小麦农家品种赤壳中一个主效抗条锈病基因的微卫星标记和定位

小麦农家品种赤壳(苏1900)对当前我国小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici)多个流行小种均有较好抗性。遗传分析表明,该品种对条中32号小种的抗性是由一对显性基因控制。本文采用分离群体分析法(bulked segregant analysis,BSA)和微卫星多态性分析方法,对该基因进行了分子标记和定位研究。用Taichung29×赤壳的F2代分离群体建立抗、感DNA池,共筛选了400多对SSR引物,发现5个标记Xwmc44、Xgwm259、Xwmc367、Xcfa2292、Xbarc80在抗、感DNA池间与在抗、感亲本间同样具有多态性,它们均位于1BL染色体臂上。经用具有140株抗病株、60株感病株共200株植株的F2代分离群体进行的遗传连锁性检测,上述5个标记均与目的基因相连锁,遗传距离分别为8.3cM、9.1cM、17.2cM、20.6cM和31.6cM。用全套21个中国春缺-四体材料进行的检测进一步证实了这5个SSR标记均位于小麦1B染色体上。综合上述结果,将赤壳中的主效抗条锈病基因YrChk定位在1BL染色体臂上。与以前已定位于1B染色体上的抗条锈病基因的比较研究表明,YrChk基因可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。小麦农家品种中抗病基因资源的发掘和利用将有助于提高我国小麦生产品种中的抗病基因丰富度,有助于改善长期以来小麦生产品种中抗病基因单一化的局面。     

小麦抗白粉病基因SSR标记定位

从波兰小麦与普通小麦感病品系‘中13’杂交后代中选育出小麦抗源材料WP6192,田间表现高抗白粉病,遗传分析表明其含有1对显性抗白粉病基因,暂定名为PmWP6192。用分离群体分组分析法筛选多态性SSR标记,并用F2代群体进行遗传连锁分析。结果表明,SSR标记Xgwm515、Xgwm249、Xgwm425、Xgwm372、Xg-wm630、Xbarc10、Xbarc220、Xbarc201和Xbarc353与PmWP6192基因连锁,相距最近的标记是Xbarc353,遗传距离为2.3cM。根据连锁标记所在的染色体位置,将PmWP6192定位于2AL染色体。通过基因来源分析和2AL染色体上已有抗白粉病基因的等位性分子检测,推断PmWP6192可能是1个新的抗白粉病基因。     

小麦新抗源CH5383抗条锈病基因的遗传分析及分子定位

CH5383是新育成的源于中间偃麦草的渗入系,对小麦条锈病和白粉病均表现免疫。为明确其抗性来源、遗传方式和抗病基因在染色体上的位置,将CH5383的系谱材料及其与高感条锈病品种(系)杂交的F1、F2和F2:3家系群体进行条锈病抗性鉴定。结果表明,CH5383对条锈病的抗性源于中间偃麦草,对条锈病生理小种CYR32的抗性由一对显性核基因控制,将此基因暂时命名为YrCH5383。从476对SSR引物中筛选到3对引物Xgwm108、Xbarc206和Xbarc77与抗病基因连锁,遗传距离分别是8.2 cM、10.7 cM和13.6 cM。根据这两对标记在染色体上的位置,将抗病基因定位到3B染色体的长臂上。3B染色体的长臂还未见有正式命名的抗条锈病基因的报道,推测YrCH5383可能是一个源于中间偃麦草的新抗条锈病基因。     

一个来自硬粒小麦的抗白粉病基因的鉴定和微卫星标记

在起源于硬粒小麦(TriticumdurumDesf.accessionDR147)和尾状山羊草(AegilopscaudataL.acc.Ae14)合成的双二倍体与普通小麦品种“莱州953”杂交组合衍生的BC3F2群体中鉴定了一个抗小麦白粉病基因。遗传分析表明,该基因为一个显性单基因。应用分离群体分组法(BSA),鉴定了两个与抗病基因紧密连锁的微卫星标记Xgwm311和Xgwm382,它们与抗病基因的遗传距离分别为5.9cM和4.9cM。对双二倍体亲本硬粒小麦DR147和尾状山羊草Ae14及轮回亲本“莱州953”的DNAPCR扩增结果表明,与抗病基因相关的微卫星标记Xgwm311和Xgwm382来源于硬粒小麦DR147。根据已发表的小麦微卫星图谱和对“中国春”缺-四体系DNA扩增结果,抗病基因被定位在小麦2A染色体的长臂末端。     

普通小麦Qz180中一个抗条锈病基因的分子作图

普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)材料Qz180具有良好的抗条锈病特性,经基因推导发现其含有一个优良的抗条锈病的基因,暂定名为YrQz.用Qz180与感病材料铭贤169和WL1分别杂交构建了两个F2群体,用条中30号条锈菌小种对这两个群体进行的抗性测验表明,YrQz为显性单基因遗传.通过SSR和AFLP结合BSA的方法对这个基因进行了分子作图,结果鉴定出与YrQz连锁的2个SSR标记和2个AFLP标记.根据SSR标记的染色体位置,该基因被定位在2B染色体的长臂上,位于两个SSR位点Xgwm388和Xgwm526之间;两个AFLP标记P35M48(452)和P36M61(163)分别位于该基因的两侧,遗传距离分别为3.4 cM和4.1cM.     

一个来自硬粒小麦的抗白粉病基因的鉴定和微卫星标记

在起源于硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.accession DR147)和尾状山羊草(Aegilops caudata L.acc.Ae14)合成的双二倍体与普通小麦品种"莱州953"杂交组合衍生的BC3F2群体中鉴定了一个抗小麦白粉病基因.遗传分析表明,该基因为一个显性单基因.应用分离群体分组法(BSA),鉴定了两个与抗病基因紧密连锁的微卫星标记Xgwm311和Xgwm382,它们与抗病基因的遗传距离分别为5.9 cM和4.9 cM.对双二倍体亲本硬粒小麦DR147和尾状山羊草Ae14及轮回亲本"莱州953"的DNA PCR扩增结果表明,与抗病基因相关的微卫星标记Xgwm311和Xgwm382来源于硬粒小麦DR147.根据已发表的小麦微卫星图谱和对"中国春"缺-四体系DNA扩增结果,抗病基因被定位在小麦2A染色体的长臂末端.     

粗山羊草抗条锈病新基因YrY206遗传分析和微卫星 标记

从小麦野生近缘属——粗山羊草中挖掘小麦条锈病抗病基因, 拓展小麦抗病性的遗传基础。利用抗小麦条锈病与感小麦条锈病的粗山羊草间杂交, 从粗山羊草[Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmal] Y206中鉴定出1个显性抗小麦条锈病基因, 暂定名为YrY206。应用分离群体分组法(Bulked segregant analysis, BSA)筛选到Wmc11a、Xgwm71c、Xgwm161和Xgwm183标记, 与该基因之间的遗传距离分别为4.0、3.3、1.5和9.3 cM。根据连锁标记所在小麦微卫星图谱的位置, YrY206被定位在3DS染色体上。分析基因所在染色体的位置、抗病性特征, 认为YrY206是一个新的抗小麦条锈病基因。     

普通小麦Qz180中一个抗条锈病基因的分子作图(英文)

普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)材料Qz180具有良好的抗条锈病特性,经基因推导发现其含有一个优良的抗条锈病的基因,暂定名为YrQz。用Qz180与感病材料铭贤169和WL1分别杂交构建了两个F_2群体,用条中30号条锈菌小种对这两个群体进行的抗性测验表明,YrQz为显性单基因遗传。通过SSR和AFLP结合BSA的方法对这个基因进行了分子作图,结果鉴定出与YrQz连锁的2个SSR标记和2个AFLP标记。根据SSR标记的染色体位置,该基因被定位在2B染色体的长臂上,位于两个SSR位点Xgwm388和Xgwm526之间;两个AFLP标记P35M48(452)和P36M61(163)分别位于该基因的两侧,遗传距离分别为3.4cM和4.1cM。     

人工合成小麦CI184条锈病成株抗性基因的鉴定及分子标记定位

以硬粒小麦-粗山羊草人工合成小麦CI184、感病品种‘铭贤169’及其杂交组合的正反交F1以及CI184/‘铭贤169’F2、F2:3家系为材料,鉴定其条锈病抗性,对CI184条锈病抗性进行遗传分析;采用SSR分子标记技术和集群分离分析法进行多态性筛选,以F3抗病鉴定数据为依据,对CI184中条锈病抗性基因进行分子标记定位。结果显示:(1)CI184在苗期抗性鉴定中,对30种小麦条锈菌生理小种表现抗性,但对中国四川新出现的条锈菌生理小种V26表现苗期感病;在田间成株抗性接种鉴定中,CI184对中国流行的小麦条锈菌生理小种条中32、条中33、水源4、水源5、水源7和V26等表现出成株抗性。(2)CI184中条锈病抗性由隐性基因位点控制。(3)仅检测到一个控制条锈病抗性的QTL位点,位于1B染色体上Xgwm18和Xwmc626之间,暂时命名为Qyr.zz_1B,在四川和北京2个环境中可分别解释CI184中13.36%和18.07%的成株抗性贡献率。(4)Qyr.zz_1B位点的3个SSR标记和Yr15的1个SSR标记可以区分该位点与1B染色体上的其他抗条锈病基因,如Yr15、Yr24和Yr26/YrCH42。表明Qyr.zz_1B位点在小麦条锈病的抗病育种中具有潜在的应用价值。     

小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主抗条锈病基因Yr9的微卫星标记

以含有Yr9的抗条锈病近等基因系Taichung29＊6／Yr9及其轮回亲本Taichung29为材料,用目的基因所在1B染色体上32对微卫星引物对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,发现引物Xgwm582在近等基因系与轮回亲本间可扩增出特异性DNA片段。经F2代分离群体177个抗、感单株检测证实,该片段位点与抗条锈病基因Yr9紧密连锁,遗传距离为3．7cM,确定Xgwm582可作为抗条锈病基因Yr9的标记。     

Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrSN104 in Chinese wheat line Shaannong 104

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious yield-limiting factor for wheat production worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify and map a stripe rust resistance gene in wheat line Shaannong 104 using SSR markers. F(1) , F(2) and F(3) populations from Shaannong 104/Mingxian 169 were inoculated with Chinese Pst race CYR32 in a greenhouse. Shaannong 104 carried a single dominant gene, YrSN104. Six potential polymorphic SSR markers identified in bulk segregant analysis were used to genotype F(2) and F(3) families. YrSN104 was closely linked with all six SSR markers on chromosome 1BS with genetic distances of 2.0 cM (Xgwm18, Xgwm273, Xbarc187), 2.6 cM (Xgwm11, Xbarc137) and 5.9 cM (Xbarc240). Pedigree analysis, pathogenicity tests using 26 Pst races, haplotyping of associated markers on isogenic lines carrying known stripe rust resistance genes, and associations with markers suggested that YrSN104 was a new resistance gene or an allele at the Yr24/Yr26 locus on chromosome 1BS. Deployment of YrSN104 singly or in combination to elite genotypes could play an effective role to lessen yield losses caused by stripe rust.     

兼抗白粉、条锈病小偃麦渗入系CH7124抗性遗传及细胞学鉴定

CH7124是通过八倍体小偃麦TAI8335与感病小麦杂交、回交育成的兼抗白粉病、条锈病的小偃麦种质系。利用抗性接种鉴定、细胞学和基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术相结合的方法,对CH7124的抗性来源、遗传方式及细胞学特征进行了分析和鉴定。结果表明,CH7124在苗期和成株期对条锈菌系CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33和白粉菌系E09、E20、E21、E26表现为免疫或近免疫,其抗性来自中间偃麦草,受1对显性核基因控制;CH7124的根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)绝大多数细胞内可观察到21个二价体,平均配对构型为2n=0.30 I+20.79 II+0.04 III;与普通小麦中国春、绵阳11的杂种F1中,有80%以上的花粉母细胞可观察到2n=21Ⅱ的染色体构型,其平均配对构型均为2n=21II。说明CH7124具有与普通小麦相似的染色体结构和规则的配对构型。由于利用以中间偃麦草总DNA为标记探针的原位杂交未观察到可见的外源DNA杂交信号,进一步证明CH7124是一个小麦-中间偃麦草的隐形异源渗入系。     

2003-2013年小麦品种(系)抗条锈性鉴定及评价

2003-2013年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室和甘谷试验站,分别对来自国内35个相关育种单位的冬春小麦品种(系)5001份,其中冬小麦4291份、春小麦710份,进行苗期混合菌、成株期分小种和混合菌抗条锈性接种鉴定,结果表明:全生育期表现免疫近免疫的有兰天31号等479份,高抗的有兰天23号等76份,中抗的有天选49等291份,分别占9.58％、1.52％和5.82％;成株期表现免疫近免疫的有天选50号等840份,高抗的有兰天27号等47份,中抗的有天选52等311份,分别占16.80％、0.94％和6.22％;苗期表现免疫近免疫的有兰天30号等964份,高抗的有天98102等122份,中抗的有00-30等273份,分别占19.28％、2.44％和5.46％.冬小麦有天选49号等914份材料表现全生育期抗病,占18.28％;有97-473等906份成株期表现抗病,占18.12％;有兰天20号等1225份苗期表现抗病,占24.50％.春小麦有定西41号等113份材料全生育期表现抗病,占2.26％;有陇春28号等125份成株期表现抗病,占2.50％;有0109-1等114份苗期对混合菌表现抗病,占2.28％.先后在甘肃天水汪川良种场对相关材料进行成株期抗条锈性评价,结果发现:1154份从小种圃筛选出的抗病材料中,表现抗病的有兰天31号等745份,占64.56％;105份甘肃陇南生产品种中,到2013年表现抗病的仅有兰天28号、中梁31号等30份材料,占28.57％;后备品系中,00-30-2-1、CP04-20、00127-2-3等抗性表现优异;抗源材料中,仅有贵农775、中四、T.Spelta albun、贵协1、贵协3等少数材料表现抗病,重要抗源材料贵农21、贵农22、南农92R、川麦42、Moro从2011年开始在田间表现感病,逐步失去利用价值.其衍生系品种材料如陇鉴9343、天选43号、中梁29号、兰天17号、兰天24号等也在田间逐步感病,条锈病发生流行压力持续增大.     

西科麦2028抗条锈性的遗传分析

西科麦2028是地理远缘小麦材料的杂交后代,具有突出的抗条锈病性能。为了解西科麦2028对小麦条锈病的抗性遗传规律,以西科麦2028和铭贤169的杂交群体为研究对象,采用我国目前小麦条锈菌流行小种CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、Su11-4对供试群体进行成株期接种,分析杂交后代的抗病性及分布情况。结果表明:西科麦2028对CYR31的抗病性由3对显性基因控制;对CYR32由2对显性和1对隐性基因控制;对CYR33由1对显性基因控制;对Su11-4由1对显性和1对隐性基因控制。     

Inheritance and expression of stripe rust resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) transferred from Aegilops tauschii and its utilization

Stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases for wheat crops in China. Two stripe rust physiological strains, i.e. CYR30 (intern. name: 175E191) and CYR31 (intern. name: 293E175) have been the dominant and epidemic physiological strains since 1994. One Aegilops tauschii accession (SQ-214) from CIMMYT was found immune from or highly resistant to Chinese new stripe rust races CYR30 and CYR31 at adult stage. SQ-214 was crossed with a highly susceptible Ae. tauschii accession As-80. Analysis of data from F1-F2 populations of SQ-214/As-80 revealed that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. To exploit the resistance for wheat breeding, SQ-214 was crossed with Chinese Spring (CS) and backcrossed by two Chinese commercial wheat varieties MY26 and SW3243. The resistance from SQ-214 was suppressed in the F1 hybrids (CS/SQ-214) and the F2 population of CS/SQ-214//MY26. However, the resistance of SQ-214 was expressed in several F2 individuals of CS/SQ-214//SW3243. Eleven advanced lines with high level of resistance to the Chinese stripe rust CYR30 and CYR31 have been developed. This result suggested that SW3243 does not suppress the expression of the Chinese stripe rust and should be used as wheat germplasm for exploiting resistance of Ae. tauschii in wheat breeding. The gliadin electrophoretic pattern of the eleven advanced lines with high stripe rust resistances was compared with their parents SQ-214, CS and SW3243 by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The omega-gliadin bands of Gli-Dt1 in Ae. tauschii SQ-214 were transferred to some advanced lines and freely expressed in common wheat genetic background. One of advanced lines possesses a null Gli-D1 allele, where the omega-gliadin bands encoding by the Gli-D1 allele were absent. The potential utilization of this advanced line for wheat quality and stripe rust resistance breeding is also discussed in this paper.     

陇南越夏区自生麦苗条形柄锈菌毒性表型及分子基因型分析

为了解陇南地区越夏自生麦苗上条形柄锈菌的毒性组成及群体遗传结构,将采自天水、陇南及定西的自生麦苗上的39个单孢子堆菌系采用中、美鉴别寄主毒性分析法和TP-M13-SSR荧光标记技术,进行毒性鉴定并对其基因组DNA进行SSR标记分析。结果显示：在中国鉴别寄主上供试菌系被区分为9个致病类型,在美国鉴别寄主上则得到24个毒性类型,在中美鉴别寄主上共得到30个毒性表型。通过中国鉴别寄主鉴定的CYR32、CYR33为优势小种,毒性比率分别达到35.9%和30.8%。SSR标记将这些菌系划分为36个基因型,毒性分析与     

Identification and genetic mapping of a recessive gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat line LM168-1

Stripe rust (or yellow rust), caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat. Characterization and utilization of novel resistant genes is the most effective, economic and environmentally friendly approach to controlling the disease. Wheat line LM168-1, which was derived from a cross between common wheat Chuannong 16 and Milan, has good adult-plant resistance to stripe rust, based on field tests over several years. To elucidate the genetic basis of resistance, LM168-1 was crossed with susceptible variety SY95-71. Parents and F1, F2, BC1 and F2:3 progenies were tested in 2009–2011 in a field inoculated with the predominant races of Pst in China. The genetic analysis showed that resistance to stripe rust in LM168-1 was controlled by a single recessive gene, temporarily designated yrLM168. Simple sequence repeat (SSR), resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to the resistance locus. Finally, a linkage group consisting of two SSR, four RGAP and five TRAP markers was constructed for yrLM168 with 102 F2 plants. The closest markers R1 and R2 flanked the resistance gene locus at 2.4 and 2.4 cM, respectively. Furthermore, two SSR markers Xwmc59 and Xwmc145 assigned the gene to chromosome 6A. Because yrLM168 confers high-level resistance to the predominant races of Pst in China, it should be useful in stripe rust resistance breeding programs. The closely linked markers can be used for rapidly transferring yrLM168 to wheat breeding populations.     

小麦抗条锈基因Yr69的连锁标记开发

抗条锈病基因Yr69对我国小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)小种具有广谱抗性,在小麦抗条锈病育种中具有重要价值.为提高分子标记辅助选择育种的效率,加快Yr69在小麦抗病育种中的应用,本研究利用条锈菌小种CYR34对包含340个小麦家系的'Taichung29/CH7086'...     

Molecular Detection of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene(s) in 115 Wheat Cultivars (lines) from the Yellow and Huai River Valley Wheat Region

Stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious disease of wheat worldwide, including China. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. To assess the stripe rust resistance in commercial wheat cultivars and advanced lines in the Yellow and Huai River Valley Wheat Region, 115 wheat cultivars (lines) collected from 13 provinces in this region were evaluated with the most prevalent Chinese Pst races CYR32, CYR33 and the new race V26 at seedling stage. In addition, these wheat entries were inoculated with the mixed races of CYR32 and CYR33 at the adult‐plant stage in the field. The results indicated that 53 (46.1%) cultivars (lines) had all‐stage resistance to all the three races, and 16 (13.9%) cultivars (lines) showed adult‐plant resistance. The possible stripe rust resistance genes in these entries were postulated by the closely linked markers of all‐stage resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr26 and adult‐plant resistance gene Yr18. Molecular analysis indicated that resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr18 and Yr26 were found in 5 (4.3%), 38 (33.0%), 1 (0.9%), 2 (1.7%) and 8 (7.0%) entries, respectively. No entry was found to carry the Yr15 gene. In future breeding programs, Yr5, Yr15 and Yr18 should be used to pyramid with other effective genes to develop wheat cultivars with high‐level and durable resistance to stripe rust, whereas Yr9, Yr10 and Yr26 should not be used or used in a limited way due to the virulent races present in China.     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene derived from Psathynrostachys huashanica Keng in wheat line H9014-121-5-5-9

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide and is also an important disease in China. The wheat translocation line H9014-121-5-5-9 was originally developed from interspecific hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng. This translocation line showed resistance to predominant stripe rust races in China when it was tested with nine races of Pst. To determine the inheritance and map the resistance gene, segregating populations were developed from the cross between H9014-121-5-5-9 and the susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169. The seedlings of the F1, F2, and F2:3 generations were tested with race CYR31. The results showed that the resistance in H9014-121-5-5-9 was conferred by a single dominant gene. Bulked segregant analysis and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify polymorphic markers associated with the resistance gene locus. Seven polymorphic SSR markers were linked to the resistance gene. A linkage map was constructed according to the genotypes of the seven SSR markers and the resistance gene. Based on the SSR marker positions on the wheat chromosome, the resistance gene was assigned on chromosome 1AL, temporarily designated YrHA. Based on chromosomal location, reaction patterns and pedigree analysis, YrHA should be a novel resistance gene to stripe rust. The molecular markers of the new resistance gene in H9014-121-5-5-9 could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs against stripe rust.