大麦黄矮病毒GAV株系ORF4基因在杆状病毒-昆虫细胞系统中的表达及亚细胞定位

根据已报道的大麦黄矮病毒GAV株系(BYDV-GAV)相关基因序列,利用RT-PCR方法获得ORF4基因。在杆状病毒-昆虫细胞系统中,成功表达了ORF4和GFP（绿色荧光蛋白）的融合蛋白(GFP: ORF4),Western blot检测到目的蛋白的表达。利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察其在细胞中的积累和亚细胞分布,发现ORF4基因编码的17 kD蛋白（P4）能进入细胞核,并在细胞核膜上聚集。通过对ORF4基因编码的P4蛋白的N端和C端缺失突变结合蛋白质的结构预测分析,鉴定出N端α螺旋结构对于P4蛋白的核膜定位是必需的。这些结果为进一步研究ORF4基因在黄矮病毒GAV系统侵染中的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

大麦黄矮病毒运动蛋白是RNA沉默抑制因子

大麦黄矮病毒(barley yellow dwarf virus,BYDV)属黄症病毒科家族,其基因组包含6个开放阅读框(open reading frames,ORFs).将BYDV的6个基因分别克隆到pWEIMING101载体上,得到重组基因.电击转化农杆菌后,利用农杆菌瞬时表达方法渗透注射转GFP基因的本氏烟草16c植株的叶片,在长波长紫外灯下观察GFP的表达,并通过Northern blot证明所得现象.研究结果表明,BYDV的PAV株系ORF4编码的运动蛋白(movement protein,MP)是RNA沉默抑制因子,其表达可以抑制局部和系统RNA沉默.BYDV-MP与GFP的双链RNA(dsGFP)共表达后仍能抑制RNA沉默,荧光强度与叶片中GFP的mRNA和其沉默降解形成的siRNA的量有对应关系,其N端核定位序列对抑制局部基因沉默起主要作用,第5、6位氨基酸是抑制基因沉默的关键氨基酸.BYDV-MP单独渗透注射的部位均产生细胞死亡.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF2～4特异siRNA的筛选及其抑制病毒复制效果的研究

RNA干扰(RNAi)技术是基因功能研究的有效工具,为了了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)次要结构蛋白GP2、GP3、GP4在病毒复制中的作用,针对各自的编码基因ORF2、ORF3、ORF4分别选取4个小干扰RNA(siRNA)位点(共12个),构建相应的短发夹RNA(shRNA)表达载体,转染MARC-145细胞后,通过荧光定量PCR和病毒滴度检测干扰效果。筛选了可以减少GP2、GP3、GP4相应基因mRNA含量的ORF2、ORF3、ORF4特异shRNA表达载体,病毒效价滴定表明shRNA表达载体处理细胞可以减少GP2、GP3、GP4相应基因mRNA含量,细胞培养上清中的病毒滴度比对照低184~4.65倍。     

TT病毒ORF2在Cos7细胞中的表达及蛋白质定位

应用PCR方法从含有1TrVirusORF2的质粒pET-His-TTV2中扩增出606bp的蛋白质编码区,并将其克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP．NI中以表达成GFP—VP2融合蛋白。构建出的重组质粒pEGFPTFV2经过酶切分析和PCR鉴定。用脂质体介导法将pEGFPTTV2质粒DNA转染Cos7细胞,通过RT-PCR分析,证实细胞中存在ORF2基因的转录产物。用共聚焦显微镜结合PI染色技术研究1TTV P2蛋白在细胞中的分布情况。结果表明,1TrVVP2分布在细胞质中和细胞核膜内侧。因此推测VP2作为一种非结构蛋白,功能可能是参与病毒DNA的复制或转录。     

人CUIAA重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在PC-12细胞中的表达特点

目的构建并鉴定带有绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescence protein,GFP）报告基因的人源CUL4A（hCUIAA）基因腺病毒表达载体Ad—hCUIAA—GFP,探求bCUIAA在PC-12细胞中的表达特点。方法扩增hCUIAA基因,并通过In—FusionPCR克隆技术构建穿梭质粒pDC315-EGFP—hCUIAA,利用AdMaxTM腺病毒包装系统将该穿梭质粒与腺病毒表达载体骨架质粒pBHGloxAEl,E3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,经GFP荧光检测和Western印迹检测确认hCUIAA的表达后,进一步通过病毒扩增及纯化得到hCUL4A重组腺病毒载体Ad—hCUIAA—GFP。将该载体转染Pc—12细胞,观察hCUIAA—GFP融合蛋白在Pc-12细胞中的表达情况。结果成功获得了较高滴度的腺病毒载体Ad—hCUIAA—GFP（1．6×10^12pfu／m1）。荧光检测表明,Ad—hCUIAA—GFP转染Pc-12细胞后72h内,病毒转染率随着时间和病毒转染滴度的增加而增加。DAPI细胞核荧光染色结果表明,hCUIAA—GFP的表达主要集中在细胞质部分。GFP荧光检测及Western印迹检测结果显示,hCUIAA—GFP在Pc-12细胞中的表达量随时间和病毒转染滴度的增加而增加。结论带GFP的hCUIAA重组腺病毒载体Ad—hCUIAA—GFP构建成功,掌握了其转染Pc-12细胞的最佳滴度及其在Pc-12细胞中的时空表达特点,为今后对hCUIAA在PC-12细胞中的功能性研究奠定了基础。     

截短的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征ORF5基因及重组蛋白的原核表达

通过PCR方法从重组质粒pGEM-ORF5扩增得到缺失N端疏水序列的基因片段dORF5(deleting ORF5)。将dORF5克隆至原核高效表达载体pGEX-4T-1,在E.coliRosetta细胞中成功表达了重组蛋白GST-dORF5。用Western blotting鉴定表达蛋白,证明dORF5基因得到表达。本试验得到的重组蛋白,为进一步研究PRRS病毒结构蛋白的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒ORF220基因在昆虫细胞内的表达及其分布

对虾白斑综合征病毒厦门分离株ORF220编码真核生物GP130受体同源蛋白.将ORF220和绿色荧光蛋白编码基因融合在一起克隆到昆虫杆状病毒表达载体pFastBacI,然后与AcBacmid共同转染DH10B细胞.用PCR鉴定含有ORF220和EGFP基因的重组质粒,提取纯化重组质粒并转染昆虫细胞进行表达.结果发现,DNA转染后3-5d可以在荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光,表明融合蛋白在昆虫系统内成功表达.用病毒上清液感染昆虫细胞进行时相观察,结果表明,ORF220蛋白在昆虫细胞的细胞质和细胞核内呈随机分布,没有特异的细胞定位.     

对虾白斑综合征病毒ORF220基因在昆虫细胞内的表达及其分布

对虾白斑综合征病毒厦门分离株ORF220编码真核生物GP130受体同源蛋白。将ORF220和绿色荧光蛋白编码基因融合在一起克隆到昆虫杆状病毒表达载体pFastBacI,然后与AcBacmid共同转染DH10B细胞。用PCR鉴定含有ORF220和EGFP基因的重组质粒,提取纯化重组质粒并转染昆虫细胞进行表达。结果发现,DNA转染后3-5d可以在荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光,表明融合蛋白在昆虫系统内成功表达。用病毒上清液感染昆虫细胞进行时相观察,结果表明,ORF220蛋白在昆虫细胞的细胞质和细胞核内呈随机分布,没有特异的细胞定位。     

鹅源新城疫病毒NP、P和L基因的克隆与P基因的表达鉴定

将鹅源新城疫病毒的NP、P和L基因通过RT-PCR方法从尿囊液中扩增后分别克隆进pGEM—T easy载体,再分别亚克隆到真核表达载体pCI—neo上,通过酶切、PCR和测序验证克隆正确。利用P基因开放性阅读框(ORF)上靠近终止密码上游的AgeI位点,将报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因克隆进P基因真核表达重组质粒,分别转染COS-1细胞和CEF细胞,在倒置荧光显微镜下可见到绿色荧光,表明GFP基因已得到表达,由此证明P基因也已得到表达。鹅源新城疫病毒NP、P和L基因的克隆成功,为即将进行的鹅源新城疫病毒的反向遗传操作以及功能基因组研究打下基础。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒ORF33基因的原核表达和在宿主细胞中亚细胞定位

对棉铃虫Helicoverpa ar migera核型多角体病毒HearSNPV的ORF33基因(ha33)进行克隆和原核表达,hass在E.coli中表达不完全,表达产物的大小为17kDa,小于预测的分子量28.4kDa。用纯化的原核表达产物免疫家兔,制备了多克隆抗体,应用多克隆抗体检测了HearSNPV感染的宿主细胞(HzAMI)中ORF33基因的表达,表达产物的分子量为31kDa。并通过共聚焦荧光显微镜方法,用多克隆抗体检测编码的蛋白在宿主细胞(HzAM1)中的亚细胞定位,发现ha33编码的蛋白存在于宿主细胞的细胞质中,并持续到感染后期。     

Interaction between the movement protein of barley yellow dwarf virus and the cell nuclear envelope: role of a putative amphiphilic alpha-helix at the N-terminus of the movement protein

The open reading frame 4 (ORF 4) gene product of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) may act as a movement protein (MP) by assisting the transport of viral genomic RNA across the nuclear envelope (NE) of host plant cells. To investigate interactions between BYDV MP and the NE, wild-type and mutant open reading frame (ORF 4)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion cistrons were expressed in insect cells. A fusion protein expressed by the wild-type ORF 4-GFP cistron associated with the NE and caused protrusions from its surface. The fusion protein expressed by the mutant ORF 4-GFP cistron lacked a putative amphiphilic alpha-helix at its N-terminus and although associating with the NE, showed decreased levels of protrusions. A peptide homologue of this putative alpha-helix induced an increase of 7 degrees C in the phase transition temperature of dimyrystoyl phosphatidylserine (DMPS) membranes, accompanied by a decrease in membrane fluidity, but exhibited no significant interaction with either dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) membranes. These results strongly support the view that BYDV MP may interact with the NE to help transport viral genomic RNA into the nuclear compartment. This function of BYDV MP appears to involve protrusions on the surface of the NE and may require the presence of an N-terminal amphiphilic alpha-helix, which is speculated to destabilize membranes, thereby assisting the entry of BYDV-GAV into the nuclear compartment.     

GII型诺如病毒VP2蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达与定位研究

【目的】利用杆状病毒表达系统表达诺如病毒(GenegroupⅡ)VP2蛋白,分析其亚细胞定位,为深入研究VP2蛋白的功能奠定基础。【方法】设计可扩增完整ORF3基因片段的引物P1和P2,在下游引物中引入6×His标签的编码序列,从质粒pMD-ORF3中克隆了含有6×His编码序列的ORF3基因,与pFastBac1载体连接,构建重组质粒pFB-ORF3,转化DH10Bac感受态细胞获得重组杆状病毒基因组Bac-ORF3,脂质体介导转染sf9昆虫细胞获得表达VP2蛋白的重组杆状病毒Ac-VP2,感染sf9细胞后,收集病变细胞,采用抗6×His标签的单克隆抗体作为一抗进行Western blot与间接免疫荧光实验鉴定。【结果】Western blot实验证实Ac-VP2感染的sf9细胞在约29 kD处出现特异性条带;间接免疫荧光实验证实Ac-VP2感染的sf9细胞出现特异性绿色荧光,并且VP2主要定位于sf9的细胞核与细胞膜。【结论】诺如病毒VP2蛋白在Ac-VP2感染的sf9细胞中获得成功表达,并且主要定位于sf9细胞的细胞核与细胞膜。     

Expression of the human multidrug transporter in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus

The plasma membrane associated human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene product, known as the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein or the multidrug transporter, acts as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for various cytotoxic agents. We expressed recombinant human multidrug transporter in a baculovirus expression system to obtain large quantities and further investigate its structure and mechanism of action. MDR1 cDNA was inserted into the genome of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells synthesized high levels of recombinant multidrug transporter 2-3 days after infection. The transporter was localized by immunocytochemical methods on the external surface of the plasma membranes, in the Golgi apparatus, and within the nuclear envelope. The human multidrug transporter expressed in insect cells is not susceptible to endoglycosidase F treatment and has a lower apparent molecular weight of 140,000, corresponding to the nonglycosylated precursor of its authentic counterpart expressed in multidrug-resistant cells. Labeling experiments showed that the recombinant multidrug transporter is phosphorylated and can be photoaffinity labeled by [3H]-azidopine, presumably at the same two sites as the native protein. Various drugs and reversing agents (e.g., daunomycin greater than verapamil greater than vinblastine approximately vincristine) compete with the [3H]azidopine binding reaction when added in excess, indicating that the recombinant human multidrug transporter expressed in insect cells is functionally similar to its authentic counterpart.     

汉坦病毒H8205株G1P基因片段重组杆状病毒表达载体的构建及表达

将汉坦病毒H8205株G1P基因的保守序列(约1000bp)作为目的基因插入到BactoBac杆状病毒表达系统的pFastBacHTb供体质粒中,利用Tn7转座子同BacmidDNA同源重组,获得了含目的基因片段的重组杆状病毒DNA,并利用其转染Sf9昆虫细胞,72h后收集细胞悬液,再用该悬液侵染Sf9昆虫细胞,48h后收获病毒.采用IFA分析收获的产物,观察到了特异性的荧光,并且采用SDSPAGE和Western印迹也获得了与预期一致的结果.证明感染后的Sf9昆虫细胞所表达的蛋白中含有能与抗汉坦病毒H8205株多克隆抗体特异性结合目的蛋白.研究表明,采用杆状病毒表达系统可以成功表达出汉坦病毒H8205株包膜糖蛋白G1基因片段,为开发适合的以G1P为抗原的汉坦病毒诊断试剂进行了前期的探索.     

昆虫杆状病毒系统表达口蹄疫病毒3ABC基因

以O型口蹄疫病毒为研究对象,经过RTPCP扩增得到非结构蛋白3ABC基因,克隆到转移载体pFastbacHT,将其转入含穿梭载体Bacmid的DH10Bac,与Bacmid发生位点特异性转座作用,得到3ABC的重组穿梭载体Bacmid3ABC,再将其转染昆虫细胞HiFive。PCR鉴定证实3ABC基因正确地插入到病毒基因组的多角体蛋白基因启动子下游,经过SDSPAGE和Westernblot检测,3ABC基因在昆虫细胞中表达了大小约为50kDa的蛋白条带,3ABC基因在BactoBac系统中的成功表达为建立以基因工程产品为抗原、鉴别诊断自然感染和免疫动物的方法提供了技术条件。     

Heterologous expression of a gene of Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain A disrupts growth of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans

Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain A (MoCV1‐A) is the causal agent of growth repression and attenuated virulence (hypovirulence) of the rice blast fungus, M. oryzae. We have previously reported that heterologous expression of MoCV1‐A ORF4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in growth defects, a large central vacuole and other cytological changes. In this study, the effects of open reading frame (ORF) 4 expression in Cryptococcus neoformans, a human pathogenic fungus responsible for severe opportunistic infection, were investigated. Cells expressing the ORF4 gene in C. neoformans showed remarkably enlarged vacuoles, nuclear diffusion and a reduced growth rate. In addition, expression of ORF4 apparently suppressed formation of the capsule that surrounds the entire cell wall, which is one of the most important components of expression of virulence. After 5‐fluoroorotic acid treatment of ORF4‐expressing cells to remove the plasmid carrying the ORF4 gene, the resultant plasmid‐free cells recovered normal morphology and growth, indicating that heterologous expression of the MoCV1‐A ORF4 gene induces negative effects in C. neoformans. These data suggest that the ORF4 product is a candidate for a pharmaceutical protein to control disease caused by C. neoformans.     

Baculovirus IE2 Stimulates the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Insect and Mammalian Cells to Facilitate Its Proper Functioning

Baculoviruses have gained popularity as pest control agents and for protein production in insect systems. These viruses are also becoming popular for gene expression, tissue engineering and gene therapy in mammalian systems. Baculovirus infection triggers a heat shock response, and this response is crucial for its successful infection of host insect cells. However, the viral protein(s) or factor(s) that trigger this response are not yet clear. Previously, we revealed that IE2-an early gene product of the baculovirus-could form unique nuclear bodies for the strong trans-activation of various promoters in mammalian cells. Here, we purified IE2 nuclear bodies from Vero E6 cells and investigated the associated proteins by using mass spectrometry. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were found to be one of the major IE2-associated proteins. Our experiments show that HSPs are greatly induced by IE2 and are crucial for the trans-activation function of IE2. Interestingly, blocking both heat shock protein expression and the proteasome pathway preserved the IE2 protein and its nuclear body structure, and revived its function. These observations reveal that HSPs do not function directly to assist the formation of the nuclear body structure, but may rather protect IE2 from proteasome degradation. Aside from functional studies in mammalian cells, we also show that HSPs were stimulated and required to determine IE2 protein levels, in insect cells infected with baculovirus. Upon inhibiting the expression of heat shock proteins, baculovirus IE2 was substantially suppressed, resulting in a significantly suppressed viral titer. Thus, we demonstrate a unique feature in that IE2 can function in both insect and non-host mammalian cells to stimulate HSPs, which may be associated with IE2 stabilization and lead to the protection of the its strong gene activation function in mammalian cells. On the other hand, during viral infection in insect cells, IE2 could also strongly stimulate HSPs and ultimately affect viral replication.