番茄多胁迫诱导型LeMTshsp 启动子的分子克隆及其功能分析

根据Southern 杂交结果, 选取KpnⅠ与EcoRⅠ双酶切番茄中蔬4 号基因组DNA, 3 kb 左右的酶切片段连入pBSⅡKS ( + ) 载体, 构建成含有线粒体小分子热激蛋白基因( LeMTshsp) 上游2 kb 左右调控区的质粒文库。通过巢式PCR 方法从构建的质粒文库中克隆出LeMTshsp 基因上游1915 bp 的调控区( GenBank登录号为AB239774) 。该序列含有TATA box 及CAAT box 等启动子基本元件, 还具有6 组典型的HSE 元件及多个AT-rich 区, 另外还有许多逆境反应元件如ABRE , C-repeat— DRE , AP-1。凝胶阻滞结果表明, 纯化的HsfA2 蛋白与LeMTshsp 启动子的HSE 元件在体外具有结合活性, 且与近端5 组HSE 的结合活性比与远端HSE 的结合活性强。构建该启动子与GUS 基因的融合载体, 利用农杆菌介导的叶圆盘法转化番茄, GUS 组织化学染色结果表明LeMTshsp 启动子对热激、低温、外源ABA 及重金属胁迫都有应答     

桃PpMADS1基因启动子的克隆及功能分析

PpMADS1基因属于一类MADS box 基因,在植物的花发育调控中起着重要的作用。通过Genome Walking的方法从桃基因组中分离了长度为1 814bp的PpMADS1基因启动子片段,序列分析表明,在此启动子上不仅含有TATA box 和CAAT box基本元件,而且含有大量的与光调节有关的调控元件,如GT-1,Sp1和as-2-box,另外存在两个CArG-box元件、一个G-box元件和一个TGA-element,说明该启动子可能受光周期和激素的调控。将该启动子通过5′端缺失,分区段与GUS报告基因连接构建表达载体,并转化拟南芥。GUS组织化学染色分析结果表明,在-197到-454bp有促使GUS在花原基中表达的花原基特异性元件,在-454到-678bp之间存在促使GUS在萼片和花瓣表达的特异性元件,在-678到-978bp存在负调控作用元件,阻遏了GUS基因在花药中的表达。     

油菜质膜水孔蛋白BnPIP1基因启动子区的克隆及初步的功能分析

利用双链接头介导PCR的染色体步行技术, 克隆了油菜质膜水孔蛋白BnPIP1基因上游1.6 kb的调控区域(GenBank登录号为AF472487). 序列分析表明, 该片段中含有种子萌发特异性序列及维管束特异性序列. 将其全长片段及5′端不同长度的缺失片段与gus(uidA)基因连接构建植物表达载体, 转化烟草. GUS组织化学染色表明, 全长1.6 kb片段具有较强的启动子活性. GUS染色主要分布在细胞迅速增生的部位及维管束组织中. 启动子缺失试验的GUS染色结果表明, -1610~-1030 bp区段的缺失使gus基因的表达明显变弱, 推测该区段含有启动子的正调控元件; -1030~-902 bp可能存在强烈抑制基因表达的负调控元件; -902~-19 bp的片段亦可驱动gus基因的高水平表达.     

荔枝LcVSP1基因5''调控序列的克隆及功能初步鉴定

利用Genome walker法获得了荔枝营养贮藏蛋白质LcVSP1基因的5'调控序列,构建了含有该序列的植物表达载体并转化烟草,通过PCR和GUS染色对转化植株进行了鉴定.序列分析表明,LcVSP1基因的5'调控序列中除含有真核生物典型的核心启动子区域和保守的TATA box序列外,还发现了一些与真核生物启动子中相似的顺式调控元件.对获得的转基因植株的GUS染色发现,在转基因植株的茎、叶柄和主叶脉呈现蓝色,表明LeVSP1的5'调控序列可以启动GUS基因的表达,具有启动子的活性,并具有组织特异性.     

獐茅HAK基因表达调控区的分离及其在水稻中的功能分析

獐茅高亲和性K+转运蛋白基因(AlHAK1)是从单子叶禾本科盐生植物獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis(Gouan)Parl)中克隆,对于细胞营养和离子渗透调节起关键作用。为了进一步了解AlHAK1基因的表达调控机制,文章采用基因组步移法分离了AlHAK1基因转录起始位点上游长度约1.3 kb的启动子区域。启动子顺式元件分析显示该序列具有典型的TATA和CAAT盒,以及一些与植物生长发育和环境响应相关的顺式元件。为了明确AlHAK1启动子的功能,将其与GUS基因融合构建到植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301上,通过农杆菌介导转化法导入水稻中。对转基因植株进行GUS组织化学染色,结果显示在转化AlHAK1启动子水稻的根、茎、叶、花药和内外稃部位均检测到GUS活性。GUS荧光定量分析显示AlHAK1启动子调节GUS表达活性低于组成型启动子CaMV35S和Ubiquitin,但其根部和茎部的GUS活性相对较高。对转化植株进行不同胁迫处理后检测GUS活性,结果表明受到ABA、干旱、高温的诱导后其茎部和根部GUS活性有所提高,推测位于该启动子-682 bp的HSE元件和-1 268 bp的MybBS元件可能在高温、ABA和干旱诱导的表达调控中起作用。     

杜氏盐藻硝酸盐还原酶基因5′上游序列的克隆与功能分析

目的:克隆杜氏盐藻硝酸盐还原酶(NR)基因5′上游序列,并对其功能进行分析。方法:利用BamHI、EcoRI、HindIII、PstI、SalI、Xbal6种限制性内切酶分别酶切盐藻基因组DNA,并与接头连接,构建成盐藻基因组步行文库。采用LA-PCR方法,从上述盐藻步行基因组文库中扩增NR基因5′上游序列,测序并进行分析。为检测其表达特性,构建了该片段与GUS嵌合基因的表达载体pNR-GUS,通过电击法将所构建的重组表达载体转化盐藻,组织化学染色法观察GUS的表达。结果:从盐藻基因组步行文库中扩增出约1200bp特异片段,序列分析表明5′上游序列含有启动子的特征性序列。GUS瞬时表达染色结果显示,该DNA片段具有硝酸盐诱导和铵抑制的启动子活性。结论:所克隆的盐藻的5′上游序列可能是一种具有“开关”活性的可控性启动子。     

棘孢木霉木聚糖酶Ⅰ基因和启动子克隆与分析

目的:克隆及分析棘孢木霉木聚糖酶Ⅰ结构基因和上游调控区,以获得内源启动子.方法:根据木霉属木聚糖酶Ⅰ结构基因及上游调控区的保守性,以棘孢木霉基因组DNA为模板,进行简并PCR扩增.产物纯化并克隆至T载体,经酶切鉴定后讲行序列分析.结果:扩增获得1.2 kb的片段,酶切鉴定及序列分析表明,该片段长1 265 bp,由753 bp的木聚糖酶Ⅰ结构基因和512 bp的上游调控区组成.结构基因编码230个氨基酸,具有糖基水解酶第11家族的典型保守区域.上游调控区具备核心启动子和转录起始点,有CAAT-Box、TATA-Box等启动子特征元件,分析其还有Cre Ⅰ、XlnR、Acel、AreA等多个转录因子结合位点.结论:克隆的512 bp上游调控区是典型的丝状真菌基因启动子,可作为内源启动子用于构建棘孢木霉高效外源基因表达系统.     

杜氏盐藻硝酸盐还原酶基因5′上游序列的克隆与功能分析

目的:克隆杜氏盐藻硝酸盐还原酶（NR）基因5′上游序列序列,并对其功能进行分析。方法: 利用BamHI、EcoRI、HindIII、PstI、SalI、Xbal 6种限制性内切酶分别酶切盐藻基因组DNA,并与接头连接,构建成盐藻基因组步行文库。采用 LA-PCR方法,从上述盐藻步行基因组文库中扩增NR基因5′上游序列序列,测序并进行分析。为检测其表达特性,构建了该片段与GUS 嵌合基因的表达载体pNR-GUS, 通过电击法将所构建的重组表达载体转化盐藻,组织化学染色法观察GUS的表达。结果: 从盐藻基因组步行文库中扩增出约1200bp特异片段,序列分析表明5′上游序列含有启动子的特征性序列。GUS瞬时表达染色结果显示,该DNA 片段具有硝酸盐诱导和铵抑制的启动子活性。结论：所克隆的盐藻的5′上游序列可能是一种具有"开关"活性的可控性启动子。     

荔枝LcVSP1基因5′调控序列的克隆及功能初步鉴定

利用Genome Walker法获得了荔枝营养贮藏蛋白质Lc VSP1基因的5′调控序列,构建了含有该序列的植物表达载体并转化烟草,通过PCR和GUS染色对转化植株进行了鉴定.序列分析表明,Lc VSP1基因的5′调控序列中除含有真核生物典型的核心启动子区域和保守的TATA box序列外,还发现了一些与真核生物启动子中相似的顺式调控元件.对获得的转基因植株的GUS染色发现,在转基因植株的茎、叶柄和主叶脉呈现蓝色,表明Lc VSP1的5′调控序列可以启动GUS基因的表达,具有启动子的活性,并具有组织特异性.     

家蝇卵黄蛋白基因启动子区的克隆与活性分析

从家蝇基因组文库中分离到含约1．7kb5’上游区的家蝇卵黄蛋白-1基因组基因序列,根据其5’上游序列,PCR扩增出大小不同的4个启动子片段,分别插入到切除了CMV启动子的pCMV-GFP质粒中的绿色荧光蛋白报告基因上游,构建了pMYP1-GFP、pMYP2-GFP、pMYP3-GFP和pMYP4-GFP4个重组质粒。另将 684／ 7、 1165／ 7这两个启动子片段用SpeⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切,去除包含CAAT／TATA盒的 302／ 7序列区后,分别构建了pMYP5-GFP和pMYP6-GFP两个重组质粒。通过电转移实验和荧光检测表明。 684／ 7、 1165／ 7、 1616／ 7这3个启动子片段具有转录活性,而 684／ 7启动子片段的转录活性最强, 296／ 7、 684／ 302、 1165／ 302这3个启动子片段无转录活性。上述实验结果表明。 302／ 7序列区为启动子的核心部分。 302到 1616之间存在调控性启动子或增强子等其他一些顺式元件。细胞转染实验证实,6种启动子片段在BHK-21和Sf9细胞中都未表现出可检测的转录活性,说明家蝇卵黄蛋白基因启动子具有组织或细胞特异性。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various