环境保护及农业废物利用

921182生物降解的遗传学仁英叮B oon她,A .M.了ActaB ioteehnol一1991,11(2)一177一151〔译自DBA,1991,10(25),91一09011〕 积累适用于微生物降解的质粒和遗传系统的数据有助于设计具新降解特性的微生物。分离或构建高效降解菌株需进行以下步骤:1.突变与筛选,如构建利用2,4,6一T的假单胞菌(Pseodo”o”assp.)菌株,11.活体基因操作,如构建带质粒的假单胞菌控制脂肪族(质粒OCT)、环状(质粒CAM)和多环芳香(质粒NAH)碳水化物的降解,该菌株能利用石油、汽油和润滑油,构建降解4一氯苯甲酸的假单胞菌,111.体外基因工程,如将水杨酸经化酶基…     

铜绿假单胞菌LasR基因反义核酸原核表达载体的构建及对该菌毒力的影响

PCR扩增LasR基因,用反向克隆法构建LasR基因反义核酸原核表达载体pUCP18/lasRantisense并转化铜绿假单胞菌,经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定重组载体.RT-PCR检测LasB基因和LasI基因mRNA的表达,NAD法测定外毒素A的活性,紫外分光光度计测定绿脓菌素的产生水平.用转化pUCP18/lasRantisense质粒菌株感染大鼠呼吸道并进行病理组织切片检查.PCR扩增出约720bp片段,与GenBank(No:NC_002516)报道的基因片段大小一致,构建了LasR基因反义核酸原核表达载体pUCP18/lasRantisense,并成功转化铜绿假单胞菌,且有效表达,使转化菌的毒力因子弹性蛋白酶、外毒素A和绿脓菌素表达水平均降低.与标准株感染的大鼠比较,转化pUCP18/lasRantisense质粒菌株感染的大鼠支气管炎症明显减轻.上述结果表明,LasR基因反义核酸原核表达载体pUCP18/lasRantisense可以降低铜绿假单胞菌的毒力.     

对硝基苯酚降解菌Pseudomonas sp. PDS-7的降解特性及 其降解相关基因的克隆

[目的]本研究的目的是分离对硝基苯酚(PNP)降解菌,研究其对PNP的降解特性;克隆其降解相关基因,并进行表达.[方法]本研究通过富集培养法和系列稀释平板涂布法分离PNP降解菌株;采用形态观察、生理生化特征测定和16S rDNA分析对菌株进行初步鉴定;通过摇瓶试验研究菌株降解特性;利用SEFA-PCR技术克隆降解相关基因,并亚克隆到表达载体pET29a中,构建重组表达质粒pETpnpC,再转入受体菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达;通过分光光度法测定表达产物的酶活力.[结果]分离到一株PNP降解菌PDS-7,将该菌株鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp.);该菌株能够以PNP作为唯一碳源、氮源和能源生长,菌株对PNP的最高耐受浓度为80 mg/L,最适降解温度为30℃,偏碱性条件有利于菌株对PNP的降解;克隆了PNP降解过程中的偏苯三酚1,2-双加氧酶基因pnpC及马来酰醋酸还原酶基因pnpD(GenBank登陆号EU233791);将pnpC在E.coli BL21(DE3)菌株进行了诱导表达,表达产物对偏苯三酚和邻苯二酚均有邻位开环活性,比活力分别为0.45 U/mg protein和0.37 U/mg protein,表明偏苯三酚1,2-双加氧酶基因pnpC得到了活性表达.[结论]分离鉴定了一株PNP降解菌Pseudomonas sp.PDS-7,研究了该菌株的降解特性,克隆和表达了降解相关基因.     

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida NyZ12基因无痕敲除方法的建立

旨在建立一种适合环己胺降解菌NyZ12基因无痕敲除的可靠方法。通过overlapping PCR技术将目的基因上下游同源臂融合并克隆到自杀载体pEX18km上,将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌S17pir中,再通过接合转移到假单胞菌NyZ12菌株内,经pEX18km质粒上sacB基因的反向筛选得到突变株并通过PCR方法和测序鉴定。结果显示,成功构建了假单胞菌NyZ12菌株orf4637的基因突变株(NyZ12Δ4637)。通过自杀载体同源重组可以成功获得敲除的无痕突变株,且突变株基因组上没有任何抗性筛选标记残留,为环己胺降解菌NyZ12基因功能研究提供了可靠的基因敲除技术。     

变形假单胞菌精氨酸脱亚胺酶基因序列分析及其表达载体构建

通过分子克隆手段获得了变形假单胞菌(Pseudomonas plecoglossicida CGMCC2039)精氨酸脱亚胺酶(arginine deirninasa,简称ADI)基因序列,并将扩增的ADI基因片段插入表达载体pET28a中,构建了ADI的重组表达载体.核苷酸序列分析显示该基因开放阅读框为1254 bp,编码417个氨基酸.Blast分析显示它与其他假单胞茵属菌种具有很高的同源性.SDS-PAGE结果显示出分子量大小为48.5 kDa的明显的蛋白质特异性条带,并具有酶活.该载体的构建为该基因在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化和抗肿瘤活性研究奠定了基础.     

铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中c-di-GMP代谢相关基因PA0575对表型的影响

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中存在与环鸟苷二磷酸(cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate,c-di-GMP)代谢相关基因PA0575。【目的】探讨铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中环鸟苷二磷酸代谢相关基因PA0575对运动能力及生物膜的影响。【方法】通过PCR对菌株遗传背景进行确认;利用刚果红结合实验及电转PcdrA-gfp质粒间接测量胞内c-di-GMP水平;利用泳动性(swimming)、蜂群泳动(swarming)、蹭行运动(twiching)和生物膜定量实验对细菌进行表型分析,并在运动培养基中添加抗生素研究其对运动能力的影响;针对PA0575基因进行融合蛋白表达载体的构建,并对蛋白进行原核诱导表达。【结果】3株突变体菌株的转座子插入突变位点不一致,胞内c-di-GMP水平检测结果显示,PA0575-1菌株的c-di-GMP含量高于野生型PAO1菌株(P0.05),PA0575-2、PA0575-3菌株胞内c-di-GMP水平与野生型PAO1菌株无差异(P0.05)。运动能力检测实验中,与野生型PAO1菌株相比,PA0575-1菌株泳动性增强(P0.05);PA0575-2、PA0575-3菌株的泳动性、蜂群运动均增强(P0.05);该基因不同位点的突变均导致氯霉素对菌株的运动能力产生抑制作用。生物膜定量结果显示,与野生型PAO1菌株相比,细菌培养18 h后PA0575-1的生物膜含量降低(P0.05),PA0575-2、PA0575-3菌株的生物膜含量升高。最后成功构建了PA0575基因不同结构域的8个表达载体,并获得了异源表达蛋白。【结论】PA0575基因降低铜绿假单胞菌胞内c-di-GMP的水平,影响表型的同时也抑制了氯霉素抗性基因的表达。以上研究为PA0575基因对表型的影响奠定了基础。     

用于植物基因表达载体构建的质粒改造及其应用

为克服目前常用于植物基因表达载体构建的质粒所具有的酶切位点有限,目的基因片段难于插入和连接,缺少植物基因表达所必须的启动子、终止子、筛选标记等功能元件的缺点,本研究构建了一个用于植物基因表达载体构建的质粒载体pNULPGE200。该质粒载体引入了植物基因表达最常用的CaMV 35S启动子(cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter)和NOS终止子(nopaline synthase terminator),以及之间的多克隆酶切位点MCS(multiple cloning site)。利用pNULPGE200构建植物基因表达载体,经PCR等方法克隆得到的目的基因可以直接连接到35S启动子与NOS终止子之间,使目的基因能够在植物体内稳定表达;同时该质粒载体还具有独立表达的卡那霉素NPT Ⅱ(neomycin phosphotransferase Ⅱ)耐性基因和sGFP(synthetic green-fluorescent protein with S65T mutation)绿色荧光蛋白报告基因,可用于基因转化时的筛选。本研究以假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)携带质粒的二甲苯单加氧酶(xylene monooxygenase)编码基因为材料,分别利用本文质粒载体和常规的质粒载体pBI121构建了植物表达载体,验证了文中质粒载体的实用性。     

Pseudomonas putida S1海藻糖合成酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆表达

利用PCR和TA克隆方法扩增和克隆得到了恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida S1的海藻糖合成酶基因treS.对其进行序列分析表明,其编码区含有2067bp,编码含688个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,其核苷酸序列和蛋白质序列与来源于其它假单胞菌属细菌的海藻糖合成酶的序列表现出了较高同源性.将该基因序列与表达载体pQE30T连接,构建重组质粒pQE30T-TS,并将其转化至E.coli M15菌株中.重组菌株经诱导表达后SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示有明显的分子量约77.5kD的特异蛋白条带出现.经测定酶活力达19U/mL,约是原始菌株P.putida S1的50倍.     

乳酸乳球菌食品级诱导表达系统的构建及异源蛋白的表达

以α-aga基因为食品级选择标记构建了乳酸乳球菌食品级高效诱导细胞内和细胞壁锚定表达系统,并用这一表达系统表达了铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因OprF/H。首先以pRAF800和pNZ8048构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-MCS-TpepN和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌食品级细胞内诱导表达载体pRNA48,再以pRNA48和pVE5524为出发载体构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-SPUsp45-nucA-CWAM6-t1t2和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌细胞壁锚定诱导表达载体pRNV48。然后以食品级载体pRNA48和pRNV48为基础,构建了不含抗生素抗性选择标记的铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因的表达质粒pRNA48-OprF/H和pRNV48-OprF/H。利用nisin进行重组乳酸乳球菌菌株的诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,检测到表达蛋白分别占细胞内可溶蛋白的9.6%和细胞壁锚定蛋白的9.8%,表达产物具有免疫原性,可与含OprF/H的乳球菌以及铜绿假单胞菌发生特异性的凝集反应。     

群体感应信号分子降解基因对铜绿假单胞菌毒力和生物膜形成的影响

来源于苏云金芽孢杆菌的aiiA基因克隆至Pseudomonas/E. coli穿梭载体并转入铜绿假单胞菌PAO1菌株, Western杂交显示AiiA蛋白在PAO1中正确表达. IPTG诱导9和21 h后分别取样检测两种信号分子的含量, 表达aiiA基因的菌株信号分子被完全降解; 检测重要的毒力因子弹性蛋白酶和绿脓菌素, 表达aiiA基因的菌株中毒力因子的含量明显少于野生型对照和空载体对照; 与运动性相关的丛集运动测定也表明, aiiA基因影响了细菌的丛集运动. 进一步通过液体和固体表面形成生物膜的差异以及对生物膜结构的扫描电子显微镜观察, aiiA基因的表达对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成有重要影响.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).