赣南脐橙粉虱类害虫种类及种群动态研究

通过在赣州开展为期2年的系统调查,明确了为害赣南脐橙的粉虱种类和发生动态。经鉴定,为害赣南脐橙的粉虱为柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri Ashmead和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance。2013年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱卵、若虫、伪蛹、成虫数量平均密度分别为(7.61,6.67,5.45,47.43)头/叶(板),(3.84,2.84,1.82,31.80)头/叶(板);2014年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱分别为(8.29,6.92,5.18,27.16)头/叶(板),(7.89,6.18,4.35,24.06)头/叶(板)。2013-2014年,两种粉虱发生数量较大,全年有多个发生高峰。柑橘粉虱和黑刺粉虱是赣南脐橙上的重要害虫,需加强防治工作,控制为害。     

福州地区粉虱种类初步调查

通过田间采集调查、室内饲养和鉴定,得出福州地区48种植物上的粉虱17种,5种为福建新记录。其中果树上的粉虱有11种,农作物上的粉虱3种,花卉上的粉虱7种,其他植物上的粉虱10种。     

海南岛粉虱科昆虫种类及中国四新纪录种记述(半翅目,胸喙亚目)

对海南岛粉虱科昆虫进行调查研究,鉴定出粉虱科昆虫2亚科25属57种,包括中国4新纪录种和海南41新纪录种.记述了中国新纪录种:大戟刺粉虱Aleurocanthus euphorbiae Jesudasan&David、长刺粉虱Aleurocanthus longispinus Quaintance& Baker、三孔棒粉虱Aleuroclava tripori(Dubey& Sundararaj)和番荔枝褶粉虱Aleurotrachelus anonae Corbett的形态特征、寄主和分布.区系成份分析表明,海南已知粉虱物种主要为跨东洋和古北区分布种,其次为东洋区分布,少部分为跨多区分布种及世界广布种.确定了鉴定种中的重要粉虱害虫,包括柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead)、黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus dispersus Russell、双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin、烟粉虱Benisia tabaci(Gennadius)和番荔枝褶粉虱等在海南发生为害情况.     

两种容易混淆的重要粉虱的鉴别及重新描记

【目的】梳扁粉虱,又名胶扁粉虱、黑胶粉虱,学名为Aleuroplatus pectiniferus QuaintanceBaker。但由于鉴定错误,一些报道误将山茶褶粉虱Aleurotrachelus camelliae(Kuwana)定为黑胶粉虱。本研究通过比较分析梳扁粉虱和山茶褶粉虱形态差异对这两种粉虱害虫进行了区分。【方法】通过采集梳扁粉虱A.pectiniferus和山茶褶粉虱A.camelliae制作玻片标本观察和扫描电镜观察。【结果】重新描述了其伪蛹形态特征,提供了其寄主植物和地理分布信息及伪蛹生态照和玻片、电镜照片,且对其形态进行了比较分析研究。两种粉虱在胸气管褶和尾气管褶末端都分泌有白色丝状蜡质分泌物,但是体型上山茶褶粉虱要稍大于梳扁粉虱;梳扁粉虱在胸气管孔和尾气管孔末端由3~4个特化齿形成梳状结构,且各腹节具有亚中区凹陷,而山茶褶粉虱没有。【结论】提出将Aleuroplatus pectiniferus QuaintanceBaker中文名统一为梳扁粉虱,而将Aleurotrachelus camelliae(Kuwana)中文名统一为山茶褶粉虱。     

入侵害虫梣粉虱的种特异性SS-COⅠ检测技术

【目的】梣粉虱是新近入侵中国大陆的一种危险性果树和园林植物害虫,针对其体型微小,与近缘种粉虱形态相仿,很难快速准确区分的问题,以田间常见的11种/隐种粉虱为参考,采用基于mt DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ,mt DNA COⅠ)基因的物种特异性(species-specific COⅠ,SS-COⅠ)PCR法,研究梣粉虱快速分子检测鉴定技术。【方法】利用mt DNA COⅠ基因通用型引物对LCO-1490/HCO-2198获得梣粉虱和其他常见粉虱的COⅠ基因序列,根据测序结果设计梣粉虱特异性SS-COⅠ引物1对(SPZWCF1/SPZWCR1),之后确定其对目的片段的扩增长度,并对该引物对的物种特异性和检测灵敏性进行检验。【结果】引物对SPZWCF1/SPZWCR1扩增片段的长度为426 bp。物种特异性检验结果显示,该对引物只对梣粉虱的mt DNA COⅠ基因具有扩增效果,对我国常见的其他种类的粉虱包括5种烟粉虱隐种(AsiaⅠ、AsiaⅡ1、AsiaⅡ3、MED、MEAM1隐种)以及桑粉虱、螺旋粉虱、黑刺粉虱、柑橘粉虱、双钩巢粉虱和温室粉虱等不具有交叉反应和扩增能力。灵敏性检验结果显示,该对引物不仅对不同性别、不同采集地的成虫具有良好的扩增效能,对2~4龄若虫以及单粒卵和初孵若虫亦具有同样的扩增效力,其最低检测阈值为75.1 pg·μL-1(相当于1/10240头雌性成虫)。【结论】该技术体系可用于梣粉虱的快速准确鉴定及其检测和监测,对有效阻截其进一步传播扩散具有重要作用。     

四种粉虱种群超微形态特征多样性研究

运用扫描电子显微镜对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci、非洲伯粉虱Bemisia afer、温室粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum和柑桔粉虱Dialeurodes citri4种粉虱4龄若虫的超微形态特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,扫描电子显微镜下的超微结构特征可很好地将4种粉虱区分开来,如烟粉虱圆锥状的舌状突,非洲伯粉虱尾沟两侧隆起上形成的横脊,温室粉虱形态典型的乳突和泌蜡孔,柑桔粉虱近圆形的皿状孔及其尾沟内的卵石状乳突等特异特征。并根据种间的超微结构特异特征,编制了不同种的简明检索表。超微形态特征为粉虱种群鉴定提供了可靠的理论参考。     

中国粉虱科新种和新纪录(同翅目)

Takahashi(1931-1955)、杨平澜(1942,1944)曾进行中国粉虱科的分类研究,描记了大量新种;胡经甫(1935)、周尧(1949)先后发表过中国粉虱科名录,汤德(1960)则在周尧名录的基础上,进一步整理出我国粉虱名录,并记述了Aleurolobus属两新种A.peikingi,A.shantungi。迄今为止,我国粉虱科已知159种,分属于30属,2亚科。 本文报导中国粉虱科9种,其中3新种,1中国新记录属,6中国新纪录种。新种模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。文中长度单位为微米(μm)。     

茶黑刺粉虱与樟刺粉虱(半翅目:粉虱科)形态特征的比较观察

通过比较研究茶黑刺粉虱 Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya & Kasai和樟刺粉虱 Aleurocanthus cinnamomi Takahashi形态特征,有助于更好地区分这两种刺粉虱种类。采集这两种粉虱标本,通过体视显微镜和扫描电镜对茶黑刺粉虱和樟刺粉虱不同龄期形态结构进行了系统观察和比较研究;同时将伪蛹制作玻片标本观察。茶黑刺粉虱和樟刺粉虱卵、1 龄若虫和2 龄若虫形态结构比较相似,但是伪蛹形态不同,刺的数量及分布有较大的区别。茶黑刺粉虱中央区隆起,尤其是管状孔区域更明显,位于一个凸起的瘤突上;亚缘区上有10 ~ 11 对刺排列,樟刺粉虱亚缘区具有刺14 对,其中头胸部5 对,腹部9 对。茶黑刺粉虱管状孔隆起,亚心形或近圆形,盖瓣心形,几乎充塞了整个管状孔区域;樟刺粉虱管状孔半圆形,盖瓣半圆形,充塞管状孔一半区域。两种刺粉虱成虫整体上比较相似,复眼、胸部和腹部及前翅基部为橙黄色;前后翅及身体上的白色粉状物都是由后足将腹部蜡盘分泌物覆盖上的,茶黑刺粉虱的粉状物比樟刺粉虱要多。前后翅上有不同形状的白色斑纹,左右翅斑相连,但是樟刺粉虱前翅后缘全白,而茶黑色粉虱前翅后缘仅有部分白斑。本研究结果有助于更好地区分樟刺粉虱和茶黑刺粉虱,为农林生产过程中准确鉴定和防治提供一定的参考资料。     

稻粉虱生物学及其寄生性天敌

稻粉虱Aleuruegbotus indicus David et Subramaniam是近年来在福建水稻上发生为害较为严重的一种害虫。国内六十年以来曾有简要记载,但迄无详细报道。国外在印度最早发现,并于1976年被鉴定命名。本通过饲养观察和田间调查。对稻粉虱的生物学特性作了研究。初步探讨了稻粉虱的形态特征和发育变态。同时对稻粉虱的寄生性天敌怍了初步考查;首次报道了稻粉虱的三种重要寄生性天敌。     

我国桑树五种常见粉虱的超微结构

应用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对我国桑树5种主要粉虱害虫桑粉虱Pealius mori(Takahashi)、杨梅粉虱Parabemisia myricae Kuwana、珊瑚瘤粉虱Aleuroclava aucubae Kuwana、马氏粉虱Aleurdolobus marlatti(Quaintance)和非洲伯粉虱Bemisia afer(Priesner&Hosny)伪蛹的超微形态结构特征进行了系统观察和描述;并对这5种粉虱的主要形态特征进行了比较研究。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV