硬粒小麦单倍体原生质体培养及植株再生

由硬粒小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ｄｕｒｕｍ Ｄｅｓｆ．）×玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓＬ．）建立的单倍性胚性愈伤组织,在继代培养４ 个月后置于含２．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,４ 个月后形成了生长迅速、由大小不同（０．５ ～５ ｍ ｍ ）的愈伤组织块组成的愈伤组织悬浮系。酶解试验表明,２．０％ 纤维素酶ＲＳ和０．５％ 的离析酶效果最好,而液体悬浮培养物和固体培养的愈伤组织（在酶解时用锋利的解剖刀片切成１ ｍ ｍ 左右的小块）都能释放出大量原生质体,但悬浮培养物释放出的原生质体状态较好,胞质更浓厚,用ＫＭ８ｐ 培养基以琼脂糖包埋培养方式培养时分裂频率可达５％ 左右。由原生质体再生的小愈伤组织经增殖、筛选后可获得胚性愈伤组织,将其转移至分化培养基Ⅰ（０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ、１．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＢＡＰ、０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ 水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ固体培养基）和Ⅱ（不含２,４－Ｄ,其它成分同Ⅰ）上进行分步分化培养可再生出完整植株,分化频率约为２０％     

杨树新品种叶肉原生质体培养和植株再生

从１ 个月龄的ＮＬ－８０１０６ 杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ×Ｐ． ｓｉｍ ｏｎｉｉ）无菌苗叶片分离得到大量原生质体,纯化后其原生质体产量为４×１０７／ｇ ｆｒ．ｗ ｔ． 纯化的原生质体在含２,４－Ｄ ２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ、ＮＡＡ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和ＫＴ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＭ８ｐ 和ＭＳ培养基中进行高密度液体浅层培养,渗透势为０．４０ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＭ８ｐ 培养基中原生质体分裂频率最高． 培养第５ 天观察到第一次细胞分裂,培养１０ ｄ 的分裂频率为４．５％ ,１２ 周内可形成大量的细胞团和小愈伤组织． ＮＬ－８０１０６杨叶肉原生质体在富含有机氮并以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基中具有较高的分裂频率和植板率．小愈伤组织在ｇｅｌｒｉｔｅ 固化的ＮＬＺ１ 培养基上增殖生长,３ 周后形成４—６ ｍ ｍ 结构紧密的鲜红色愈伤组织,转至ＮＬＦ分化培养基,分化成苗率为１００％ ． 待芽伸长到３ ｃｍ 时,从基部切下转至１／２ ＭＳ培养基上诱导生根,形成完整植株     

大叶紫花苜蓿愈伤组织原生质体再生植株

大叶紫花苜蓿下胚轴诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养基上生长快速,易于分散。继代第１２ｄ的愈伤组织原生质体的得率为６．５×１０７／ｇ鲜重。原生质体培养基为ＳＨ基本培养基,含有１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－０、０．５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ、２．０ｇ／ＬＣＨ、２％蔗糖、６％葡萄糖、５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭＥＳ,培养密度为１．０×１０５／ｍＬ。培养至第１２ｄ时的原生质体再生细胞植板率为３．７％。由原生质体形成的小愈伤组织在含２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ的ＭＳ固体培养基上大量增殖。增殖的愈伤组织转移至２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２－ｉｐ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的Ｂ５培养基上,形成体细胞胚并发育成完整植株。     

毛花猕猴桃原生质体再生植株

从毛花猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ ｅｒｉａｎｔｈａ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．）试管培养的实生苗新展开叶片分离的原生质体,培养在液体ＭＳ（除去ＮＨ４ＮＯ３）附加２,４－Ｄ １．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和葡萄糖０．４ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的培养基上。培养３周后植板率达到１９．４％ 。在未添加新鲜培养基的情况下,原生质体再生的细胞可持续分裂,并于３个月时长成２ ｍ ｍ 大小的愈伤组织。将该愈伤组织转移到附加玉米素０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和ＩＡＡ ０．１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的固体ＭＳ培养基上,分化出苗。试管苗经诱导生根,长成完整小植株     

土人参原生质体培养再生植株

分别由土人参（Ｔａｌｉｎｕｍ ｐａｎｉｃｕｌａｔｕｍ （Ｊａｅｑ．） Ｇａｅｒｔｎ．）组织培养再生苗的叶片和幼茎诱导的愈伤组织游离出原生质体．叶肉原生质体在培养中未能进行正常分裂,存活不过１ 周．愈伤组织原生质体在Ｐ４ 培养基中（Ｋ８ｐ＋ ２,４－Ｄ ０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ＋ ＮＡＡ １．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ＋ ＺＴ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ＋椰乳５０ ｍ Ｌ／Ｌ＋ 葡萄糖０．５ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）培养３ ｄ 开始第一次分裂,培养７ ｄ 时分裂频率为３６．７％ ． 愈伤组织再生率在液体培养中为０．３１％ ,在双层培养中为０．３４％ ． 愈伤组织在含有较低浓度的６－ＢＡ 的分化培养基上分化出不定芽． 幼苗生根后移栽到花盆中继续生长,２～３个月后开花结实,长出粗壮的肉质根． 再生小植株在试管中继代培养２～３ 个月开花结实． 研究结果还表明∶（１）愈伤组织在液体培养基或增殖培养基中培养时间过长,或继代次数过多均不利于分化．（２）较低浓度的６－ＢＡ （０．５～０．７ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）对愈伤组织的分化是合适的．（３）ＧＡ３ 对幼苗的发育有促进作用． （４）多效唑（ＭＥＴ）对土人参试管苗有明显的壮苗和壮根作用     

长寿花叶片愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

１植物名称长寿花（Ｋａｌａｎｃｈｏｅｂｌｏｓｓｆｅｌ－ｄｉａｎａ）。２材料类别叶片。３培养条件培养基：（１）ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ１ｍｇ·Ｌ~（－１）（单位下同）＋６－ＢＡ０．１;（２）ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１＋６．ＢＡ０．１;（３）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．１;（４）１／２ＭＳ。以上培养基均加蔗糖３０ｇ·Ｌ~（－１）,琼脂８ｇ·Ｌ~（－１）,ｐＨ值为５．８,高压灭菌,培养温度２３～２６℃,光照１２ｈ·ｄ~（－１）,光照度１０００ｌｘ左右。４生长与分化情况４．１无菌材料的获得从实生苗上取下叶片,经自来水冲洗后,用…     

芋的组织培养

１植物名称芋（Ｃｏｌｏｃａｓｉａｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔａ）品种江汉芋（多子芋类型）。２材料类别茎尖及微芽。３培养条件分化培养基：（１）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ３．０～５．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．５;（２）ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ１．０～２．０＋ＮＡＡ０．５。诱导生根培养基：（３）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１．０～２．０＋ＮＡＡ０．１。培养基（１）、（２）中另加蔗糖３０ｇ·Ｌ－１,培养基（３）中加蔗糖１０ｇ·Ｌ１,琼脂６～７ｇ·Ｌ－１,ｐＨ５．８～６．０,１２１℃高温高压灭菌１５ｍｉｎ左右。光照度１５５～２０００ｌｘ,光…     

玉香梨的组织培养与快速繁殖

１植物名称沙梨品种玉香梨（Ｐｙｒｕｓｐｙｒｉｆｏｌｉａ　ｃｖ．　ｙｕｘｉａｎｇ）。２材料类别侧芽。３培养条件（１）丛芽诱导培养基：１／２ＭＳ大量元素＋ＭＳ微量元素＋铁盐＋有机成分＋６－ＢＡ２ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．２＋ＧＡ３２＋３％蔗糖＋０．８％琼脂,固体培养;（２）增殖培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．５＋ＮＡＡ０．２＋ＧＡ３１＋３％蔗糖＋０．８％琼脂,固体培养;（３）生根培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ１０＋１．５％蔗糖＋０．６％琼脂,固体培养８ｄ后转入不含任何激素的同类培养基中的二步生根法…     

巴拉斯自鹤芋的组织培养和快速繁殖

１植物名称巴拉斯白鹤芋（Ｓｐａｔｈｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｐａｌａｓ）。２材料类别小苗茎尖或茎段。３培养条件以ＭＳ为基本培养基：（１）诱导分化与生长培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２ｍｐ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．２＋３％蔗糖;（２）生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．２＋１．５％蔗糖。以上培养基均加０．７５％琼脂,ｐＨ５．８,培养温度２６～２８℃,每日光照１０～１２ｈ,光照度１５００～２５００ｌｘ。４生长与分化情况剪取顶芽或茎段约０．５～１．０ｃｍ长,用７０％～７５％乙醇消毒３０～６０ｓ,以０．１％ＨｇＣｌ２溶液…     

苹果原生质体培养及植株再生

用苹果（Ｍａｌｕｓ ｐｕｍ ｉｌａ Ｍｉｌｌ）胚珠诱导愈伤组织并建立悬浮细胞系。用２％ 纤维素酶、０．５％ 果胶酶的混合酶液分离悬浮培养物,可得到５．４×１０６ 个／ｇ ｆｒ． ｗ ｔ有活性的原生质体。这些原生质体在改良的ＭＳ、Ｋ８ｐ、Ｄ２ 培养基中均可发育成细胞团,在含２．０ ｍ ｇ／ＬＩＡＡ、２．０ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ、０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＢＡ 的ＭＳ固体培养基上形成愈伤组织,更换几次不同的培养基后,在分化培养基上分化出不定芽,在生根培养基上生根形成完整植株。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.