FGF21的代谢调控及临床应用

成纤维细胞生长因子21(fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21)是一种新型的参与代谢调控的关键分子,对降低体重和增加机体胰岛素敏感性具有十分显著的作用。大量的临床前和临床研究结果显示,FGF21是治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病潜在的药物靶点,该文从肝脏、脂肪和神经系统等组织入手,对FGF21调控代谢的分子作用机制及临床研究进展作一综述。     

运动调控FGF21在改善肥胖相关代谢性疾病中的作用

肥胖是糖尿病、脂肪肝、心血管疾病等慢性代谢性疾病发生发展的重要风险因素。运动可以改善肥胖,对相关代谢性疾病的预防与康复具有积极作用。成纤维细胞生长因子21 (fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21)是一种对机体能量稳态、糖脂代谢有积极调控作用的内分泌因子,是代谢性疾病预防和治疗的有效靶点之一。FGF21抵抗是机体对FGF21反应性减弱的现象,表现为靶组织生物学效应降低,机体FGF21代偿性合成增加。这可能是由FGF21受体(fibroblast growth factor receptors,FGFRs)和β-klotho蛋白(β-klotho,KLB)表达减少或敏感性降低所致。肥胖患者常出现FGF21抵抗,改善FGF21抵抗是治疗肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的新思路。运动不仅可以增加部分组织FGF21表达量,还可以刺激FGFRs与KLB的表达来敏化FGF21的作用,改善FGF21抵抗。     

FGF21与代谢性疾病防治及其运动干预

成纤维细胞生长因子21(fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF21)属于成纤维细胞生长因子家族FGF19(fibroblast growth factor 19, FGF19)的亚型,不具有促成纤维细胞生长活性,且不与肝素特异性结合,是一种调节机体代谢的分泌型蛋白。在骨骼肌、肾脏、心脏以及血管和脂肪组织中 fgf21 表达比肝脏中高约7~10倍。FGF21可靶向脑、心脏、骨骼肌以及肾脏和肠等多种组织器官发挥作用。近来证实,FGF21已广泛应用于肝脂、糖脂代谢以及心血管疾病等代谢性疾病的预防与康复,可能成为代谢性疾病预防和康复的有效靶点之一。急性运动后骨骼肌FGF21表达显著升高,耐力运动可改善FGF21对肝脏脂肪调节的抵抗,有氧运动和抗阻运动可显著提高肝脏FGF21表达水平,单次急性运动后小鼠血清FGF21水平呈上升趋势。表明运动可显著提高循环和靶器官FGF21水平。积极开展运动介导的FGF21表达与肝脂、糖脂代谢紊乱及心血管等疾病康复研究,将为代谢性疾病预防与康复及其相关药物筛选提供新思路和新靶点。     

FGF21代谢调节机制的研究进展

代谢综合征在全世界广泛流行，我国代谢综合征的发病率已达24.2%。代谢综合征是糖尿病和心血管疾病发病的危险因素。成纤维细胞生长因子21(fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21)是一种代谢信号调节蛋白，外源性FGF21类似物具有降低血糖、血脂和体重等多种药理作用，但FGF21调节代谢的机制目前仍不明确，可能涉及脂联素依赖途径、非脂联素依赖途径和大脑中枢调节途径等。临床研究发现，高水平的FGF21与代谢综合征的发生、发展和不良预后密切相关，存在“FGF21抵抗”。本文旨在概述FGF21代谢调节机制的最新研究进展，以期为代谢性疾病的临床诊疗和研究提供新思路。     

成纤维细胞生长因子的生理病理作用及应用进展

成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factors,FGFs)以旁分泌或内分泌的方式参与多种生理活动的调节,维护成体组织的正常结构、功能并参与代谢调控。FGFs通过结合配体硫酸乙酰肝素或klotho使成纤维细胞生长因子受体二聚化而发挥生物学作用。过去的十年中,FGFs结构和分子机制的研究成果改变了人们对FGF信号在人类健康和疾病发生、发展中的认识,为以FGF及其受体为靶点的药物开发带来新的突破。文章综述了FGF的生理、病理作用及最新应用研究进展。     

β-Klotho在物质能量代谢及肿瘤发展中的作用

β-Klotho(KLB)是Klotho蛋白家族中一员，主要分布在肝、脂肪、胰腺、大脑等器官和组织。KLB是一种单次跨膜蛋白质，也是成纤维细胞生长因子19/21(FGF19/21)靶向激活成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFRs)的关键的高亲和力共受体。KLB在FGF21/19-KLB-FGFRs通路中参与机体对血糖、脂质、体重、胆汁酸循环等物质能量的调节，参与多种组织器官中细胞增殖的调节。本文将对KLB的结构特征和分布，以及在FGF19/21-KLB-FGFRs通路中对物质能量的调节作用和肿瘤形成中的作用进行综述。     

FGF8在脊椎动物早期胚胎发育中的调控作用

成纤维细胞生长因子8 (fibroblast growth factor 8,FGF8)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族的成员之一,是一种组织发育过程中的重要分泌性调控信号分子,参与脊椎动物的多种组织器官的发生与发育.早期胚胎细胞通过表达FGF8在组织和器官发育、血管发生、血细胞生成、附肢发生和伤口愈合等方面发挥着重要作用.FGF8不但可以在细胞外通过胞内信号通路,而且也可以进入细胞内部发挥生物学功能.本文就FGF8在脊椎动物神经系统、内脏器官、肢体发育及不对称发育等组织、器官发育中的调控作用予以阐述.     

成纤维细胞生长因子21的研究进展*

成纤维细胞生长因子21（fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21）是一种主要的脂肪代谢调节因子,主要在肝脏中表达;FGF21有助于肝脏的脂肪代谢以及生酮反应,可以促进脂肪细胞摄取葡萄糖,促进胰岛素分泌,延缓肿瘤的发展等功能。近年来研究过程中发现,FGF21可以用于糖尿病和降血脂等其他代谢疾病治疗。主要对FGF21的特点,作用机理及其分子机制进行了概括,并对FGF21在糖尿病治疗和降血脂方面的研究进行了综述。     

成纤维细胞生长因子在骨修复中的作用和应用

成纤维细胞生长因子 ( FGF)是一类与肝素有高亲和性的多聚肽 ,最初根据它能刺激成纤维细胞再生而命名。现已发现有 1 8个成员 ,即 FGF1- FGF18。目前研究得最多的是 FGF1和 FGF2 。根据它们等电点 ( PI)的不同 ,FGF1又称为酸性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( a FGF,PI为 5 .6) ,FGF2 又称为碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( b FGF,PI为 9.6) ,它们均通过自分泌和 /或旁分泌途径在组织修复中发挥重要作用。成纤维细胞生长因子受体 ( FGFR)属于免疫球蛋白超家族成员 ,目前已确定了 4种由独立基因编码的人 FGFR。它们是一种跨膜蛋白质 ,分为细…     

成纤维细胞生长因子17研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子17(FGF17)是成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)家族的成员之一,并与FGF8、FGF18组成FGF8亚家族。在胚胎时期FGF17扮演重要角色,对多种组织器官起着重要作用。研究发现,FGF17不仅参与了脑部发育和神经形成,而且参与骨骼、动脉的发育和肿瘤等生物过程。现针对FGF17的特点,及其在胚胎发育、神经系统、癌症等方面的作用进行综述。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.