便,效率更高,为后续类风湿性关节炎滑膜侵袭机制的研究奠定了基础。     

原代小鼠肝脏细胞的高效分离纯化与培养

目的：建立一种能稳定获得高活力和高纯度原代小鼠肝脏细胞的分离、纯化及培养方法。方法：应用改良的Seglen 二步法原位灌注和机械离心分离肝脏细胞,并用改良的高糖DMEM培养基进行培养。台盼蓝拒染法检测接种时肝脏细胞的存活率,倒置显微镜动态观察肝脏细胞形态变化,应用免疫荧光技术对肝脏细胞进行Albumin 染色。结果：每只小鼠可获取肝脏细胞的总产量平均为1.35× 10^6 / g体重,肝脏细胞存活率＞ 90%。倒置显微镜下观察贴壁前肝细胞直径为35.14 滋m± 4.35 滋m,肝脏细胞在接种后3 h基本完成贴壁;肝脏细胞接种后24h,所有肝脏细胞均强阳性表达成熟肝脏细胞标志物Albumin,肝细胞纯度＞ 95%。结论：改良的分离纯化及培养方法能稳定获得高产量、高活率及高纯度的小鼠肝脏细胞。     

Interaction of olfactory ensheathing cells with astrocytes may be the key to repair of tract injuries in the spinal cord: The ‘pathway hypothesis’

Transplantation of cultured adult olfactory ensheathing cells has been shown to induce anatomical and functional repair of lesions of the adult rat spinal cord and spinal roots. Histological analysis of olfactory ensheathing cells, both in their normal location in the olfactory nerves and also after transplantation into spinal cord lesions, shows that they provide channels for the growth of regenerating nerve fibres. These channels have an outer, basal lamina-lined surface apposed by fibroblasts, and an inner, naked surface in contact with the nerve fibres. A crucial property of olfactory ensheathing cells, in which they differ from Schwann cells, is their superior ability to interact with astrocytes. When confronted with olfactory ensheathing cells the superficial astrocytic processes, which form the glial scar after lesions, change their configuration so that their outer pial surfaces are reflected in continuity with the outer surfaces of the olfactory ensheathing cells. The effect is to open a door into the central nervous system. We propose that this formation of a bridging pathway may be the crucial event by which transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells allow the innate growth capacity of severed adult axons to be translated into regeneration across a lesion so that functionally valuable connections can be established.     

Reciprocal interactions between olfactory receptor axons and olfactory nerve glia cultured from the developing moth Manduca sexta

In olfactory systems, neuron-glia interactions have been implicated in the growth and guidance of olfactory receptor axons. In the moth Manduca sexta, developing olfactory receptor axons encounter several types of glia as they grow into the brain. Antennal nerve glia are born in the periphery and enwrap bundles of olfactory receptor axons in the antennal nerve. Although their peripheral origin and relationship with axon bundles suggest that they share features with mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells, the developmental roles of antennal nerve glia remain elusive. When cocultured with antennal nerve glial cells, olfactory receptor growth cones readily advance along glial processes without displaying prolonged changes in morphology. In turn, olfactory receptor axons induce antennal nerve glial cells to form multicellular arrays through proliferation and process extension. In contrast to antennal nerve glia, centrally derived glial cells from the axon sorting zone and antennal lobe never form arrays in vitro, and growth-cone glial-cell encounters with these cells halt axon elongation and cause permanent elaborations in growth cone morphology. We propose that antennal nerve glia play roles similar to olfactory ensheathing cells in supporting axon elongation, yet differ in their capacity to influence axon guidance, sorting, and targeting, roles that could be played by central olfactory glia in Manduca.     

Olfactory ensheathing cells: their role in central nervous system repair

The olfactory system is an unusual tissue in that it can support neurogenesis throughout life; permitting the in-growth and synapse formation of olfactory receptor axons into the central nervous system (CNS) environment of the olfactory bulb. It is thought that this unusual property is in part due to the olfactory glial cells, termed olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), but also due to neuronal stem cells. These glial cells originate from the olfactory placode and possess many properties in common with the glial cells from the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells. Recent data has suggested that olfactory ensheathing cells are a distinct glial cell type and possess properties, which might make them more suitable for transplant-mediated repair of central nervous system injury models. This paper reviews the biological properties of these cells and illustrates their use in central nervous system repair.     

Ensheathment of the olfactory nerves in the adult rat

The ensheathment of the olfactory nerve fibres is achieved by cooperation of two cell types. The olfactory ensheathing cells have a rounded outer surface enclosed in a continuous single basal lamina, and enclose an inner compartment from which overlapping processes of the same and adjacent cells enwrap interweaving territories of tightly apposed aligned axons. The olfactory nerve fibroblasts are highly flattened, dense cells generating multiple layers of very thin processes encircling individual or groups of olfactory ensheathing cells. This paper illustrates the unique ultrastructural features of this ensheathment.     

Olfactory ensheathing cells - another miracle cure for spinal cord injury?

Several recent publications describe remarkably promising effects of transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells as a potential future method to repair human spinal cord injuries. But why were cells from the nose transplanted into the spinal cord? What are olfactory ensheathing cells, and how might they produce these beneficial effects? And more generally, what do we mean by spinal cord injury? To what extent can we compare repair in an animal to repair in a human?     

成年转基因小鼠嗅鞘细胞的培养、纯化及生物学特性

已有多项研究表明,嗅鞘细胞具有修复中枢及外周神经损伤的潜能。我们选用了表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhancedgreenfluorescentprotein,eGFP)的成年小鼠,分离其双侧嗅球嗅神经纤维层及嗅小球层细胞,体外原代培养并予以纯化。同时结合共聚焦、相差显微镜,细胞增殖分析及免疫组织化学鉴定等技术,对其生物学活性进行研究。结果表明:(1)原代培养转基因成年小鼠嗅球嗅鞘细胞(Olfactoryensheathingcells,OECs)15d后,主要存在两种不同形态和免疫组织化学特征的细胞。一种是带有长突起的双极或多极OECs,表达P75~(NIR)(P75lowaffinityneurotrophicreceptor)S100和胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(glialfibrillaryacidicprotein,GFAP)。另一种则是对Thy1.1抗体免疫反应阳性,呈扁平或内皮样形态的成纤维细胞。(2)根据不同类型细胞在未覆层的培养器皿上贴壁速度的差异,我们建立了一种简单易行、不需任何抗体或昂贵仪器的细胞纯化方法,获得了大量高纯度的OECs。(3)在连续纯化培养22d后,OECs仍能保持较高的增殖活性。本实验支持和丰富了OECs发育的相关理论,为进一步体内移植修复CNS损伤提供了理想的材料。     

Expression of the small conductance Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>-activated K<Superscript>+</Superscript> channel,SK3, in the olfactory ensheathing glial cells of rat brain

Olfactory sensory neurons are wrapped by ensheathing glial cells in the olfactory nerve layer (ONL). Neither functional roles nor electrical properties of ensheathing glial cells have been, as yet, fully clarified. Four subunits (SK1–4) of small conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ (SK) channels have been cloned. In the present study, immunohistochemical analyses showed that SK3 channels are expressed in ensheathing glial cells in the rat olfactory bulb, in addition to neuronal cells in other regions. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that SK3 was predominantly expressed in the olfactory bulb, thalamus, moderately in the hippocampus and cerebellum and modestly in the cerebral cortex of the rat brain. SK3 immunoreactivity was detected in the ONL of the olfactory bulb, neural cell body and fibers of the substantia nigra and hypothalamus. SK3 immunoreactivity was quite intense in the outer (superficial) part of the ONL. SK3-immunoreactive structures were overlapped with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but not with vimentin, markers for glial cells and olfactory sensory axons, respectively. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that SK3 immunoreactivity was localized in thin processes that enfolded fascicles of immunonegative olfactory nerve axons. These results indicate that SK3 is expressed specifically in the olfactory ensheathing glial cells in olfactory regions.This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid to A.F. for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan, and by scholarship from Ono Pharmaceutical Company, and by Narishige Neuroscience Research Foundation.