靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA对宫颈癌CaSki细胞的抑制作用

以RNA干扰技术为手段,HPV编码的癌蛋白E6为靶标．探讨靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA对宫颈癌细胞生物学行为的影响,并试图阐明该实验的临床意义．构建靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA表达载体,应用体外转染试剂转染HPV16-E6阳性的宫颈癌CaSki细胞．以RT—PCR检测CaSki细胞中E6蛋白的mRNA的表达．借助细胞色素c测定来分析细胞凋亡相关分子的表达和活性．从而研究靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA诱导细胞凋亡的分子机制．RT．PCR检测结果表明,将靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA的表达载体瞬时转染到HPV16-E6阳性的CaSki细胞后,其所舍E6蛋白质和mRNA的表达下调;Westernblotting栓出抑凋亡蛋白Bcl．2的表达亦告下调;细胞色素C释放实验结果显示,HPV16-E6siRNA能够诱导细胞色素c从线粒体释放到细胞浆中。从而诱导细胞凋亡．靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA能够有效抑制细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡．靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA为研究重要致瘤蛋白HPV16-E的功能开辟了新途径,给HPV16-E6阳性肿瘤的靶向基因治疗提供新的实验依据．并探索了HPV感染及宫颈癌的新基因疗法．     

siRNA沉默HPV18-E7基因表达对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡和增殖的影响

研究小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默18型人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus 18,HPV18)E7基因对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞株,构建靶向E7基因的两条siRNA,转染HeLa细胞株(实验组:分为siE7-1组和siE7-2组),以不做任何处理的HeLa细胞作为空白对照组(NC),转染无功能siRNA的HeLa细胞作为阴性对照组(Scramble,SCR)。转染48h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测转染E7siRNA后HeLa细胞mRNA含量变化;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测E7蛋白表达量变化;流式细胞术Flow cytometry(FCM)检测HeLa细胞凋亡情况;克隆形成和CCK-8检测HeLa细胞生长增殖情况。与NC组相比,siE7-1组和siE7-2组E7基因mRNA表达明显下调,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);转染48h后,与NC组相比,siE7-1和siE7-2实验组HeLa细胞内HPV18-E7蛋白表达水平明显下降(P0.05);转染48h后,siE7-1组和siE7-2组的细胞凋亡率分别为17.78%和36.44%,与NC组相比明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),细胞凋亡结果提示siRNA沉默E7促进HeLa细胞凋亡;CCK-8实验结果显示siE7-1组和siE7-2组细胞生长增殖抑制,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);克隆形成实验结果与CCK-8实验结果一致,siE7-1组和siE7-2组HeLa细胞形成的克隆数明显少于NC组,细胞生长增殖抑制(P0.01)。研究结果表明,沉默E7基因促进人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡,抑制增殖,为宫颈癌治疗提供潜在靶点。     

HPV18-E6基因SiRNA对喉癌细胞的生长抑制作用

目的：探讨小分子干扰RNA（SiRNA）对喉癌细胞系Hep-2细胞中人乳头状瘤病毒HPV18型E6基因mRNA表达的干扰作用。方法：用Ambion公司pSilencer4,1CMV构建针对HPV18-E6基因的SiRNA真核表达载体,以携带HPV18-E6基因的人喉癌Hep-2细胞系为靶细胞,通过阳离子脂质体法转染SiRNA表达载体。RT-PCR分析转染后细胞HPV18-E6基因表达：Westernblot试验观察干涉后HPV18-E6蛋白的表达;流式细胞仪分析细胞增殖周期的改变。结果：成功构建了人HPV18-E6基因的RNA干涉真核表达载体psil-svvE6,并在Hep-2细胞中有效地发挥了对HPV18-E6基因表达的干涉作用。细胞周期阻滞于G0／G1期,并诱导细胞凋亡。结论：HPV18-E6基因在喉癌细胞Hep-2生长中可能起到非常重要的作用,有望成为逆转喉癌细胞永生化的靶点。     

人乳头瘤病毒l6型E6-E7融合蛋白真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的构建人乳头瘤病毒l6型(HPV16)E6-E7融合蛋白真核表达载体,为研究其基因疫苗免疫活性奠定实验基础。方法 PCR扩增HPV16 E6-E7基因片段,将其连接到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+),构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)/HPV16 E6-E7,双酶切及测序鉴定。将质粒转染HeLa细胞,RT-PCR鉴定E6-E7基因在HeLa细胞中的表达。提取质粒免疫小鼠,利用免疫组化方法检测在其肌肉组织中的表达。结果成功构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)/HPV16 E6-E7;在转染pcDNA3.1(+)/HPV16 E6-E7的细胞中检测到HPV16 E6-E7基因。在免疫该质粒的小鼠肌肉组织中可以检测到该质粒的蛋白表达。结论成功的构建的了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)/HPV16 E6-E7,该载体能在HeLa细胞内以及小鼠骨骼肌细胞内有效表达。     

siRNA沉默SIRT1基因对宫颈癌细胞HeLa增殖和凋亡的影响

化学合成靶向SIRT1基因的小干扰RNA,脂质体法转染人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa,观察小干扰RNA沉默SIRT1基因对HeLa增殖及细胞凋亡的影响。在优化siRNA SIRT1转染条件的基础上,应用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测各组SIRT1 mRNA、SIRT1蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白的表达;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率;Hoechst荧光染色法和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果表明,siRNA SIRT1转染细胞组SIRT1 mRNA水平和蛋白表达量明显低于对照组;siRNA SIRT1转染组细胞增殖受抑制,细胞凋亡率明显增加;凋亡相关蛋白P53、P21表达上调,Survivin表达下调。上述结果表明:siRNA SIRT1诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡与P53、P21、Survivin通路关系密切,但siRNA SIRT1诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的详尽机制有待进一步研究。     

HPV-siRNA 对Hela细胞生长抑制作用的实验研究

以HPV18 E6基因为靶位,研究siRNA对宫颈癌Hela细胞生长的抑制作用。设计并合成siRNA,脂质体siNEO FX转染Hela细胞,分别用MTT法,双层软琼脂克隆形成试验和流式细胞术分析了siRNA对Hela细胞体外生长增殖活力、细胞周期分布的作用。siRNA作用后的Hela细胞增殖速度减慢,软琼脂克隆形成率降低,G0/G1期细胞比率增加。HPV18 E6 siRNA能抑制Hela细胞体外生长增殖能力并诱导细胞周期重新分布。     

HPV16 E6对HeLa细胞中Rap1GAP蛋白水平下调的研究

目的探讨HPV16E6对细胞中Rap1GAP蛋白水平的影响,为阐明宫颈癌发生发展的分子机制提供实验依据。本研究组前期实验显示,宫颈癌石蜡切片组织中Rap1GAP蛋白水平下降,且与高危型HPV16/18感染相关。本文将进一步探讨HPV16 E6是否导致Rap1GAP蛋白下调的原因。方法通过将HPV16 E6基因插入pGEX-KG的BamHI和Hind Ⅲ酶切位点构建GST标记的HPVE6质粒,采用脂质体转染法将其转染入HeLa细胞中,Westernblot方法观察GST-tagged-HPV16 E6在HeLa细胞中的表达,并观察其对HeLa细胞中内源性Rap1GAP蛋白水平的影响。结果测序表明成功构建GST标记的HPV16E6质粒;Western blot检测表明HPV16E6在HeLa细胞中成功表达;并且发现HeLa细胞中过表达HPV16 E6后,Rap1GAP蛋白相对含量(0.602±0.205)明显低于未转染组(1.130±0.163),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论HPV16 E6下调Rap1GAP蛋白水平。     

HPV16 E6蛋白在宫颈癌中的作用研究进展

高危型人乳头状瘤病毒16型(HPV16)与50%以上的宫颈癌密切相关,其E6癌蛋白作为病毒生命周期的主要蛋白之一,在诱导肿瘤发生与发展进程中起重要作用,且与病毒复制、宿主细胞周期调控、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖、细胞恶性表型转化有关。E6蛋白主要作用包括:通过结合E6相关蛋白降解P53抑制细胞凋亡;增强端粒酶活性使宿主细胞永生化;与Daxx启动子区结合,抑制启动子转录活性,降低Daxx蛋白表达,阻遏细胞凋亡;与多种细胞因子相互作用后,经多种途径改变细胞微环境,使之有利于肿瘤细胞逃避宿主固有免疫应答。因此,在宫颈癌的发生和发展中,HPV16 E6蛋白通过多种作用机制发挥重要作用。     

天花粉蛋白对宫颈癌HeLa细胞TSLC1基因甲基化及其表达的影响

目的：检测人宫颈癌HeLa细胞中TSLC1基因甲基化的状况,研究在人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡过程中TSLC1基因甲基化的变化情况,探讨肿瘤细胞凋亡与抑癌基因甲基化的相关性,并进一步证实天花粉蛋白（TCS）去甲基化作用是否存在普遍性,以促进天花粉蛋白的临床应用。方法：应用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）法检测人宫颈癌HeLa细胞及其凋亡过程中TSLC1基因甲基化的状况;采用实时定量RT-PCR技术检测TCS处理前、后HeLa细胞TSLC1基因表达的变化。结果：肿瘤抑制基因TSLC1在人宫颈癌HeLa细胞中呈高度甲基化状态,经40μg／mL TCS处理48h后,TSLC1基因甲基化程度明显降低;RT-PCR检测结果显示,TCS处理组HeLa细胞中TSLC1 mRNA的表达量高于未处理组,提示TSLC1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化是导致其低表达的重要机制。结论：肿瘤抑制基因TSLC1启动子甲基化在人宫颈癌癌变过程中可能是一种重要的分子调控机制;人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡与抑癌基因的去甲基化之间可能存在某些密切的相关性;TCS对肿瘤抑制基因TSLC1有一定的去甲基化作用。     

siRNA介导的NFBD1表达沉默对HeLa细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

NFBD1,也称MDC1,是1个参与细胞内DNA损伤后细胞应答反应的重要分子．为探讨NFBD1在细胞增殖和凋亡中的作用及其作为分子靶点用于肿瘤治疗的潜在价值,本研究采用siRNA技术抑制NFBD1的表达,并观察了其对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa细胞增殖和细胞凋亡的影响．半定量RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹分析结果表明,筛选到的短链NFBD1 siRNA能有效抑制内源NFBD1的表达,抑制程度约100％．细胞生长曲线分析结果表明,siRNA介导的NFBD1表达沉默导致HeLa细胞生长增殖的显著抑制．FACS分析结果表明,NFBD1表达抑制导致sub-G₁峰的出现,同时蛋白质印迹分析观察到了caspase 3和PARP（poly-ADP-ribose polymerase）的剪接激活,表明NFBD1表达抑制诱发了细胞凋亡．在该凋亡过程中,P-53及其下游靶分子Bax和Puma的表达水平均没有发生明显变化,但Noxa的表达在mRNA和蛋白质水平上均显著上调,强烈提示该凋亡过程很可能是1个不依赖P53的凋亡途径,且Noxa的转录激活在该凋亡过程中可能起着重要作用．这些结果表明,NFBD1参与细胞生长增殖和凋亡的调节,是一个潜在的肿瘤治疗新靶点．     

Inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell line proliferation by the introduction of a bovine papillomavirus regulatory gene.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes are expressed in the great majority of human cervical carcinomas, whereas the viral E2 regulatory gene is usually disrupted in these cancers. To investigate the roles of the papillomavirus E2 genes in the development and maintenance of cervical carcinoma, the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) E2 gene was acutely introduced into cervical carcinoma cell lines by infection with high-titer stocks of simian virus 40-based recombinant viruses. Expression of the BPV E2 protein in HeLa, C-4I, and MS751 cells results in specific inhibition of the expression of the resident HPV type 18 (HPV18) E6 and E7 genes and in inhibition of cell growth. HeLa cells, in which HPV gene expression is nearly completely abolished, undergo a dramatic and rapid inhibition of proliferation, which appears to be largely a consequence of a block in progression from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Loss of HPV18 gene expression in HeLa cells is also accompanied by a marked increase in the level of the cellular p53 tumor suppressor protein, apparently as a consequence of abrogation of HPV18 E6-mediated destabilization of p53. The proliferation of HT-3 cells, a human cervical carcinoma cell line devoid of detectable HPV DNA, is also inhibited by E2 expression, whereas two other epithelial cell lines that do not contain HPV DNA are not inhibited. Thus, a number of cervical carcinoma cell lines are remarkably sensitive to growth inhibition by the E2 protein. Although BPV E2-mediated inhibition of HPV18 E6 and E7 expression may contribute to growth inhibition in some of the cervical carcinoma cell lines, the BPV E2 protein also appears to exert a growth-inhibitory effect that is independent of its effects on HPV gene expression.     

Suppression in vivo of human papillomavirus type 18 E6-E7 gene expression in nontumorigenic HeLa X fibroblast hybrid cells.

The E6 and E7 genes of the cancer-associated human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 (HPV16) and 18 (HPV18) can induce cell immortalization in vitro in normal human keratinocytes. This, however, is not associated with tumorigenicity in vivo. On the other hand, tumorigenicity of HPV18-positive HeLa cervical carcinoma cells can be suppressed by fusion of HeLa cells with normal human keratinocytes or fibroblasts. We have addressed the question of whether suppression of tumorigenicity in HeLa x fibroblast hybrid cells might be due to a reduced ability of these cells to express the HPV18 E6-E7 genes in vivo. Nontumorigenic hybrid cells and tumorigenic hybrid segregants were transplanted as organotypical cultures or injected subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice and were analyzed for HPV18 E6-E7 gene expression by RNA-RNA in situ hybridization. The tumorigenic hybrid cells showed a continuous and invasive growth that was associated with high levels of HPV18 E6-E7 mRNAs at all time points examined. In contrast, the nontumorigenic hybrid cells stopped cell proliferation approximately 3 days after transplantation. At this time they expressed the E6-E7 genes at low levels, whereas at day 2 high expression levels were observed. However, the mRNA levels of the cytoskeletal genes beta-actin and vimentin remained high for at least 14 days, demonstrating that inhibition of growth and of HPV18 E6-E7 gene expression was not due to cell death. These results suggest that growth inhibition of the nontumorigenic HeLa x fibroblast hybrid cells in vivo might be caused by suppression of HPV18 E6-E7 gene expression and are compatible with the idea of an intracellular surveillance mechanism for HPV gene expression existing in nontumorigenic cells.     

UHRF1 epigenetically down-regulates UbcH8 to inhibit apoptosis in cervical cancer cells

UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1) is an important epigenetic regulator that plays a part in DNA methylation, protein methylation and ubiquitination. It is also frequently overexpressed in many types of cancers, including cervical cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). In this study, we showed that UHRF1 was up-regulated in HPV oncogene E7 expressing cells and HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. We demonstrated that UHRF1 down-regulated the expression of UBE2L6 gene that encodes the ISG15-conjugating enzyme UbcH8. Overexpression of UHRF1 reduced UBE2L6 while knockdown UHRF1 elevated the expression of UBE2L6. We showed that UHRF1 regulated UBE2L6 gene by promoter hypermethylation in cervical cancer cells. Consistent with the functions of UHRF1, restored expression of UbcH8 induced apoptosis. These findings establish UBE2L6 as a novel target of UHRF1 that regulates the apoptosis function of UHRF1. Our studies suggest that UHRF1/ UbcH8 can be manipulated for therapy in cervical cancer.     

LINC01101 and LINC00277 expression levels as novel factors in HPV‐induced cervical neoplasia

Recently long non‐coding RNAs were identified as new factors involved in gene expression regulation. To gain insight into expression pattern of these factors related to E7 HPV18 oncogene, this study uses HeLa cell culture transfected with E7‐siRNA. Gene expression profile was investigated using microarray analysis. After analysing the microarray results, we identified 15,387 RNA species differentially expressed in E7‐siRNA‐transfected cells compared with controls (fold change >2). The expression profiles of lncRNA species highlighted 731 lncRNAs and 203 lincRNAs. We selected two lincRNAs (LINC01101 and LINC00277) and we evaluated the expression profile in HPV‐induced neoplasia. Both lincRNAs investigated display a significantly reduced pattern of expression in cervical lesions and cancer, associated with clinical parameters. A connection between HPV presence and lincRNAs was noted. hrHPV‐positive samples exhibit significantly reduced LINC01101 and LINC00277 expression level (P < 0.05). These results provide new insights into involvement of lncRNA in HPV‐induced cervical cancer, enriching our understanding of their potential role in this pathology.