磁疗法治疗颈椎病的应用进展

颈椎病是一种常见疾病,尤其中老年人的发病率较高,是一种骨质的退行性变化,颈椎骨质增生,形成骨赘或骨刺,颈椎的椎间隙缩小变窄,椎间孔变小,压迫神经根,如颈后部疼痛,上肢发生放射性疼痛,麻木,增生的骨赘或骨刺,压迫与刺激其周围软组织,引起软组织发生渗出与肿胀,又加重其压迫症状,增加患者的疾病痛苦,目前对颈椎病的治疗,尚无特殊效果的治疗方法。磁疗法是利用磁场治疗的方法,它已成为治疗颈椎病的有效方法,对于缓解颈椎病引起的症状,减轻患者的疾病痛苦,有着积极作用,恒定磁场与脉冲磁场,是磁疗法中常用的两种不同类型的磁场,恒定磁场是由…     

蛇事琐谈

提起蛇,我还真有些话可说。各种各样的蛇,大的,小的,有毒的,无毒的,性情凶猛的,胆小如鼠的,见过不少;这样那样的蛇事,包括蛇的传说,蛇的新闻,蛇的趣谈等等,听过许多。在我还未开蒙读书的时候,从奶奶嘴巴里听到的第一个故事,就是“人心不足蛇吞象”。少年时代,我读的第一本科普知识读物,就是孩子们都爱看的《蛇岛的秘密》。后来进了地质学校,为使自己适应就要从事的野外工作,我认真地阅读过专著《中国毒蛇》一书。从地质学校毕业后,在地质队一干就是九年,足迹遍布云贵高原和桂东南的山山岭岭,在长期的野外作业和生活中,我接触最多的野生动物也就是蛇。后来我到了文艺界,根据民间传说,与我的师     

浅谈人体与化学间的关系

化学为自然科学,由化学元素组成化学物质,不同的化学物质之间可以发生化学反应,产生新的化学物质,它和生物界的人体之间却有着千丝万缕的关系。生物界分动物和植物,人是最高等的动物,是由化学元素组成的,她由化学元素组成最小的细胞,由细胞形成组织,不同的组织形成器官,不同的器官按一定的顺序形成系统,由系统进一步组成人体。在人的生命活动中,人体内始终发生着许许多多的变化,既有物理的,也有化学的,人体与化学反应有着密切的关系,没有化学反应,就没有生命,更谈不上人类,本文从几个方面浅谈人体与化学间的密切关系。     

与野生动物的危险邂逅

荒野之外,到达了从没有到达过的地方,见到了从没有见过的景致,原始的森林,古老的民族,潺潺的山泉,偶尔还和野生动物来个神秘的邂逅。但是,并不是每次邂逅都是浪漫的,有时甚至是危险的,比如恼人的蚊虫,惊恐的蛇,还有那可怕的野兽。     

TNF-a在肿瘤中的作用

肿瘤坏死因子是一个特别的,并具有多重功能的细胞因子,它在免疫调节,炎症反应,机体防御当中起着关键的作用。根据不同的细胞微环境,肿瘤坏死因子可以诱导多种反应,例如凋亡,坏死,血管生成,免疫细胞激活,细胞分化,细胞迁移。TNF在肿瘤当中是一把双刃剑。一方面,TNF是一个内源性的肿瘤促进因素,因为TNF可以刺激肿瘤细胞生长,增殖,侵袭,转移,血管生成。另一方面,TNF具有杀肿瘤细胞的作用。因此,如果可以调控肿瘤坏死因子的功能,将为癌症的治疗提供可能。     

致谢2019年度审稿编委和审稿专家

2019年,《遗传》共收稿388篇,正式刊出稿件107篇,共有55位编委和260位专家参与本年度的审稿工作。谨向所有参加审稿的编委和专家表示衷心的感谢!向所有的作者表示衷心的感谢!2019年度审理稿件的编委:包其郁,岑山,陈德富,陈雁,储成才,方向东,高彩霞,高绍荣,谷峰,胡松年,胡炜,蒋思文,赖江华,李辉,李明洲,刘宝,刘峰,刘钢,卢大儒,苗龙,任军,史岸冰,史庆华,宋旭,孙玉洁,王晓群,吴东东,吴强,吴志英,夏昆,夏先春,谢建平,谢小冬,邢永忠,徐湘民,许琪,许执恒,严建兵,杨焕明,杨永华,杨昭庆,杨中州,袁慧军,张博,张飞雄,张根发,张红生,张天宇,张宪省,张勇,赵方庆,赵彦艳,赵要风,周钢桥,朱卫国。     

植物的單芽扦插快速繁殖法

单芽扦插,是属于无性繁殖方法之一,是—种最短的枝插法,只利用一个节,一个芽和一片叶子,当插条来源不足的时候,一根枝条上的每个节和芽,都能用单芽扦插来达到繁殖的目的,这是一种多,快,好,省,的繁殖方法,除了掌握一般操作规程及生根成活的规律性而外,同的还必要有一些简单的条件设备,如:花房,土温室,和大小型玻璃面的繁殖框,在目前全国园林化建设新形势下、种苗的供应是一个先决问题,因此这一方法的提出介绍,更有其现实意义,在这一二年中,我们曾进行过31科,52属,66种随物的单芽扦插试验,现挑选二种比较重要的经济树种和观赏树种单扦插繁殖的方法,简单介绍如下。     

话脑计划

正人为万物之灵,又云,万物有灵且美.假若没有脑的运作,没有思想,没有感情,僵尸一样的人类行走在天地间,有何美可言?学知论理,喜怒哀乐,莫不发于中,而动于外.聪明的人,愚钝的人,外表看来何其相似.天才和疯子,只是一线之隔.而这一切的操纵者,稳坐头颅里,以沟沟壑壑的面目,静待探索.以渺渺之身,探天地之奥秘,宇宙之无穷,上观于星河之运行,俯查地球之宝藏.迄于今,人类之成就足与日月争辉.而一切伟大的成就莫不归功于智慧的大脑.脑内的世界,自有乾坤,而对它的了解,     

中国国花评选浅议

许多国家都有了自己的国花。如朝鲜的金达莱,日本的樱花,英国的蔷薇,法国的百合花,美国的山杞花,德国的矢车菊,意大利的雏菊,加拿大的糖槭花,西班牙的石榴花,希腊的橄榄花,爱尔兰的酢浆草花,墨西哥的仙人掌花。这些花,或因原产于所在的国家,或因遍植于该国,或与该国人民     

让21世纪的中国绿意更浓

森林是以木本植物为主体的生物群落,是陆地生态系统的主体,是巨大的基因库和绿色宝库,是人类赖以生存和发展的重要基础,它在维护生态平衡和满足人类的多种需求中占有十分重要的地位;以森林为主要经营对象的林业,既是一项公益事业,又是一项基础产业,肩负着优化环境与促进发展的双重使命,在实现经济、社会的可持续发展中具有不可替代的作用。一方面,林业作为生态环境建设的主体,要为维护生态平衡,保护物种资源,减轻自然灾害,保障农业高产稳产和水利设施发挥效能,改善人民生活环境,实现可持续发展做出贡献;另一方面,林业作为国民经济的基础产业,要为优化农村产业结构,促进扶贫开发,帮助山区、沙区群众脱贫致富,消化农村剩余劳动力,促进区域经     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor