枯草杆菌复制始区主要核糖体蛋白质基因群中两个新突变的遗传研究

我们分离到19株螺旋霉素抗性(spi~R)突变体和49株核糖霉素抗性(Rib~R)突变体。其中有5株带有改变的核糖体蛋白质,这些蛋白质是:S4,S5,L18,L23和L13,它们的改变同抗菌素抗性表型没有因果关系。遗传定位spi和rib在主要核糖体蛋白质基因群中,基因排列的顺序是:cysA—rib—rpsL—spi—ts-5—rpsC—rpsE—ts。L23蛋白质基因也在rpsL—rpsC区,L18蛋白质基因不在这一区域内。带有L18蛋白质基因突变的SP4菌株的大分子合成速率都比对照菌株低,而仅带有L23蛋白质基因突变的TDL23菌株,RNA合成速率降低,蛋白质合成速率与对照菌株相差不大,这是TDL23的mRNA合成蛋白质能力提高的结果。     

枯草杆菌编码核糖体蛋白质S3、S5、S7、S12和S17的基因顺序

通过遗传转化和转导分析及核糖体蛋白质的双向凝肢电泳分析结果,表明编码枯草杆菌168核糖体30S小亚基五个核糖体蛋白质S3、S5、S7、S12和S17的基因顺序是rpsL-rpsC-rpsQ-rpsE-rpsG。     

Bt毒素诱导下小菜蛾实时定量PCR 内参基因的筛选

【目的】筛选出Bt毒素诱导后的小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)的实时定量PCR最适内参基因。【方法】选取核糖体18S rRNA (18S rRNA)、 肌动蛋白（ACTB）、 延伸因子（EF1）、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（GAPDH）、 核糖体蛋白L32 (RPL32)、 核糖体蛋白S13 （RPS13）、 核糖体蛋白S20 （RPS20）和β-微管蛋白(TUB)基因作为候选内参基因, 以geNorm、 Normfinder和BestKeeper软件分析这8个基因在Bt毒素诱导后的小菜蛾不同品系中肠组织中的表达稳定性。并应用筛选出来的内参基因分析小菜蛾氨肽酶2（aminopeptidase N2, APN2）基因的表达水平。【结果】geNorm软件以RPS13和EF1为最稳定内参基因, NormFinder和BestKeeper软件均以RPS13和RPL32为最稳定基因。使用3种不同内参基因分析Bt毒素诱导后的小菜蛾Bt抗性和敏感品系中ANP2表达水平时, 新的内参基因EF1和传统内参基因RPL32表现了良好的稳定性, 二者作为标准化因子, ANP2表达量结果基本一致, 而使用18S rRNA作为内参基因, 却导致部分表达量分析结果有所误差。【结论】筛选出PRS13,RPL32和EF1可以作为小菜蛾某些试验条件下的内参基因, 对小菜蛾基因表达研究奠定了一定基础, 也对其他昆虫内参基因的筛选具有参考价值。     

Escherichia coli 核糖体蛋白质突变影响Lambda噬菌体N基因的表达

λ Nam 7除其cI基因是cI 857温度敏感突变外,其N基因携有amber无义突变,故在Eseherichia coli A19(met,thi,his-95,rna-19,rel-1)上不能增殖。λcI 857只有cI 857温度敏感突变,其N基因是野生型,所以能以E. coli A19为宿主进行增殖。λcI 857和λ Nam7只有1个N基因之差。λcI 857在A19及其衍生株上增殖的优劣,可以作为判断N基因表达程度高低的标准。本文以24种核糖体蛋白质突变体为宿主,测定λcI 857的成斑率。结果在S3+L22,S4+L16+L24,S21+L25,L24,缺L1,缺S3等突变体中,成斑率下降到10~(-6)—10~(-6);在S3+S18+L6+L24+L27和L27突变体中,成斑率分别提高6.02和3.56倍。以上结果说明核糖体蛋白质突变影响λ N基因的表达。     

黄鳝性腺高表达的核糖体蛋白基因

采用高密点阵技术从黄鳝雄性性腺cDNA文库中获得8个克隆,序列分析和BLAST结果显示它们编码的蛋白质分别与40S核糖体蛋白S4,S9,S16,S17,S20和60S核糖体蛋白L7, L18a,L29高度同源。 根据黄鳝RP蛋白序列和其他物种的相应同源序列构建ML系统发生树,显示核糖体蛋白基因在进化中高度保守。核糖体蛋白基因不仅可作为分子进化分析的有利工具,而且从它们的表达模式显示RP基因除具有看家基因的功能外,很有可能参与包括性腺分化等过程的发育调控。Abstract: 8 cDNA clones have been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from swamp eel testies by macroarray. DNA sequence analysis and database search showed that they encode 8 proteins which are highly homologous to 40S ribosomal proteins S4,S9,S16,S17,S20 and 60S riobosomal proteins L7, L18a,L29. Phylogenetic trees (ML) based on ribosomal protein genes from swamp eel and other organisms has been reconstructed, which showed that ribosomal protein genes were highly conserved during evolution. These results suggested that ribosomal protein genes as house keeping genes may play roles in developmental regulation such as sexual differentiation and can also be used as markers for the study of molecular evolution.     

光裸星虫(Sipunculus nudus)不同发育时期卵细胞内参基因的筛选

内参基因的选择对功能基因表达量的归一化处理尤为重要。为了筛选出光裸星虫不同发育时期卵子的最适内参基因,利用qRT-PCR测定了甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶A(PPIA)、60S核糖体蛋白L10(60S-L10)、铁蛋白(Ferritin)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)、泛素C(UBC)、真核生物翻译起始因子(eIF)、NADH脱氢酶(NDH)、28S核糖体RNA(28S)、TATA盒结合蛋白(TBP)、18S核糖体RNA(18S)和琥珀酸脱氢酶A亚基(SDHA)共12个候选内参基因的表达水平,并通过4个程序(geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper以及RefFinder)综合分析了各基因的表达稳定性。结果显示:(1)12个候选内参基因均能获得特异性扩增产物,但表达情况各异;(2)对候选内参基因进行综合打分,得到候选内参基因稳定性排名为18S>GAPDH>28S>β-actin>UBC>e IF>NDH|TBP>PPIA|Ferritin>60S-L10>SDHA。18S和GAPDH稳定性较好,可作为不同发育时期卵细胞基因表达研究的单内参基因,或最优组合内参基因。     

正常615小鼠中期染色体核仁组织者银染观察

用银染方法(或称Ag-AS技术)对中期染色体的核仁组织者(NOR)进行特异性染色,能够显示18S和28S核糖体基因(rDNA)的活动。肿瘤细胞的rRNA具有较高速率的蛋白质合成能力。而被银染的酸性蛋白质在核仁的大小和组成上可能起重要作用。癌患者的核仁比正常成年人的核仁大。某些白血病患者的核仁有明显的变化。我们用改     

核糖体蛋白质的翻译特异性——遗传密码翻译装置对信使RNA的选择性

分子遗传学泰斗J.D.Watson于1957年首先对核糖体进行系统的研究。其后经许多科学家的共同努力,核糖体的结构已经基本研究清楚。然而对核糖体蛋白质的确切功能,却仍然一无所知。1979年以来,本实验室主要从事分离核糖体蛋白质突变体,研究核糖体蛋白质突变对基因表达的影响。发现在S12突变体中,碱性蛋白酶活性下降,而中性蛋白酶活性正常。到目前为止,我们分离鉴定了的枯草杆菌核糖体蛋白质突变体总数居世界首位。我们研究了核糖体蛋白质突变对噬菌体基因组表达的影响。发现在S12的依赖链霉素突变体中,噬菌体(?)105裂解量下降;蛋白质合成受阻;而RNA和DNA合成正常。测定了噬菌体(?)29在27种共44株核糖体蛋白质突变体中的成斑率。在多数突变体中,成斑率下降,最低达10~(-6);少数升高,最高达三倍;还有一些升降都不明显。大肠杆菌C600的S12发生依赖链霉素突变,λ噬菌体的成斑率和相对产量大大降低,而T4和T7的成斑率正常。大肠杆菌1.1485(λcI857)的S12发生依赖链霉素突变,λcI857的诱导释放量大大降低,而T4的成斑率反有所增加。在大肠杆菌A19野生型菌株中,λ噬菌体的N基因表达正常;核糖体蛋白质S10,S16,S19,S20和L3发生突变,能抑制N基因表达;L21 L25,L24突变,N基因不能表达;L27突变,促进N基因表达;S8,L6,L7/L12,L     

核糖体蛋白质在翻译层次上调节λN基因表达的机理

报道大肠杆菌核糖体蛋白质S1 2或L2 4突变体均可以在翻译层次上抑制λN基因表达 .为研究其机理 ,用DNA外切酶Ⅲ(DNAExoⅢ)对λN lacZ融合基因上的λN基因部分进行了 5′→ 3′的缺失 ,以期改变λN基因的TIR(Translationalinitiationregion)或编码区 .经DNA序列分析共得到 2 3种缺失的λN lacZ融合基因 .比较它们在野生型菌株与核糖体蛋白质突变体内的β 半乳糖苷酶活性的结果表明 :( 1 )核糖体蛋白质S1 2突变体可以影响 30S小亚基同λN基因的TIR识别与结合 ,从而不利于 30S起始复合物形成 ,降低了翻译起始效率 ;( 2 )λN基因的编码区也是造成它在S1 2突变体内表达下降的原因 ;( 3)核糖体蛋白质L2 4突变体抑制λN基因表达的原因与翻译起始和λN基因 5′端的编码区无关 ,而可能与其 3′端结构基因有关     

蓖麻蚕核糖体核糖核酸基因上18S、28S和5.8S核糖体核糖核酸基因的定位

蓖麻蚕的核糖体核糖核酸(rRNA)的基因(rDNA)是多拷贝基因,其重复单位成线性方向排列。在每一重复单位中含有18S、28S和5.8S rRNA基因各一个。了解它们的排列状况是认识rDNA结构的基础。本文将无性繁殖的该rDNA用各种限制性内切酶水解后,制成Southern转移膜与放射性同位素标记的18S、28S和5.8S rRNA杂交;又将18S和28S rRNA制成Northern转移膜与放射性同位素标记的rDNA片段杂交,从而排出18S、28S和5.8S rRNA基因在rDNA上面的相对位置。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.