木莲属(木兰科)5种植物的花粉形态

光学显微镜下观察的木莲属(Manglietia)5种植物的花粉形态相似。长赤道轴大于45μm,属于大的花粉。扫描电镜下观察,花粉外壁均为小穴状雕纹,但毛桃木莲(Manglietia moto)和厚叶木莲(M．pachyphylla)略为粗糙。透射电镜下观察,5种植物花粉外壁均可分为覆盖层、柱状层和基层。覆盖层不连续,有小穿孔。在远极面萌发沟区域,外壁逐渐减薄,最后覆盖层和柱状层消失,仅残留基层。柱状层内空间较密实,内部空隙小,多由颗粒构成,处于小柱发育的初级阶段。孢粉学资料证明木莲属是木兰科最原始的类群。     

盖裂木属两种植物花粉形态观察

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了盖裂木属两种Talauma gloriensis和T.mexicana的花粉形态。花粉粒具远极单萌发沟,椭圆球形,外壁较光滑或略粗糙且具小穴状雕纹。在透射电镜下,花粉外壁可分为覆盖层、柱状层和基层,外壁-2明显,且厚度不均匀。在远极面萌发沟区域,外壁逐渐减薄,最后覆盖层和柱状层消失,仅残留基层。T.gloriensis的柱状层内部空间较小,多由颗粒组成,而T.mexicana柱状层中有发育较好的小柱,与覆盖层和基层连接。     

南水青冈属及壳斗科其他属花粉壁超微结构比较研究

对主要分布于南美和新西兰的南水青冈属Nothofagus 花粉外壁的超微结构进行了观察和研究, 同时与壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的结构进行比较,结果表明,南水青冈属花粉外壁的厚度、结构、萌发孔类 型以及花粉外壁表面的纹饰与壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的超微结构存在明显差别。主要表现为：南水青 冈属花粉外壁的柱状层和内层发育差,为颗粒状;基层和覆盖层无分化结构;覆盖层上为刺状纹饰;萌发 孔为5～8沟。壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的小柱发育好,形成明显的柱状层;覆盖层和基层常具一定的结 构;花粉表面较光滑,或为波状、颗粒或瘤状纹饰;内层发育较好;多数花粉具3孔沟,少数为3沟或3拟 孔沟。本研究认为南水青冈属花粉外壁的结构属于较原始类型,支持kuprianova等将南水青冈属独立为南壳斗科。     

美乐多（Melodorum fruticosum Lour．）花粉形态观察

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察了美乐多（Melodorum fruticosum）的花粉形态特征。美乐多花粉为球形或扁圆形的单粒花粉,外壁纹饰为微褶皱状,有点状凹陷,无任何萌发孔或萌发沟。花粉外壁由外壁外层包括覆盖层（连续）、覆盖下层、基足层（1～3层薄片层结构,偶断裂或扭曲至6～10层）和外壁内层（连续）组成。其中,覆盖下层,其厚度为整个花粉外壁厚度的1／2,为混合型结构,即小柱状和颗粒状同时存在,但以颗粒状为主。花粉内壁分为内壁外层和内壁内层,其厚度逐渐变薄。美乐多的花粉特征（单粒、无萌发孔或沟、覆盖层连续、基足层为薄片层结构、花粉外壁内层薄等）与紫玉盘族其他类群一致。     

单性木兰花粉壁超微结构的研究

本首次报道单性木兰花粉的形态特征和外壁超微结构。花粉外部形态与木兰科各属特征一致,表明单性木兰花粉的原始性。但花粉外壁超微结构显示其外壁表面具皱波状纹饰;覆盖层浪状,具稀疏的小穿孔;柱状层很薄,主柱典型,直立,短而细。外壁超微结构表明单性木兰属在木兰亚族中是一个较进化的属。扫描电镜和透射电镜资料揭示出单性木兰在植物分类系统中的特殊地位和重要学术价值。     

单性木兰花粉壁超微结构的研究

本文首次报道单性木兰花粉的形态特征和外壁超微结构。花粉外部形态与木兰科各属特征一致,表明单性木兰花粉的原始性。但花粉外壁超微结构显示其外壁表面具皱波状纹饰;覆盖层波浪状,具稀疏的小穿孔;柱状层很薄,小柱典型,直立,短而细。外壁超微结构表明单性木兰属在木兰亚族中是一个较进化的属。扫描电镜和透射电镜资料揭示出单性木兰在植物分类系统中的特殊地位和重要学术价值。     

水鳖科9属15种植物花粉形态的研究

应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae 9属15种植物的花粉形态进行 了观察。水鳖科植物花粉为圆球形至近椭球形,无萌发孔或偶为单沟萌发孔,外壁纹饰通常为小刺状纹 饰,刺密集或稀疏,花粉表面具瘤状、疣状、颗粒状、皱波状突起或光滑。外壁由覆盖层、柱状层和基层组 成。覆盖层厚或较薄,柱状层小柱发育不明显,基层薄。水鳖科植物在花粉大小、纹饰类型、刺的长短、 密度、形态、萌发孔的有无以及花粉壁的结构等方面表现出了较为明显的差异,这些特征对探讨类群间 关系具有较重要意义。由于黑藻属Hydrilla和Stratiotes属花粉较为特殊,支持将它们各自作为一个独立 的族处理。水鳖科植物花粉外壁纹饰和结构特点表明该科与水雍科Aponogetonaceae、泽泻科Alismataceae 和花蔺科Butomaceae等近缘,而该科植物花粉大多无萌发孔等则反应了该科与茨藻目Najadales植物有密切联系。     

木通科、大血藤科花粉壁的超微结构研究

应用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了木通科Decaisnea,Sinofr-anchetia,Holboellia,Stauntonia属以及大血藤科Sargentodoxa属共18种植物花粉壁的超微结构。所观察的木通科和大血藤科植物具较发达的覆盖层和柱状层;外壁内层以及内壁均在萌发沟处明显增厚;基层通常不甚发达。与扫描特征相对应的覆盖层结构特征,显示出类群的特异性。在Stauntonia属,覆盖层富于形态变化,反映出该属在木通科中较进化的地位;大血藤(Sarg-entodoxa cuneata)花粉壁结构隶属木通型花粉结构,表明大血藤科与木通科的密切关系。     

中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国石蒜属Lycoris Herb.11种植物花粉形态进行系统地研究,并对其中6种具有代表性植物花粉进行了透射电镜观察。该属植物花粉舟形或肾形;萌发孔为远极单槽;在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察,外壁具网状纹饰;在透射电镜下观察,外壁包括外壁-1和外壁-2两层,外壁-1由半覆盖层、柱状层和基层组成,外壁-2很薄。根据花粉形态及其他器官特征,对本属植物分类地位也进行了一些讨论。     

水雍科植物的花粉形态研究

应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对世界水雍科6种植物的花粉形态进行了观察。水雍科植物花粉为舟形或船形,具远极单沟萌发孔类型,外壁纹饰通常为浅网状至网状,稀为小刺状纹饰,外壁外层由覆盖层、柱状层和基层组成,覆盖层厚。水雍科植物花粉外壁纹饰表现了从小刺状向网状的过渡。该科花粉为远极单沟,覆盖层厚,具小刺等特征反映了其与水鳖科和泽泻目花蔺科的密切联系,而该科花粉外壁纹饰多为网状则与茨藻目植物接近。这一结果支持将水雍科从茨藻目中分出作为一个独立的目处理的观点。此外,水雍科植物的花粉大小、纹饰类型、网眼大小与深浅等方面的差异对种级分类有一定意义。     

中国木兰属部分种的核型分析

对我国木兰属（Ｍａｇｎｏｌｉａ）１２个种的核型进行了分析,ｘ＝１９,厚朴、凹叶厚朴、红花山玉兰、山玉兰、天目木兰、夜合为二倍体,２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３８;紫玉兰、玉兰、玉堂春为四倍体,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝７６;乐东木兰、荷花玉兰、狭叶荷花玉兰为六倍体,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝１１４,该属具有属内多倍体（次生多倍化）。核型分析结果表明：木兰属种间核型差异较小,大部分为中部着丝粒染色体（ｍ）,少数为具近中部着丝粒染色体（ｓｍ）,二倍体种中只有一对具近端部着丝粒染色体（ｓｔ）,其核型均为２Ｂ型。     

Reproductive and Pollination Biology of Magnolia and its Allied Genera (Magnoliaceae). I. Floral Volatiles of Several Magnolia and Michelia Species and their Roles in Attracting Insects

Abstract Volatile substances emitted from the flowers of eight Magnolia taxa ( M. sieboldii ssp. japonica, M. praecocissima var. praecocissima and var. borealis, M. tomentosa, M. salicifolia, M. obovata, M. denudata, and M. grandiflora ) and one Michelia species ( M. compressa ) (Magnoliaceae) were examined and identified using GC-MS. Volatile substances of these Magnolia and Michelia species consist primarily of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids produced by the mevalonate pathway, acetogenins by the acetate-malonate pathway, and phenyl-propanoids by the shikimate pathway. These Magnolia and Michelia species all possessed various combinations of volatile monoterpenoids, acetogenins, and phenylpropanoids, except for Magnolia obovata , which emitted primarily sesquiterpenoids. Free amino acids in pollen of 12 Magnolia and one Liriodendron species were also analyzed, and their value as food sources for pollinators evaluated.
Pollinators visiting the flowers of five Magnolia species were collected in their native sites and identified. Their behaviors and roles as pollinating agents were assessed.     

A new elater-bearing Late Albian pollen species from offshore eastern Saudi Arabia

A new elater-bearing pollen referable to Elaterocolpites is described from Late Albian sediments of the Arabian Gulf, offshore eastern Saudi Arabia. This pollen has a main body consisting of five elater-like projections in the equatorial area and five colpi, one colpus at the base of each projection. The exine has three layers. The foot-layer forms the nexine whereas the other two layers, the baculate-layer and the tectum, form the sexine. The exine structure has an angiosperm affinity. The pollen occurs within the Middle Cretaceous phytogeoprovince characterized by its elater-bearing palynomorph occurrences.     

厚朴基原植物及其4个近缘种的花粉鉴定

采用扫描电镜对2种厚朴基原植物(厚朴Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.、凹叶厚朴M.officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils.)及4种近缘植物(玉兰M.denudata Desr.、紫玉兰M.liliiflora Desr.、望春玉兰M.biondii Pampan.、荷花玉兰M.grandiflora L.)的花粉形态、表面纹饰和大小进行了观察研究。结果显示:(1)6种植物的花粉粒均为单粒,具远极单萌发沟,沟长,直达两端,左右对称,异极;侧面观均为舟形,两端较尖,赤道面观为椭圆形或近椭圆形,极面观均为近圆形;外壁均具小穴状或网状纹饰。(2)厚朴的小穴状纹饰小而浅,不明显;凹叶厚朴的小穴状纹饰小但较深,也不甚明显;相比之下,紫玉兰、玉兰、望春玉兰和荷花玉兰的花粉粒表面密布不规则隆起及深穴点,明显。(3)6种植物花粉粒由大至小依次为:荷花玉兰凹叶厚朴厚朴玉兰紫玉兰望春玉兰。3种不同的花粉处理方法中,自然干燥法能清晰地观察到花粉的扫描电镜特征,此方法优于戊二醛固定法和叔丁醇真空冷冻干燥法。本研究结果为厚朴中药资源的基原植物及其近缘种鉴定提供了新的证据,也为现代植物从种及亚种级水平分类提供了参考。     

Chromosome Numbers of Some Species in the Family Magnoliaceae in China

The present work reports the chromosome numbers of 30 species of 7 genera of Magnoliaceae in China. The chromosome numbers of Liridendron chinense, Magnolia officinalis, M. liliflora, Michelia rigo and M. champaca are consistent with those previously reported Magnolia denudata was reported 2n=114, but our result shows 2n= 76; M. grandiflora was reported 2n=112, 114, but here 2n=114. Chromosome numbers of the other 23 species are reported for the first time. Vouchers for experimental materials have been preserved in Herbarium of the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin.     

DNA sequences from Miocene fossils: an ndhF sequence of Magnolia latahensis (Magnoliaceae) and an rbcL sequence of Persea pseudocarolinensis (Lauraceae)

We report a partial ndhF sequence (1528 bp) of Magnolia latahensis and a partial rbcL sequence (699 bp) of Persea pseudocarolinensis from the Clarkia fossil beds of Idaho, USA (Miocene; 17-20 million years [my] BP). The ndhF sequence from M. latahensis was identical to those of extant M. grandiflora, M. schiediana, M. guatemalensis, and M. tamaulipana. Parsimony analysis of the ndhF sequence of M. latahensis and previously reported ndhF sequences for Magnoliaceae placed M. latahensis within Magnolia as a member of the Theorhodon clade. This result is reasonable considering that: (1) the morphology of M. latahensis is very similar to that of extant M. grandiflora, and (2) a recent molecular phylogenetic study of Magnoliaceae showed that the maximum sequence divergence of ndhF among extant species is very low (1.05% in subfamily Magnolioideae) compared with other angiosperm families. We reanalyzed the previously reported rbcL sequence of M. latahensis with sequences for all major lineages of extant Magnoliales and Laurales. This sequence is sister to Liriodendron, rather than grouped with a close relative of M. grandiflora as predicted by morphology and the results of the ndhF analysis, possibly due to a few erroneous base calls in the sequences. The rbcL sequence of P. pseudocarolinensis differed from rbcL of extant Persea species by 3-6 nucleotides and from rbcL of extant Sassafras albidum by two nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequences for all major lineages of Magnoliales and Laurales placed the fossil P. pseudocarolinensis within Lauraceae and as sister to S. albidum. These results reinforce the suggestion that Clarkia and other similar sites hold untapped potential for molecular analysis of fossils.     

滇南风吹楠花粉形态观察

采用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对滇南风吹楠的花粉形态进行观察.滇南风吹楠的花粉粒呈单粒存在,远极面观为椭圆形,近极面观大体为三角形,为不等极,两侧对称.花粉粒具一条远极单萌发沟;花粉大小为(15)19.90(21) μm×(20)22.50(25) μm.花粉粒外壁纹饰为网状,网脊平均宽度为0.29 μm;网眼形状不规则...     

四种园林植物的热值与养分特征

测定了蔷薇科植物美人梅、樱花和木兰科植物白玉兰、广玉兰不同组分的热值、养分和灰分含量, 探讨4种植物不同发育阶段根系、枝干和叶等器官的热值分配特征及其影响因子. 结果表明: 4种植物不同组分干质量热值和去灰分热值在17.02～21.93 kJ·g^-1和18.42～22.57 kJ·g^-1之间; 叶片和细根具有较高的干质量热值和去灰分热值, 去灰分热值随着根系和茎干（枝）的发育呈减小趋势. 美人梅和樱花的干质量热值和去灰分热值总体上高于白玉兰和广玉兰. 细根干质量热值和去灰分热值与其养分和灰分含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01). 随着根系的发育, 干质量热值和去灰分热值与有机碳含量的相关性逐渐降低, 不同器官干质量热值与全氮含量相关性最强.