中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国石蒜属ＬｙｃｏｒｉｓＨｅｒｂ．１１种植物花粉形态进行系统地研究,并对其中６种具有代表性植物花粉进行了透射电镜观察。该属植物花粉舟形或肾形;萌发孔为远极单槽;在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察,外壁具网状纹饰;在透射电镜下观察,外壁包括外壁－１和外壁－２两层,外壁－１是由半覆盖层、柱状层和基层组成,外壁－２很薄。根据花粉形态及其他器官特征,对本属植物分类地位也进行了一些讨论。     

五种木兰属植物的花粉形态

对木兰属(Magnolia)5种花粉进行了光学显微镜观察,形态相似。扫描电镜下观察,花粉外壁均为小穴状纹饰,荷花玉兰(M．grandiflora)略为粗糙。透射电镜下观察,5种花粉外壁均可分为覆盖层、柱状层和基层。覆盖层不连续,有小穿孔。在远极面萌发沟区域,外壁逐渐减薄,最后覆盖层和柱状层消失,仅残留基层。柱状层内部空隙较小,多由颗粒构成,处于小柱发育的初级阶段。荷花玉兰和玉兰萌发沟区域下有明显的外壁-2。木兰属花粉属于原始类型的代表。     

国产杜英科花粉形态的研究

本文对国产杜英科3属28种的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜观察,并对其中15种进行了扫描电镜观察。观察结果表明杜英科花粉属于小型花粉,3孔沟,沟达极区,内孔横长,在光学显微镜下外壁光滑,外壁内外层分层不明显,两层近相等,3属很难区分;在扫描电镜下,杜英属花粉外壁纹饰分为颗粒状、皱网状和穴状或穴网状三种类型,猴欢喜属花粉外壁纹饰仅有皱网状一种类型,两届难以区别;而文丁果届具有明显的网状纹饰,与另外两属有明显区别。在本科中花粉演化趋势之一可能是向体积增大的方向进行。在花粉形态上与椴树科区别明显,支持将杜共科作为独立的科。同时,花粉形态特征还显示了与大风子科、红树科等的部分相似性。     

中国茄科天仙子亚族的花粉形态研究

本文作者对国产茄科天仙子亚族6个属、12种植物的花粉,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和 透射电镜观察了它们外壁雕纹、萌发孔的类型以及外壁层次的结构。 本亚族花粉以无萌发孔 和三孔沟类型为主,其次为三沟和拟沟类型。根据花粉资料,表明花粉形态特征对于论证该亚族内属的界限和属间系统发育的关系,可以提供重要的依据。     

中国鸢尾属花粉形态研究

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对我国产鸢尾属Iris L．32种植物的花粉形态进行 了观察。该属植物的花粉为舟形或近球形。萌发孔可分为远极单沟、远极单沟-拟沟、二合 沟及无萌发孔等类型。外壁主要为网状纹饰,少数具瘤状或鼓槌状纹饰。本文依据花粉形态 和其它器官特征,对本属花粉外壁及萌发孔的演化趋势及某些种的分类地位进行了探讨。     

侧金盏花属（Adonis L.）植物花粉形态研究

本文利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对国产9种1变种及外国产8种侧金盏花属植物的花粉形态进行了研究,认为该属的花粉可以划分为2个大类型,这与根据外部形态分类划分的两个组是吻合的。另外根据本届花粉形态的变异,又将其中的1个大类型划分为4个亚类型。为进一步讨论该属的系统关系提供依据。 侧金盏花属植物是隶属于毛莨科毛莨族中的一个小属,约有30余种,分布于欧、亚大陆。我国有10种、1变种和2变型,分布于西南、西北、东北和山西等省区。本属植物的花粉形态过去在文献上曾有一些记载,如R.P.Wodhouse(1936)对本属的夏侧金盏花A.aestivalis)和A.vernalis进行了研究。《中国植物花粉形态》(1960)一书仅借助于光学显微镜描述了侧金盏花(A.amurensis)的花粉形态。T.Santisuk(1979)对本属12种(其中有4种产中国)的花粉形态进行了观察研究。但是,以上学者只是对本属植物的花粉形态作了轮廓性和描述和简单的讨论。他们报道该属的花粉为椭圆形或球形,具三沟、沟长而狭,轮廓不显著,沟膜具颗粒状雕纹;外壁分二层,外层厚,表面具刺状雕纹等。本文对国产的9种1变种以及外国的8种花粉形态分别利用了光学显微镜和扫描电镜进行了观察研究。     

中国沙拐枣属植物花粉形态及其在地层研究中的意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了中国沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)11种植物的花粉形态。按扫描电镜下的外壁纹饰分类,该属花粉可分为4种类型,即:网纹-穴状具圆形或近圆形网眼、网纹-穴状具多角型网眼、网纹-穿孔和网纹-穿孔或小沟渠。它们的演化趋势是从前面类型依次向后面类型演化。根据花粉内孔的形状,沙拐枣属植物花粉可区别于蓼科其它属植物三孔沟类型花粉。     

四川前胡属的花粉形态及系统学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了前胡属 Peucedanum L.7种植物的花粉形态 .研究结果表明 :该属花粉为三棱长球形 ;三孔沟 ,边孔 ;外壁两层 ,层次分明 .根据花粉形态可归为 :矩形型和赤道收缩形型二个类型 ,其演化趋势为矩形型→赤道收缩形型 .研究结果支持了关于前胡属在伞形科中是一个较自然和较进化的类群的观点 .本文从孢粉学角度还初步分析了该属的属下系统 ,为该属的系统学研究提供基础资料     

四川前胡属的花粉形态及系统学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了前胡属Peucedanum L．7种植物的花粉形态。研究结果表明：该属花粉为三棱长球形;三孔沟,边孔;外壁两层,层次分明。根据花粉形态可归为：矩形型和赤道收缩形型二个类型,其演化趋势为矩形型→赤道收缩形型。研究结果支持了关于前胡属在伞形科中是一个较自然和较进化的类群的观点。本文从孢粉学角度还初步分析了该属的属下系统,为该属的系统学研究提供基础资料。     

中国槲寄生属花粉形态的研究

首次系统地报道中国槲寄生属10种植物花粉形态。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,国产槲寄生属种类可按花粉的外壁纹饰分为两大类群,与形态上划分相一致。类群Ⅰ(8种)具不显著或近光滑的外壁纹饰,这一类型又可分为2个亚型:纹饰在花粉各个部位基本上是一致的和纹饰在赤道和极、沟两侧不一致的;类群Ⅱ(2种)外壁具显著的杆状纹饰。但花粉性状对形态上相近的种类鉴定意义不大。还讨论了槲寄生属花粉的可能的演化趋势。     

贡嘎山鳞毛蕨属新资料

报道了贡嘎山鳞毛蕨属一新种─—贡嘎鳞毛蕨（Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｇｏｎｇｇａｅｎｓｉｓ）和该属的２个四川新记录种。     

A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Dryopteris Subgenus Erythrovariae (H. Ito) Fraser-Jenkins from Yunnan

In the present paper, the circum cription of the genus Dryopteris subgenus Erythrovariae (H. Ito) Fraser-Jenkins is revised, and a taxonomic study on the subgenus from Yunnan Province is carried out .The subgenus contains 2 sections, 12 species in Yunnan, of which D. yongdeensis W. M. Chu is a new species, D. championii, D. erythrosora, D. gymnosora, D. indusiata and D. integriloba are first recorded from Yunnan. The confusion between Dryopteris labordei and D. gymnosora is clarified, the former being treated as an independentspecies.     

Reproductive biology of three fern species may contribute to differential colonization success in post-agricultural forests

Because selfing enables a single individual to reproduce in a new location, the ability to self-fertilize should enhance plants' capacity for colonization. This study examined whether selfing ability correlated with successful migration in three fern species, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris intermedia, and Polystichum acrostichoides, which vary in their ability to colonize forests on abandoned agricultural lands in central New York, USA. Polystichum acrostichoides is much more frequent in forests that were never cleared for agriculture, D. carthusiana is more frequent in forests that developed on former fields, and D. intermedia is equally frequent in the two forest types. To test the hypothesis that better-colonizing species and post-agricultural forest populations have greater selfing ability, I assessed the sporophyte production of gametophytes grown in isolation and in pairs of varying relatedness. Dryopteris carthusiana had the highest reproductive success and selfing ability and P. acrostichoides the lowest. These results support the hypothesis that selfing may facilitate colonization in these species. They also exemplify the general pattern that polyploid fern species have higher rates of self-fertilization than related diploids, as the allotetraploid D. carthusiana had greater selfing ability than both diploid species.     

湖北鳞毛蕨属植物的地理分布及区系特征

对湖北鳞毛蕨后植物的地理分布和区系特点进行了研究。鳞毛蕨后植物广布于世界各地,该后的分布和多样性中心位于中国西南部和东喜马拉雅山区;另一中心则位于日本,中国东南部和南部。鳞毛蕨后是一个自然的北温带分布属。中国有鳞毛蕨后植物134种(包括7变种),西南地区(云南、四川、贵州等)是国产鳞毛蕨属植物分布最集中的地区。区系分析表明：湖北鳞毛蕨后植物种类比较丰富,有36种,主要分布于鄂西北和鄂西南山区,是构成湖北森林植物区系林下草本植物的主要成分之一;地理成分比较复杂,种的分析显示出以中国一日本分布和中国持有分布为主的特点;与相邻省鳞毛蕨属植物区系的关系比较密切;区系过渡性明显。     

Remarks on the Nomenclature of“Dryopteris borreri Newman I854”

The nameDryopteris borreri Newman 1854 was not validly published in the specific rank. A new nameDryopteris pseudo-mas (Wollaston) Holub etPouzar 1967 is proposed as the correct name for this European species.     

Anatomy of six species of Dryopteris ferns (Dryopteridaceae) from Mexico

Rhizome and foliar anatomy of the Mexican Dryopteris Adans. species were studied and compared with other Dryopteridaceae and other fern families to identify anatomical features with diagnostic value. The anatomy of rhizome, stipe, and blade is similar in species of the Dryopteris patula complex. The cells with un-lignified, thickened wall, with cap or U-shape around the meristeles belong to the collenchyma, in contrast with other fern families. Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl. is anatomically distinguished from the other studied species by having more layers of sclerenchyma and meristeles on the stipe, and by the lack of sclereid nests on the rhizome. Dryopteris rossii C. Chr. and D. maxonii Underw. & C. Chr. are characterized by the presence of crystals on the periphery of rhizome nests. D. maxonni and D. wallichiana lack blade glands.     

湖北鳞毛蕨属植物分布新记录

报道了湖北鳞毛蕨属8个新记录种,所引证的标本。全部收藏于中国科学院武汉植物研究所标本馆（HIB）。     

尾孢菌属一新种

本文报道寄生在鳞毛颜料（DryoPteridaceae）卵果蕨（DryopterispolypodioidesFee）上的尾孢菌属一新种——鳞毛藏尾孢（CercosporadryopteridisY.L.Guo,sp.nov.）。尾孢菌属真菌在鳞毛蕨科是首次报道。鳞毛蕨尾孢叶斑角状至不规则形,灰白色至浅黄褐色。子实体主要生在叶背面。分生孢子梗单生或2～12根簇生,青黄褐色至中度褐色,顶部色泽较浅,宽度不规则,常基部较宽,不分枝或偶具分枝,1～4个屈膝状折点,1～5个隔膜,40～150（～210）×4．3～6μm。孢痕疤明显加厚,宽2．5～3.2μm。分生孢子无色,针形,直立或弯曲,顶端尖细,基部平截,具不明显的多个隔膜,95～250×3.7～4.8μm。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介并附图。模式标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室（HMAS）。     

Reconstructing Dryopteris "semicristata" (Dryopteridaceae): Molecular profiles of tetraploids verify their undiscovered diploid ancestor

? Premise of the study: Discovering missing ancestors is essential to understanding the evolutionary history of biodiversity on Earth. Evidence from extinct species can provide links for reconstructing intricate patterns of reticulate relationships among extant descendents. When fossils are unavailable and other evidence yields competing hypotheses to explain species ancestry, data from proteins and DNA can help resolve conflicts and generate novel perspectives. The identity of a parent shared by two tetraploid species in the cosmopolitan fern genus Dryopteris has remained elusive for more than 50 years. Based on available data, four hypotheses were developed previously, each providing a different resolution to this uncertainty. ? Methods: New molecular evidence from studies of isozymes and restriction site analysis of chloroplast DNA tested the competing hypotheses about the diploid ancestors of these two extant Dryopteris polyploids. ? Key results: The results falsify two of the hypotheses, resolve the uncertainty in the third, and support the fourth. ? Conclusions: Our data validate the prior existence of Dryopteris "semicristata," which was proposed 38 years ago as a diploid progenitor of the allotetraploids D. cristata and D. carthusiana but has never been collected. After developing a phylogeny using the new molecular data, we describe a plausible morphology for D. "semicristata" by extrapolating likely character states from related extant species.