血清维生素D及微量元素检测对肺炎患儿的临床意义

目的:探讨肺炎患儿血清维生素D及微量元素监测的临床意义。方法:选取我院2015年1月-2016年1月收治的600例肺炎患儿为观察组及同期来我院体检的健康儿童400例为对照组,检测两组受试儿童的维生素D、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁水平。结果:观察组患儿锌、铁缺乏比例均明显高于健康儿童(P0.05),两组钙、铜、镁缺乏比例相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组1岁以下(包括1岁,婴儿期)、1-3岁(包括3岁,幼儿期)、3-6岁(包括6岁,学龄前)患儿体内锌、铁含量明显低于同年龄段健康儿童(P0.05),各组钙、铜、镁含量相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组受试儿童体内25-羟基维生素D含量及其缺乏情况相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:锌和铁缺乏可能与儿童肺炎的发生发展具有一定的关系,及时补充锌和铁有助于提高患儿免疫力,促进患儿恢复。     

3320例儿童微量元素检测结果分析

目的:了解本院就诊儿童血微量元素水平,并分析其影响因素.方法:取儿童末梢血,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测,用统计软件进行分析.结果:男女儿童之间铅含量有差异,但铜、锌、钙、镁、铁、镉含量无差别.不同年龄组儿童之间微量元素含量有显著性差异,其中儿童锌、铁含量随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,钙呈下降趋势.除镁外,不同年龄组儿童之间微量元素异常率有显著性差异,其中儿童钙、铁缺乏率随着年龄的增长分别呈上升、下降趋势,缺锌率呈波动状态,而儿童铜、镁缺乏率较低;儿童铅超标率在18.88%～29.37%之间,在4～5岁儿童时达到峰值;镉超标率在0.60～4.37%之间.结论:本院就诊儿童缺锌、钙、铁较普遍,但儿童铅中毒平均发生率低于全国平均水平.通过微量元素的检测,并有针对性地进行补充和排毒,将大大有利于儿童的健康成长.     

3320例儿童微量元素检测结果分析

目的:了解本院就诊儿童血微量元素水平,并分析其影响因素.方法:取儿童末梢血,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测,用统计软件进行分析.结果:男女儿童之间铅含量有差异,但铜、锌、钙、镁、铁、镉含量无差别.不同年龄组儿童之问微量元素含量有显著性差异,其中儿童锌、铁含量随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,钙呈下降趋势.除镁外,不同年龄组儿童之间微量元素异常率有显著性差异,其中儿童钙、铁缺乏率随着年龄的增长分别呈上升、下降趋势,缺锌率呈波动状态,而儿童铜、镁缺乏率较低;儿童铅超标率在18.88%～29.37%之间,在4～5岁儿童时达到峰值;镉超标率在0.60～4.37%之间.结论:本院就诊儿童缺锌、钙、铁较普遍,但儿童铅中毒平均发生率低于全国平均水平.通过微量元素的检测,并有针对性地进行补充和排毒,将大大有利于儿童的健康成长.     

微量元素五项联合红细胞四项检测在小儿缺铁性贫血中的诊断价值

目的:探讨微量元素五项联合红细胞四项检测在小儿缺铁性贫血(IDA)中的诊断价值。方法:选取2013年1月至2016年1月于我院进行治疗的小儿缺铁性贫血(IDA)患儿130例作为缺铁性贫血(IDA)组及同期于我院进行常规体检的健康儿童40例作为对照组。检测和比较其钙、镁、铜、铁、锌、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)水平,并比较微量元素五项、红细胞四项检查以及两者联合对IDA患儿的诊断效能。结果:缺铁性贫血(IDA)组患儿微量元素镁、铁、锌含量以及Hb、MCV、MCH及MCHC水平均明显低于对照组儿童,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组儿童微量元素钙、铜含量比较差异不显著(P0.05)。微量元素五项联合红细胞四项的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于微量元素五项和红细胞四项(P0.05)。结论:IDA患儿微量元素镁、铁、锌含量以及Hb、MCV、MCH及MCHC水平较低,微量元素五项联合红细胞四项检测可以提高小儿IDA的检出率。     

解磷菌对设施土壤金属元素有效含量及黄瓜秧苗金属元素吸收量的影响

通过向设施土壤中添加解磷菌和秸秆,达到活化土壤中作物所需金属元素的含量,促进作物对中微量元素吸收的目的。试验设置对照、秸秆、解磷菌、解磷菌+秸秆4个处理,在不同时间测试土壤及秧苗中钙、镁、铜、铁、锌等的含量,确定解磷菌及秸秆对设施土壤金属元素含量及黄瓜秧苗吸收量的影响。试验结果表明,秸秆、解磷菌、秸秆+解磷菌处理能明显增加黄瓜秧苗吸收钙、镁、铁、铜的能力,对锌的吸收没有影响,其中秸秆+解磷菌处理对黄瓜秧苗吸收钙、镁、铜影响最大,促进作用分别达到6.26%、8.25%和11.57%,3种处理对设施土壤中有效钙、镁、铁的含量没有影响,但是能明显提高土壤中有效铜、锌的含量,盛果后期有效铜含量分别比对照提高12.19%、15.41%、16.49%,盛果后期有效锌含量分别比对照区提高38.8%、33.26%、56.81%。     

不育男性患者和健康男性血液与精浆中微量元素含量的对比分析

目的:研究不育患者精浆和血液中微量元素的含量,为男性不育的诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法:对73例正常生育组男性和265例男性不育患者的精浆和血液中的锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、镉进行检测分析,分析两组血液和精浆微量元素的差异。结果:不育组患者精浆和血液中锌的含量明显低于正常对照组,铜、镉离子含量明显高于正常对照组,与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);而两组中的钙、铁、镁的含量接近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不育组患者精浆中的锌元素水平明显高于血液锌含量,而血液中的镉含量明显高于精浆中的镉含量,差异有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:精浆和血液中锌、铜、镉的变化与男性不育密切相关。     

湘潭地区不同孕期、不同年龄孕妇微量元素变化分析

目的:了解湘潭地区妊娠期妇女不同孕期、不同年龄微量元素的变化规律及缺乏情况,为孕妇合理地补充血清微量元素提供理论依据,从而达到提高孕期保健,减少不良妊娠事件发生的目的.方法:将255例观察组孕妇按妊娠时间分成早孕组(≤12周),中孕组(＞12～＜28周),晚孕组(≥28周),同时选取45例的健康非妊娠妇女作对照;并且根据年龄将观察组孕妇分为30岁以上组(年龄≥30岁)和30岁以下组(年龄＜30岁),采用原子吸收分光光度法测定不同孕期、不同年龄孕妇血清铁、钙、锌、镁、铜5种元素的含量,并统计出不同孕期、不同年龄孕妇5种元素的缺乏情况.结果:不同孕期、不同年龄孕妇各种微量元素均值比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),表明微量元素的失衡程度与年龄和孕期有关.各孕期铁锌钙的缺乏率与对照组比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05);30岁以上组中铁、钙、锌与30岁以下组有明显差异(P＜0.05).结论:湘潭地区妊娠期孕妇不同孕期、不同年龄间微量元素含量存在着一定差异,孕妇应根据孕周和年龄的不同合理加强对铁、钙、锌等微量元素的补充,以避免孕期不良妊娠结局的发生,提高优生优育.     

血清微量元素与多动症患儿行为症状的相关性研究

目的:探讨多动症(ADHD)患儿血清中微量元素水平与患儿行为症状的相关性。方法:以原子吸收光谱仪检测6~14岁80名ADHD患儿及72名正常儿童血清中的铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)等微量元素的含量,应用Conner氏量表评价患儿行为症状,分析血清微量元素与行为症状评分的相关性。结果:ADHD患儿血清中Zn水平明显低于正常儿童、Pb水平明显高于正常儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);Fe、Ca略低于正常儿童,Cu、Cd略高于正常儿童,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。ADHD患儿品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动、焦虑指数较正常儿童相比有显著差异(P0.05);经Pearson相关分析,ADHD患儿血清Zn与学习问题、冲动-多动、多动指数呈负相关(P0.05),血清Pb与患儿冲动-多动、多动指数呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:ADHD患儿血清中Zn与Pb异常表达,与行为症状密切相关。在治疗ADHD患儿过程中,可以通过检测这些指标进行针对性或预防性治疗,有一定的指导价值。     

高压氧预处理对减压病脑组织MMP-9表达与相关元素关系研究

目的:探讨高压氧预处理对减压病大鼠脑组织基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)蛋白的表达与相关金属元素的关系。方法:雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为正常对照组(NC group)、减压组(DCS group)、HBO预处理组(HBO-PC group),每组12只。连续进行高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)预处理5天后建立减压病模型,原子吸收分光光度计测定各组大鼠脑组织元素锰、锌、铁和镁的含量;免疫组织化学法测定MMP-9蛋白表达,并对两者的结果做相关性分析。结果:减压组镁、锌、铁的含量降低,高压氧预处理组锌、镁含量降低而锰、铁的含量升高(P0.05);与减压组相比,高压氧预处理组锰、锌、铁、镁含量均升高(P0.05);减压组中MMP-9表达较对照组明显增加(P0.05),高压氧预处理组MMP-9表达被抑制,与减压组相比明显减少(P0.05);脑组织MMP-9阳性细胞表达数与相关的金属元素锌、镁含量呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:金属元素锌、镁的含量与MMP-9的表达在减压病发生过程中起着非常重要的作用,高压氧预处理可以通过调节元素锌与镁的含量与MMP-9的表达来抑制减压病发生时的大鼠脑组织的氧化损伤,从而起到对减压病的保护作用。     

“土壤-牧草-牦牛”生态系统中微量元素动态变化研究

以土壤-牧草-牦牛矿物系统为研究对象,采集土壤、牧草、牦牛血液为样品,对其矿物元素(氮,镁,硫,铜,锰,锌,硒和钼)的含量和季节动态变化进行分析研究。结果表明:季节因素可引起矿物元素在土壤-牧草-牦牛系统中的相关性的变化。(1)土壤中镁、铜和锰的缺乏可能会引起牦牛对该元素的缺乏,进而影响正常的生产性能和生理功能。(2)牧草中矿物元素的含量具有明显的季节性变化。在生产中补充矿物质营养舔砖可满足牦牛对矿物质的需求,提高牦牛生产力和健康水平具有重要意义。(3)放牧牦牛存在广泛的缺氮、镁、铜、硒、锰、锌和钼。因此,放牧生产中以添加矿物质舔砖来满足牦牛矿物质营养,促进牦牛健康生产。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.