2003-2013年小麦品种(系)抗条锈性鉴定及评价

2003-2013年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室和甘谷试验站,分别对来自国内35个相关育种单位的冬春小麦品种(系)5001份,其中冬小麦4291份、春小麦710份,进行苗期混合菌、成株期分小种和混合菌抗条锈性接种鉴定,结果表明:全生育期表现免疫近免疫的有兰天31号等479份,高抗的有兰天23号等76份,中抗的有天选49等291份,分别占9.58％、1.52％和5.82％;成株期表现免疫近免疫的有天选50号等840份,高抗的有兰天27号等47份,中抗的有天选52等311份,分别占16.80％、0.94％和6.22％;苗期表现免疫近免疫的有兰天30号等964份,高抗的有天98102等122份,中抗的有00-30等273份,分别占19.28％、2.44％和5.46％.冬小麦有天选49号等914份材料表现全生育期抗病,占18.28％;有97-473等906份成株期表现抗病,占18.12％;有兰天20号等1225份苗期表现抗病,占24.50％.春小麦有定西41号等113份材料全生育期表现抗病,占2.26％;有陇春28号等125份成株期表现抗病,占2.50％;有0109-1等114份苗期对混合菌表现抗病,占2.28％.先后在甘肃天水汪川良种场对相关材料进行成株期抗条锈性评价,结果发现:1154份从小种圃筛选出的抗病材料中,表现抗病的有兰天31号等745份,占64.56％;105份甘肃陇南生产品种中,到2013年表现抗病的仅有兰天28号、中梁31号等30份材料,占28.57％;后备品系中,00-30-2-1、CP04-20、00127-2-3等抗性表现优异;抗源材料中,仅有贵农775、中四、T.Spelta albun、贵协1、贵协3等少数材料表现抗病,重要抗源材料贵农21、贵农22、南农92R、川麦42、Moro从2011年开始在田间表现感病,逐步失去利用价值.其衍生系品种材料如陇鉴9343、天选43号、中梁29号、兰天17号、兰天24号等也在田间逐步感病,条锈病发生流行压力持续增大.

Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat Varieties (Lines) during 2003~2013

Five thousand and one wheat varieties (lines) including four thousand two hundred and ninety-one winter wheat varieties (lines) and seven hundred and ten spring wheat varieties (lines) , which come from thirty-five breeding unite in China, were evaluated their resistance to stripe rust by artificial inoculated mixed tested races/isolates of puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici (Pst) at seedling stage in Lanzhou greenhouse, and tested single/mixed races/isolates of Pst at adult plant stage at Gangu testing station, institute of plant protection, Gansu academy of agricultural sciences (IPP GAAS) during 2003~2013. The results showed that four hundred and seventy-nine, seventy-six, two hundred and ninety-one wheat varieties (lines) were immune (IM), high resistance (HR) and middle resistance (MR) in seedling and adult plant stage to all tested single/mixed races/isolates of Pst, about 9.58%, 1.52% and 5.82%, respectively. Eight hundred and forty, forty-seven, three hundred and eleven wheat varieties (lines) were IM, HR and MR in adult plant stage, about 16.80%, 0.94% and 6.22%. respectively. Nine hundred and sixty-four, one hundred and twenty-four, two hundred and seventy-three wheat varieties (lines) were IM, HR and MR to tested mixed races/isolates of Pst in seedling stage, about19.28%, 2.44% and 5.46%. Nine hundred and fourteen, nine hundred and six, one thousand two hundred and twenty-five winter wheat varieties (lines) were resistance to all tested single/mixed races/isolates of Pst in all-stage, adult plant stage and seedling stage, about 18.28%, 18.12% and 24.50%, respectively. One hundred and thirteen, one hundred and twenty-five, one hundred and fourteen spring wheat varieties (lines) were resistance in all-stage, adult plant stage and seedling stage, about 2.26%, 2.50% and 2.28%, respectively. By natural induced isolates of Pst at Wangchuan farm to evaluated resistance in field during 2004~2013. The results showed that seven hundred and forty five wheat varieties (lines) which from races/isolates pool of Pst at Gangu testing station, IPP GAAS were resistance, about 64.56%. One hundred and five commercial wheat varieties in Gansu province, only thirty wheat varieties including Lantian 19, Tianxuan 44 were resistance in field from 2003 to 2013, about 28.57%. Some wheat lines of Gansu province especially including 00-30-2-1, CP04-20 and 00127-2-3, were immune or high resistance to stripe rust in field than other wheat lines. There were a few wheat germplasms including Guinong 775, Zhong 5, T.Spelta album, Guixie 1 and Guixie 3 were resistant to tested and natural races/isolates of Pst, and mostly importance to the sources including Guinong 21, Guinong 22, 92R, Chuanmai 42 and Moro were susceptible to stripe rust in field since 2011, and lost its value in planting and breeding. The offspring wheat varieties including Longjian 9343, Tianxuan 43, Zhongliang 29, Lantian 17 and Lantian 24, were susceptible slowly to stripe rust in field. Epidemic pressure continues to increase to stripe rust in field in Longnan region, Gansu province and China. Discussed the relationship between tested and natural inoculated isolates of Pst, and importance of using resistant wheat varieties (lines) in Longnan region, Gansu province in this paper.