香溪河流域河流中树叶分解速率的比较研究

应用分解网袋法,对神农架地区的1条1级支流河岸林4种乔木树种的树叶凋落物进行了连续90d的分解研究。结果表明,不同树种树叶干重的损失程度不一样,华西枫杨,连香树树叶干重损失达77%,71%;而米心水青冈和多脉青冈树叶干重损失为43%和42%,利用指数方程Wt=W0e^-kt对4种树叶凋落物的干重损失过程进行拟合,效果较好,根据分解速率值的大小,将华西枫杨,连香树划分为快组,米心水青冈和多脉青冈树叶干重损失为43%和42%,利用指数方程Wt=W0e^-kt对4种树叶凋落物的干重损失过程进行拟合,效果较好,根据分解速率值的大小,将华西枫杨,连香树划分为快组,米心水青冈和多脉青冈为中等组,收集到无脊椎动物22种,分属于3纲、6目、21科,在不同时期,不同植物种类叶袋中无脊椎动物的数量各不相同,可能与树叶中营养成分的不同有关,在早期分解阶段。无脊椎动物数量较多,个体体长较短;在分解中后期,个体绝对数量减少,但个体体长增加。     

两种树叶在华南地区贫营养型池塘中的分解速率研究

在热带亚热带地区,凋落物在湖泊、湿地中的分解过程知之甚少。为了解亚热带地区树叶凋落物在静水环境中的分解状况,利用分解网袋法对2种树叶（大叶相思和人心果）在广州长岗山自然保护小区一贫营养型池塘中进行了为期130d的树叶分解研究。结果显示,两种树叶在池塘中的分解速度非常缓慢,130d后大叶相思和人心果树叶的干重剩余率分别为74.3％和77．5％,经指数衰减模型拟合,两者的分解速率系数（k）分别为0．00145d^-1和0．00105d^-1。定殖在两种树叶上的大型底栖动物仅5种,其中优势类群为摇蚊幼虫和钩虾。结果表明寡营养型池塘中大型底栖动物功能摄食群中撕食者种类与数量的稀少是引起这两种树叶分解缓慢的主要因素之一。     

外来植物凋落物分解对底栖动物多样性及其摄食功能群的影响

在亚热带地区一条2级溪流中比较了本地植物(红锥和薏米)和外来植物(托里桉和马缨丹)凋落物的分解速率及底栖动物定殖及其摄食功能群的组成。结果显示,本地植物凋落物的分解速率为:0.020 d-1(红锥)和0.056 d-1(薏米),外来树叶的分解速率则为:0.038 d-1(托里桉)和0.041 d-1(马缨丹),它们均属于快速分解组。定殖在外来和本地树叶凋落物上的大型底栖动物种类分别为21种和24种。在外来和本地树叶上定殖的底栖动物平均密度差异不显著(P0.05)。从大型底栖动物摄食功能群的比例来看,定殖在本地凋落物上的集食者的比例最高(73.5%),其次是撕食者(10.9%)和捕食者(8.7%),刮食者(6.8%)的比例最低,在外来凋落物上,摄食功能群的比例分别为集食者(67.6%)、撕食者(13.9%)、刮食者(12.1%)和捕食者(6.1%),两者相比,底栖动物的摄食功能群均以集食者和撕食者为主,在组成比例上并无显著差异。结果表明2种外来植物凋落物分解对底栖动物多样性及其摄食功能群的影响不明显。     

基于树叶凋落物分解速率的溪流生态系统健康评价——以广东横石水河为例

用Gessner等提出的树叶凋落物分解模式对横石水河的功能完整性和生态系统健康进行评价,对比了藜蒴和荷木2个树种的树叶凋落物在横石水河各污染样点和未受污染样点的分解速率.结果表明：藜蒴和荷木树叶凋落物在研究区污染样点的分解速率均显著低于清洁样点（P<0.05）;根据Gessner模式,各污染样点的环境得分均为0,而各清洁样点的环境得分均为2,表明横石水河污染河段的健康状态已受到严重破坏.研究区生态系统健康的生物学评价与水质分析结果一致,表明树叶凋落物分解模式是一个合适的评价河流状态的指数.     

固氮树种在混交林中的作用研究Ⅲ.固氮树种凋落物分解及N的释放

研究了１１种固氮和非固氮树种凋落物分解及可利用态Ｎ的释放．结果表明,固氮树木凋落物中Ｎ的生物分解系数、落叶分解过程中干重的损失率及有效态氮的释放分别比非固氮树种高出１．３、１．５和８．２倍．     

广西主要人工林凋落物分解过程及其对淋溶水质的影响

为探讨不同人工林各组分凋落物分解过程特征及其释放物质对淋溶水质的影响,恒温(28 ℃)培养条件下,在室内人工定期淋水模拟自然环境中凋落物的淋溶过程,对1年生和4年生尾巨桉、7年生杂交相思、13年生马尾松以及软阔林5种人工林的凋落叶、凋落枝、凋落皮进行255 d的模拟淋溶.结果表明：1年生和4年生尾巨桉各组分凋落物分解0～105 d的淋溶液色度和化学需氧量（COD）、总N和总P含量显著高于杂交相思、马尾松、软阔林,淋溶液pH值显著低于其他3种林分人工林;至255 d,1年生和4年生尾巨桉凋落叶淋溶液的COD累积量（193.9和212.8 g·kg^-1）分别是杂交相思、马尾松、软阔林的4.2、4.0、4.3倍和5.3、4.4、4.7倍;1年生尾巨桉凋落叶质量损失率、N和P淋失率显著大于杂交相思、马尾松和软阔林,凋落皮显著大于马尾松,而凋落枝与后三者基本相当.1年生尾巨桉凋落叶和凋落皮比4年生尾巨桉更易被分解淋溶,但凋落枝差异不显著.5种林分凋落物不同组分间,凋落叶最易被分解淋溶,凋落枝难于被分解淋溶.尾巨桉凋落物淋溶液pH值与色度、COD含量呈显著负相关,COD与色度、总N和总P呈显著正相关.     

模拟酸雨对亚热带典型树种叶凋落物分解的影响

通过在酸雨胁迫下中国亚热带典型树种马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)、木荷(Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.)、青冈 (Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunberg) oersted)叶凋落物分解的比较研究,试图分析亚热带区域日益严重的酸雨是否会对森林凋落物的分解产生影响,从而揭示酸雨胁迫下凋落物分解的变化规律.利用网袋法进行试验,共设计有3个区组:酸雨对照处理(pH5.6)、中度酸雨胁迫(pH4.0)、重度酸雨胁迫(pH2.5).试验结果表明:酸雨对3种亚热带树种凋落叶片的影响比较显著,通常会减慢凋落分解的速率.酸雨对照处理(pH5.6)、中度酸雨胁迫(pH4.0)和重度酸雨胁迫(pH2.5)三个处理对分解系数的影响,马尾松的分别为:0.49、0.34、0.25;木荷的分别为:0.70、0.34、0.32;青冈的分别为:0.64、0.23、0.21;酸雨对马尾松、木荷、青冈叶的凋落物的干重剩余率影响的大小为:pH(2.5)>pH(4.0)>pH(5.6).中度酸雨处理(pH4.0)和重度酸雨处理(pH2.5)影响叶凋落物分解95%的时间分别推迟了:马尾松2.697a、5.869a;木荷4 531a、5.082a;青冈8.344a、9.584a.     

浇水频率和凋落物覆盖量对黧蒴锥种子萌发及幼苗存活的影响

黧蒴锥是华南用于人工造林和生态恢复的优良乡土树种.选取浇水频率和凋落物覆盖量两个控制因子,研究在不同的土壤湿度和凋落物覆盖量条件下,黧蒴锥种子萌发及幼苗存活和生长特征.结果表明: 凋落物对黧蒴锥种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响与环境的潮湿程度相关.当浇水频率为每天1次时,凋落物覆盖会抑制黧蒴锥种子萌发和幼苗早期生长,导致种子萌发率降低、幼苗死亡率提高; 在浇水频率为2 d 1次和3 d 1次时,凋落物覆盖可以改善土壤的水分状况,有助于种子萌发和幼苗存活.凋落物覆盖还可以显著地提高幼苗的生物量.在通过播种来实现亚热带灌木林地更新时,可利用凋落物覆盖促进黧蒴锥的种子萌发和幼苗存活.     

热带尖峰岭和亚热带千岛湖六种凋落叶的分解特征

选取亚热带6个树种马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、木荷(Schima superba)、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)和苏铁(Cycas revoluta)的凋落物,在亚热带的千岛湖和热带的尖峰岭进行凋落物分解实验,研究不同气候带下凋落物的分解特征。两样地的年均气温和降水为主要差异,年均温差达3.0℃。结果表明:两个样地凋落物的分解速率顺序为:毛竹﹥木荷﹥青冈﹥马尾松﹥水杉﹥苏铁,尖峰岭样地6个树种95%分解所需的时间集中在3.22-8.81a,千岛湖样地95%分解所需的时间为4.61-14.27a。6种凋落物叶的分解速率尖峰岭显著大于千岛湖(P0.05)。用尖峰岭的气候条件来模拟千岛湖气候变暖后的状况,凋落物分解的分解速率将提高43.08%-95.65%,凋落物的95%分解时间将缩短30.15%-48.85%。凋落物分解的表观Q10在3.30-9.35之间。在千岛湖样地凋落物的分解速率(k值)与初始氮含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),与木质素含量呈显著负相关(P0.05);在尖峰岭样地,凋落物的分解速率与凋落物基质质量的各因子相关性均不显著。氮含量和木质素含量在中亚热带地区是预测凋落物分解和失重的良好指标,在热带地区气候因子对凋落物分解的控制作用较强于凋落物初始基质质量的控制作用。     

不同化学性质叶凋落物添加对土壤有机碳矿化及激发效应的影响

凋落物输入可显著影响土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化速率,但添加不同化学性质叶凋落物对土壤有机碳矿化释放CO₂及激发效应的影响及其机理仍不清楚。本研究将亚热带6种树种¹³C标记的叶凋落物添加至天然次生林0～10 cm原位土柱中,比较不同树种叶凋落物添加对土壤总CO₂、外源凋落物和土壤来源CO₂释放速率和累积量以及激发效应的影响,并量化叶凋落物化学性质与土壤CO₂释放累积量、激发效应的相关关系。结果表明: 添加叶凋落物能够显著提高土壤总CO₂和土壤来源CO₂释放量,存在显著正激发效应,激发效应值为68%～128%。不同树种叶凋落物添加对土壤有机碳矿化和激发效应的影响存在显著差异。Pearson相关分析和逐步多元线性回归分析发现,凋落物来源CO₂释放累积量与叶凋落物C、P和纤维素含量呈显著负相关,而土壤来源CO₂释放量与叶凋落物C:N和木质素:N呈显著正相关。综上,不同化学性质的叶凋落物对土壤有机碳矿化和激发效应的影响存在异质性,在亚热带地区森林类型转变过程中营造具有高质量叶凋落物的人工林将有助于减少森林土壤碳损失。     

Leaching and early mass loss of boreal leaves and wood in oligotrophic water

Following immersion in water, allochthonous litter undergoes aprocess of substantial leaching that is difficult to quantify yetimportant to exclude from analyses of the role ofmacroinvertebrates in subsequent breakdown. Laboratory experimentswhich measured the aqueous release of total phosphorus anddissolved organic carbon from undried leaves (deciduous andconiferous) and woody debris (twigs and bark) revealed that theperiod of leaching is a prolonged process developing over weeks.Immersion of litter from 6 species of riparian trees in 4oligotrophic Canadian Shield lakes demonstrated that undried leaveslost 6 to 18% of their mass after 2 wk, and woody debrisexperienced 0.2 to 27% mass loss after 7 wk. Studies concernedwith quantifying the role of macroinvertebrates in the breakdown ofallochthonous litter in lentic water should therefore disregardsuch mass losses.     

亚热带不同树种凋落叶分解对氮添加的响应

为探究不同质量凋落物对氮(N)沉降的响应, 该研究采用尼龙网袋分解法, 在亚热带福建三明格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii)自然保护区的米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)天然林, 选取4种本区常见的具有不同初始化学性质的树种凋落叶进行模拟N沉降(N添加)分解实验(施N水平为对照0和50 kg·hm ^-2·a ^-1)。研究结果表明: 在2年的分解期内, 对照处理的各树种凋落叶的分解速率依次为观光木(Michelia odora, 0.557 a ^-1)、米槠(0.440 a ^-1)、台湾相思(Acacia confusa, 0.357 a ^-1)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata, 0.354 a ^-1); N添加处理凋落叶分解速率依次为观光木(0.447 a ^-1)、米槠(0.354 a ^-1)、杉木(0.291 a ^-1)、台湾相思(0.230 a ^-1), 除杉木凋落叶外, N添加显著降低了其他3种凋落叶分解速率。N添加不仅使4种树木凋落叶分解过程中的N释放减慢, 同时还抑制凋落叶化学组成中木质素和纤维素的降解; N添加在凋落叶分解过程中总体上提高β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)和酸性磷酸酶活性, 对纤维素水解酶的活性影响不一致, 而降低β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性和酚氧化酶活性。凋落叶分解速率与凋落叶中的碳获取酶(βG)活性以及其化学组分中的可萃取物含量极显著正相关, 与初始碳浓度、纤维素和木质素含量极显著负相关, 与初始N含量没有显著相关性。凋落物类型和N添加的交互作用虽未影响干质量损失速率, 但对木质素和纤维素的降解具有显著效应。综上所述, 化学组分比初始N含量能更好地预测凋落叶分解速率, 而N添加主要通过抑制分解木质素的氧化酶(如PHO)来降低凋落叶分解速率。     

Variable effects of air-drying on leaching losses from tree leaf litter

Leaching of soluble substances may be an important first step in leaf litter decomposition in small streams, but recent research has suggested that large leaching losses (up to 30% of initial mass in 48 h) may be an artifact created by using air-dried leaves in decomposition experiments. In laboratory experiments, we compared 3 d leaching losses from freshly fallen and air-dried senescent leaves of 27 tree species from different regions across Canada. Air-dried leaves from all species leached measurable amounts of original mass (3.6–32.8% dry mass), but leaching losses from fresh leaves (0–35%) were detectable in all but two species. Air-drying increased leaching losses in many species, but in others it reduced leaching losses or had no measurable effect. Results for leaves of the same species collected in different regions or in different years were generally similar, but species within the same genus often behaved very differently. Neither moisture content (fresh or air-dried), leaf thickness, nor cuticle thickness proved of any value as predictors of leaching losses or the effect of air-drying. The propensity of autumn-fallen leaves to leach, whether fresh or air-dried, appears to be a property of the individual tree species.     

两种树叶在华南地区陆地与水环境中的分解速率比较

利用粗细2种孔径的分解袋对两种树叶(蒲桃和白兰)在广州长岗山自然保护小区的陆地和池塘中分别进行了为期210d和60d的分解研究.在陆地环境中,蒲桃在粗细网袋中的分解速率分别为0.003318d^-1和0.003728d^-1,白兰在粗细网袋中的分解速率分别为0.009238d^-1和0.004379d^-1;在静水环境中,蒲桃在粗细网袋中的分解速率分别为0.009536d^-1和0.012591d^-1,白兰在粗细网袋中的分解速率分别为0.017949d^-1和0.020759d^-1.结果表明,两种树叶在陆地中的分解速率均慢于水环境.另外,由于富含丹宁的蒲桃叶片具有抑菌作用,因此,无论在陆地还是水环境,蒲桃树叶的分解速率均慢于白兰树叶.     

Differences in processing dynamics of fresh and dried leaf litter in a stream ecosystem

SUMMARY. 1. Although the bulk of litter input to stream ecosystems is in the form of fresh leaves, current understanding of organic matter processing is largely founded on experimental studies made with pre-dried leaves. This paradox points to the critical need for evaluating to what extent those experiments with dried leaves reflect natural litter decomposition.
2. The mass loss rates, patterns of mass loss, and chemical changes during processing of fresh leaf litter were compared with air-dried leaf litter in a stream ecosystem.
3. Although overall mass loss rates were similar between treatments ( k = 0.0213 day⁻¹ and 0.0206 day⁻¹), fresh leaves lost mass at a constant rate, whereas the decay of dried leaves proceeded in two distinct phases. Soluble organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium were rapidly leached from dried litter, but were largely retained in fresh material for more than a week. Kinetics of concentrations of cellulose and changes in amounts of lignin remaining per leaf pack revealed further differences in decomposition dynamics between treatments, apparently related, either directly or indirectly, to differences in leaching behaviour.
4. Dynamics of nitrogen and protein contents were similar between treatments, indicating that microbial colonization was not greatly delayed on fresh leaves.
5. It is concluded that the retention of labile carbon and nutrients in fresh leaf litter facilitates their utilization by leaf-associated micro-organisms and invertebrates, resulting in an increased importance of biotic processes relative to physical processes such as leaching.
6. At the ecosystem level, retention of carbon and nutrients in streams would be increased, allowing greater overall productivity. Conversely, the availability of labile organic carbon would be reduced in compartments such as the epilithon, fine sediments, and the water column.     

Decomposition of litter in sub-alpine forests of Eucalyptus delegatensis,E. pauciflora and E. dives

The rate of decomposition of summer leaf-fall (abscised leaves), winter leaf-fall (containing some green leaves) and mature green (picked) leaves was assessed in sub-alpine forests of E. delegatensis (R. T. Baker), E. pauciflora (Sieb. ex Spreng) and E. dives (Schau.) in the Brindabella Range, Australian Capital Territory, using litter bag and tethered leaf techniques. The relative contribution of leaching, microbial respiration and grazing by invertebrate macrofauna to loss of leaf weight was determined. The effect of leaching and microbial respiration was assessed in terms of weight loss per unit area of leaf (specific leaf weight), while losses due to macro-faunal grazing were assessed by measuring reductions in leaf area. Litter decomposition constants for litter components (leaf, bark, wood) and total litter were determined from long-term records of litterfall and accumulated litter. Weight losses of abscised leaves during the initial 12 months ranged from 25% for E. pauciflora to 39% for E. delegatensis and were almost entirely due to reduction in specific leaf weight. Losses in the weight of leaves falling in winter ranged from 38 to 49%, while green leaves lost 45 - 59%. Approximately 50% of the total weight loss of green leaves was due to a loss in leaf area caused by skeletonization by litter macrofauna. Thus abscised leaves rather than green leaves must be used for measuring litter decomposition rates since abscised leaves constitute most of the litterfall in eucalypt forests. Leaves placed in the field in autumn decomposed slowly during the first summer, while the rate increased during the second winter and summer. Low litter moisture content appears to limit decomposition in the initial summer period in all communities, after which litterfall provides a mulch which reduces the rate of desiccation of lower litter layers. A simple linear regression model relating decomposition rate to the number of days (D) when litter moisture content exceeded 60% ODW accounted for 63-83% of the variation in decomposition of leaves in the field. Inclusion of mean monthly air temperature (T) and the product of D and T (day degrees when litter was wet) in a multiple linear regression increased the variation in decomposition accounted for to 80 – 90%. The rate of weight loss showed a positive linear relationship with the initial concentration of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) in the leaf. These concentrations are an index of the decomposability of leaf substrates (e.g. degree of sclerophylly or lignification). The rate of loss of specific weight was similar for tethered leaves and for leaves enclosed in mesh bags. Measured loss in specific leaf weight after 70 – 90 weeks was less than that predicted using decomposition constants (k).     

热带、亚热带典型森林-土壤系统植硅体碳演变规律

分别选取中国亚热带毛竹林、马尾松林、青冈林、杉木林和热带青梅林、芭蕉林、橡胶林、马占相思林8种森林类型,采集其鲜叶、凋落叶以及0～10和10～30 cm土层土壤,通过微波消解法提取其中的植硅体,并采用碱溶法测定植硅体中碳含量.结果表明: 4种亚热带森林类型鲜叶、凋落叶和0～10 cm土层中植硅体碳含量均以马尾松林(230.24、229.17、20.87 g·kg^-1)最高,毛竹林(30.55、37.37、3.38 g·kg^-1)最低,10～30 cm土层则以青冈林(18.54 g·kg^-1)最高,毛竹林(2.90 g·kg^-1)最低.热带森林鲜叶中植硅体碳含量以马占相思林(377.66 g·kg^-1)最高,青梅林(46.83 g·kg^-1)最低,凋落叶中则是橡胶林(218.23 g·kg^-1)最高,芭蕉林(27.66 g·kg^-1)最低,而0～10和10～30 cm土层土壤中均以马占相思林(23.84、24.90 g·kg^-1)最高,芭蕉林(3.89、3.93 g·kg^-1)最低.与0～10 cm表层土相比,杉木林、青冈林、马尾松林、毛竹林、橡胶林、马占相思林、芭蕉林和青梅林鲜叶植硅体碳含量分别下降97.4%、94.9%、90.9%、88.9%、95.9%、93.7%、93.3%和63.7%.青冈林、芭蕉林和马占相思林鲜叶植硅体碳含量显著高于凋落叶,而毛竹林、马尾松林、杉木林、青梅林和橡胶林之间无显著差异.8种森林类型土壤植硅体碳含量均显著低于鲜叶和凋落叶,表明植硅体在通过凋落物释放到土壤的过程中是不稳定的.     

滇中亚高山人工林凋落物分解对模拟氮沉降的响应

2018年2月至2019年1月,利用尼龙网袋法对滇中亚高山华山松和云南松两种人工林开展模拟氮(N)沉降下凋落叶和凋落枝原位分解试验,N沉降水平分别为对照(CK, 0 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、低N(LN, 5 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、中N(MN, 15 g N·m^-2·a^-1)和高N(HN, 30 g N·m^-2·a^-1)。结果表明: 华山松凋落叶和凋落枝年分解率分别为34.8%和18.0%,分别高于云南松凋落叶的32.2%和凋落枝的16.1%。模拟N沉降下,LN处理使华山松凋落叶、枝分解95%所需时间较对照分别减少0.202和1.624年,MN处理分别减少0.045和1.437年,HN处理则分别增加0.840和2.112年;LN处理使云南松凋落叶、枝分解95%所需时间较对照分别减少0.766和4.053年,MN处理分别增加0.366和0.455年,HN处理分别增加0.826和0.906年。经过1年的分解,低N处理促进了华山松和云南松凋落物(叶、枝)的分解,而高N处理表现为抑制作用;N沉降对两种林型凋落物分解的影响与凋落物中纤维素和木质素含量密切相关。可见,凋落物基质质量在一定程度上决定了凋落物分解对N沉降的响应情况,尤其是纤维素和木质素含量。     

川西高山林线交错带土壤动物对岷江冷杉和高山杜鹃凋落物分解的贡献

土壤动物是调控凋落物分解的重要生物因素.为了探究川西高山林线交错带土壤动物对两个优势物种岷江冷杉和高山杜鹃凋落物分解的贡献,在3个海拔梯度(针叶林-林线-高山草甸)采用凋落物分解袋试验,通过不同孔径的网袋(0.04 mm,基本排除土壤动物;3 mm,允许土壤动物通过),研究了分解554 d(2013年5月—2014年11月)土壤动物对凋落物的影响.结果表明: 在整个林线交错带上,岷江冷杉的分解速率(k)为0.209～0.243,高山杜鹃的k为0.173～0.189,岷江冷杉的k大于高山杜鹃.土壤动物的参与显著加速了两种凋落叶分解,同时土壤动物对两种凋落物分解的作用和贡献随海拔升高而降低.自针叶林、高山林线至高山草甸,土壤动物对岷江冷杉分解的质量损失率为15.2%、13.2%、9.8%,对高山杜鹃分解的质量损失率为20.1%、17.5%、12.4%;土壤动物对岷江冷杉分解的平均日贡献率为0.17%、0.13%、0.12%,对高山杜鹃分解的平均日贡献率为0.26%、0.25%、0.23%,土壤动物对高山杜鹃的分解影响相对较大.海拔、凋落物自身性质及其交互作用对土壤动物作用下凋落物的质量损失率和贡献率均表现出显著影响.土壤动物的作用于岷江冷杉和高山杜鹃分解的平均日贡献率在当年生长季(0.25%和0.44%)和次年生长季(0.10%和0.19%)均高于雪被期(0.07%和0.12%).回归分析表明,环境因子(日平均气温、冻融循环次数以及雪被厚度)可以解释土壤动物作用于岷江冷杉和高山杜鹃质量损失率的42.7%和50.9%,贡献率的43.2%和55.6%,这对了解土壤动物在凋落物分解中的作用和深入认识高山生态系统物质循环具有重要意义.