上海部分地区戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型的分析

为了解戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV)在上海部分地区流行的基因型 ,采用RT nPCR的方法检验 35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中HEVRNA ,并对阳性产物进行克隆测序 ,然后对其基因型进行分析。结果显示在 35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中PCR阳性为 9例 ,测序证实 8例为HEV的基因序列 ;其中 1例为HEV 1型 ,7例为HEV 4型。提示在上海部分地区的急性散发性戊型肝炎中以HEV 4型感染为主     

南京地区戊型肝炎病毒基因型鉴定和变异分析

为了解南京地区戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)基因型的分布以及变异状况,本研究采用逆转录套式聚合酶反应(RT-nPCR)的方法检测南京地区40份急性散发性戊型肝炎患者的粪便标本,对PCR产物进行测序,利用生物信息学软件比较核苷酸的同源性、遗传距离,进行基因分型和变异分析.40份粪便标本中检测到14份阳性HEV、RNA,检出率为35%,基因分型均为HEV Ⅳ型,且分属2个不同的亚型;利用生物信息学软件对国内Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型毒株加以比较,发现HEV Ⅳ型毒株比Ⅰ型变异程度高,不同年份的HEV Ⅳ型毒株变异更大,有新的亚型出现,且变异有随时间推移而增大的趋势.     

南京地区戊型肝炎病毒基因型鉴定和变异分析

为了解南京地区戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)基因型的分布以及变异状况,本研究采用逆转录套式聚合酶反应(RT-nPCR)的方法检测南京地区40份急性散发性戊型肝炎患者的粪便标本,对PCR产物进行测序,利用生物信息学软件比较核苷酸的同源性、遗传距离,进行基因分型和变异分析。40份粪便标本中检测到14份阳性HEV、RNA,检出率为35%,基因分型均为HEV IV型,且分属2个不同的亚型;利用生物信息学软件对国内I型和IV型毒株加以比较,发现HEV IV型毒株比I型变异程度高,不同年份的HEV IV型毒株变异更大,有新的亚型出现,且变异有随时间推移而增大的趋势。     

福建省2000～2003年戊型肝炎病毒分离株的分子流行病学研究

为研究福建省2000～2003年急性散发性戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）分离株的分子流行病学特征,采用RT—PCR方法扩增HEV ORF2的基因片段,经纯化、克隆、测序后,对其序列用Neighbor-Joining法和Bootstrap法进行基因进化分析。从158例急性散发性戊型肝炎的血清标本中扩增出72份HEV RNA,经基因进化树分析,这72株HEV均属于HEV基因Ⅳ型,且被明显地分为A、B、C、D共4个组群。A群的同源性最高,群内同源性为93．3％～100％;D群的同源性最低,群内同源性在86．6％～100％之间。A群和B群流行株所占比例没有差异;C群流行株所占比例由2002年的7．1％逐渐增加到2003年的26．3％（x^2=10．553,P=0．014）;D群则由85．7％逐渐减少到44．7％（x^2=8．136,P=0．043）。引起福建地区急性散发性戊型肝炎流行的HEV均属于HEV基因Ⅳ型,基因型内存在不同的组群,其中D群的变异较大。     

广州地区急性散发性HEV毒株基因特征和生物学性状的研究

利用RT-PCR技术对我国广州地区急性散发性戊型肝炎病毒细 胞培养分离株G93-1、G93-2、G93-3和G93-4基因组聚合酶区部分核苷酸序列(4522～4761nt)进行检测,PCR阳性产物经纯化、克隆后测序。结果G93-1、G93-3和G93-4株 病毒的 这段序列完全相同,且与我国新疆暴发流行的HEV 87A株及亚洲HEV代表株的同源性为100%; 而G93-2株与它们的差异较大,同源性只有79.9%;但是,它与1997年从厦门地区急 性戊型肝炎病人血清中检测的X-S1株同源性很高,达99.2%。并对G93-2株病毒的生物学特性进行了研究,结果与87A株一致。表明我国南方散发性HEV毒株的基因组存在差异,可能同时流行着两种不同的HEV基因型,但生物学性状是相同的。     

一株褐家鼠戊型肝炎病毒的发现鉴定及系统发生分析

对云南省大理市小型哺乳动物携带的戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）进行调查,用巢式RT-PCR对捕获的小型哺乳动物样品中的病毒进行检测,用高通量测序对阳性HEV样本进行毒株全基因组测序,用MEGA-X、BESTv1.10.4和Geneious软件进行生物信息学分析。本研究筛查了6属7种共114只小型哺乳动物样本,结果显示：HEV在褐家鼠中的阳性率为8.00%(2/25);高通量测序获得1株编号为DL147的HEV全基因组,经系统发生分析确定其为HEV-C1基因型,与香港1例戊型肝炎患者血清中发现的HEV同源性最高,核苷酸序列一致性达95.21%,两株病毒的最早分歧时间约为2003年。研究证实,云南省大理市褐家鼠存在HEV-C1感染,其与近期报道的人源新发HEV高度同源,有较近的系统发生关系,对戊型肝炎防控有指导作用。     

三株散发性戊型肝炎病毒变异株的部分序列比较

对三株散发性戊型肝炎病毒Ch-T11、Ch-T21、Ch-T40的部分基因组做克隆测序,经比较发现与其它国内外HEV株ORF2部分相应核苷酸序列同源性在78.3-81.3%,Ch-T21与Ch-T40的核苷酸同源性为98.8%,而Ch-T11与前两者的同源性则分别为89.8%和90.2%.Ch-T11、Ch-T21、Ch-T40与其它HEV株相应氨基酸序列同源性在95.8-97.9%,它们之间的氨基酸同源性则为100%.系统进化树分析显示,这三株HEV可能代表着一新型HEV.     

戊型肝炎病毒感染实验室诊断方法研究进展

戊型肝炎是由戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)引起的急性病毒性肝炎,已经成为威胁人群健康的公共卫生问题。HEV主要通过消化道传播,但随着HEV输血传播病例的报道,HEV给输血安全带来的风险也受到人们的重视。通过分析戊型肝炎现有的诊断手段,以对献血员的HEV筛查提供借鉴作用,这对输血安全中戊型肝炎的预防和控制具有重大意义。目前常用的戊型肝炎检测指标主要包括:HEV RNA、HEV抗原、抗-HEV IgM、抗-HEV IgG。核酸检测是戊型肝炎诊断的"金标准",对于慢性戊型肝炎患者、免疫缺陷人群及无肝炎症状的HEV感染者都有着特别优势。HEV抗原作为HEV现症感染指标,对于血站HEV筛查和急性戊型肝炎诊断有很好的应用价值。抗-HEV IgM是HEV近期感染的标志,不能作为HEV现症感染的单一指标。而抗-HEV IgG只能指示HEV既往感染,不适用于急性戊型肝炎的诊断。目前,献血员HEV检测主要以核酸检测为基础,而HEV抗原检测可能弥补HEV RNA的检测不足。在未来,抗原检测和抗体检测对于献血员HEV筛查的价值还有待更多的研究评价。     

戊型肝炎治疗的进展

戊型肝炎(Hepatitis E,HE)是常见的急性病毒性肝炎之一,它由戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)感染引起。患者以中青年以及老年人居多,老年人、孕妇和肝脏疾病患者若感染HEV可能引发重症肝炎且病死率高。孕妇感染戊型肝炎病毒后,病死率可高达20%-30%[1,2]。戊型肝炎呈全球性分布,以散发多见,流行主要发生在亚洲、非洲和中美洲的发展中国家。1986-1988年新疆南部地区发生的戊型肝炎水型流行是迄今世界上最大一次流行,共计发病119 280例,死亡707例[3]。近些年来包括美国、日本、中国和印度等在内的一些发达及发展中国家或地区,戊型肝炎发病率有逐渐上升趋势,重型肝炎发病率和病死率逐年增加。控制该病已刻不容缓,但目前临床上还没有戊型肝炎标准化的治疗方案,本文针对戊型肝炎治疗方面进行介绍。     

一株长春地区戊型肝炎病毒全基因cDNA序列测定

我国报道的戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus HEV)基因组序列,大多数为散发型HEV部分基因序列的测定,仅少数为全基因序列的分析结果,而且,各实验室所分析的HEV片段不同,因此,很难确定新型变异株,远远不能满足中国基因分型的研究和临床诊断的需要.为此,我们对长春地区一株散发性HEV进行了全基因cDNA序列测定.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.