Caski细胞内Daxx与HPV16 E2蛋白的结合作用

目的研究人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)E2蛋白在Caski细胞内与Daxx的相互作用,探讨它们在HPV16所致宫颈癌发生发展中的作用。方法利用间接免疫荧光染色技术观察HPV16 E2和Daxx在Caski细胞中的分布或共定位;通过免疫共沉淀试验和免疫印迹分析HPV16 E2与Daxx在Caski细胞内的相互作用。结果在Caski细胞内,Daxx和HPV16 E2主要分布于胞浆,少数分布于胞核,且两种信号在细胞浆内有一定的共存;抗E2抗体能沉淀Daxx,反之抗Daxx抗体同样能够沉淀HPV16 E2。结论 HPV16 E2与Daxx在Caski细胞存在直接的相互作用。     

高危型人乳头瘤病 E2蛋白功能研究进展

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)是诱发宫颈癌,肛门癌,外阴癌及部分头颈癌等多种肿瘤的主要原因。在病毒生命周期过程中,HPV E2蛋白通过与病毒自身及宿主基因组DNA及蛋白相作用,在病毒基因转录调控、病毒DNA的复制和维持中起到关键作用,其还对宿主细胞转录、RNA加工、凋亡、泛素化及胞内转运等多种活动产生影响,为病毒增殖创造有利的宿主细胞环境,并在HPV致病过程中发挥重要作用。为了解E2蛋白的各种功能及其与病毒和宿主DNA和蛋白作用情况、HPV病毒生活史、HPV病毒致病和致癌机制的研究均有着重要的意义。细致描述E2蛋白的功能可以帮助我们寻找病毒相关疾病治疗的新方法。本文以HPV16为重点,对高危型HPV E2蛋白结构、功能和活性相关研究的进展进行了综述。     

人乳头瘤病毒致癌蛋白E6的结构与功能研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)是一类无包膜的小DNA病毒,主要感染人皮肤上皮细胞和黏膜,持续感染HPV会引起良性和恶性肿瘤,如尖锐湿疣和宫颈癌等多种疾病。HPV早期蛋白E6是引起宿主细胞发生恶性转化的关键致癌蛋白,其参与调节宿主细胞内多个关键的生理生化过程,如促使抑癌蛋白p53的降解、激活端粒酶和降解细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bak(Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer)等,进而干扰宿主细胞的生长因子依赖性、细胞凋亡、细胞转录、DNA损伤反应、细胞周期和宿主细胞分化等一系列生命活动。因此,分析阐述HPV致癌蛋白E6的结构与功能,有助于阐明HPV诱发宫颈癌等恶性肿瘤的分子机理,为今后设计治疗性HPV疫苗奠定理论基础。本文就HPV致癌蛋白E6的结构及其生物学功能进行综述。     

人乳头瘤病毒16E5突变与宫颈癌的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒(Humanpapillomavirus)HPV是发生宫颈癌的必要条件,人乳头瘤病毒16E5癌基因突变与宫颈癌的发生有密切的相关性。人乳头瘤病毒E5是一种转化作用的癌蛋白,是细胞膜或内膜整合蛋白。人乳头瘤病毒E5在感染的细胞中表达。主要在感染细胞克隆早期的繁殖,扩张中起重要作用。它干预生长因子受体,干扰周期蛋白和周期蛋白激酶,促进病毒癌基因转化,抑制抑癌基因表达,激活启动子促进病毒繁殖,并通过多种机制促使损伤细胞,通过细胞周期,使宿主细胞增殖,分化延缓,恶性化。E5基因变异意味着功能有可能改变,可能机体或细胞对病毒变异株的免疫能力,与宫颈癌的发生和HPV的嗜上皮性有关,因此对人乳头瘤病毒16E5基因变异的研究对于人乳头瘤病毒16在宫颈癌发病中的作用有着不可忽略的意义。本文对人乳头瘤病毒16E5突变株在宫颈癌组织中的作用及其基因突变的研究现状进行分析。     

HPV及HLA与宫颈癌关系研究进展

宫颈癌是女性常见恶性肿瘤之一,HPV几乎是所有的宫颈鳞癌(95-100%)的致病因素.大量研究表明高危型HPV如HPV16、18的致癌性较低危型明显增高,E6、E7原癌蛋白分别与细胞内肿瘤抑制物p53和pRb结合使其失活是高危型HPV致癌的重要机制.肿瘤细胞往往是通过多种途径逃避免疫系统对他的识别及破坏,细胞表面HLAI类分子的表达尤为重要,这使得肿瘤细胞避免了细胞毒性T淋巴细胞对其的识别及溶解.HPIV病毒E6,E7,Li基因突变的研究表明特定位点的突变会使病毒更易诱导产生癌变及增大再次感染或从宿主免疫系统逃逸的机会;近年研究提出,宿主自身免疫遗传背景不仅参与病毒感染,而且参与肿瘤免疫,并在介导免疫识别、免疫应答、自然杀伤细胞自然杀伤作用和免疫调节力等方面发挥关键作用.深入探讨HPV病毒感染与人白细胞抗原(HLA)基因多态性的易感性、宫颈癌类型与人白细胞抗原(HLA)及其配体杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)易感性成为医学多学科共同研究的热点.现对HPV及HLA在宫颈癌发生中的免疫机制的研究进展给予综述.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E5蛋白功能研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)E5蛋白具有多种生物学活性,主要通过与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)等细胞膜表面蛋白相互作用,导致信号转导、细胞转化与细胞融合等,在肿瘤形成的早期起重要作用。HPV16 E5蛋白作为肿瘤抗原,可作为候选疫苗,以预防和治疗由HPV16诱发的宫颈癌等恶性肿瘤。     

HPV16/18 E6蛋白与小分子抑制剂RITA和姜黄素的结合模式研究

持续感染高危型人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus, HPV)会导致宫颈上皮细胞的细胞周期发生变化和免疫逃逸,最终导致宫颈癌。高危型HPV病毒的E6蛋白对抑癌蛋白p53的泛素化降解可被小分子化合物RITA (reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis)和姜黄素抑制,使HPV阳性细胞被抑制的凋亡功能得以恢复,但这一现象的分子机制尚未得到阐释。本文选择HPV16和HPV18两种高危亚型,采用同源建模、分子对接和分子动力学模拟等方法,对其E6蛋白与RITA和姜黄素的结合模式进行研究。结果显示,在HPV16/18 E6蛋白41～49残基形成的疏水沟槽, RITA和姜黄素具有一致的构象和相似的结合模式,组成疏水沟槽的苯丙氨酸残基和小分子抑制剂的芳环通过疏水作用和π-π相互作用在维持复合物构象中起重要作用。这一结果表明高危型HPV E6蛋白具有作为药物靶点的可行性,为宫颈癌特异性小分子治疗药物的研究和设计提供了理论指导。     

人乳头瘤病毒E6蛋白致病作用的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)可致多种临床疾病.高危型HPV的E6蛋白能与p53蛋白形成复合物,并使之发生快速的蛋白酶介导的降解作用,从而破坏p53蛋白抑制细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的活性.此外,E6蛋白还与其他多种细胞功能蛋白相互作用,同样对HPV的致病性至关重要.     

HPV16 E6通过阻碍ING4对p53作用而抑制细胞凋亡的实验研究

通过HPV16 E6干扰ING4对p53作用的实验研究,探讨HPV16 E6新的致癌机制。采用转染及免疫共沉淀实验证明HPV16 E6阻碍ING4和p53结合及其诱导的p53蛋白乙酰化的作用;将表达p53、ING4和p53报告基因与HPV16 E6或其突变体的质粒共转染p53蛋白阴性的SaoS2细胞系,荧光素酶报告基因检测HPV16 E6抑制ING4对p53基因在转录水平的影响;并采用细胞集落形成实验检测HPV16 E6对ING4所诱导p53途径所致细胞凋亡的抑制。HPV16 E6阻碍ING4和p53结合及其诱导的p53蛋白Lys-382的乙酰化;HPV16 E6减弱ING4在转录水平对p53基因的调控,HPV16 E6抑制ING4诱导的p53途径介导的细胞凋亡,且所有这些作用不依赖p53蛋白的降解。HPV16 E6阻碍ING4对p53的作用而抑制细胞凋亡可能是其引起癌变的途径之一。     

HPV16 E6通过阻碍ING4对p53作用而抑制细胞凋亡的研究

通过HPV16 E6干扰ING4对p53作用的实验研究,探讨HPV16 E6新的致癌机制。采用转染及免疫共沉淀实验证明HPV16 E6阻碍ING4和p53结合及其诱导的p53蛋白乙酰化的作用;将表达p53、ING4和p53报告基因与HPV16 E6或其突变体的质粒共转染p53蛋白阴性的SaoS2细胞系,荧光素酶报告基因检测HPV16 E6抑制ING4对p53基因在转录水平的影响;并采用细胞集落形成实验检测HPV16 E6对ING4所诱导p53途径所致细胞凋亡的抑制。HPV16 E6阻碍ING4和p53结合及其诱导的p53蛋白Lys-382的乙酰化;HPV16 E6减弱ING4在转录水平对p53基因的调控,HPV16 E6抑制ING4诱导的p53途径介导的细胞凋亡,且所有这些作用不依赖p53蛋白的降解。HPV16 E6阻碍ING4对p53的作用而抑制细胞凋亡可能是其引起癌变的途径之一。     

音乐治疗效应的动物实验研究

近年来国内外关于音乐治疗效应的动物实验研究认为：音乐能影响动物的情绪;音乐还对动物的免疫功能、学习及记忆能力、以及动物的神经系统结构和功能等均有一定影响。该领域的研究有利于深入探索音乐疗法的作用机理。     

Time on task effects on safety

Reviewing the literature on time on task effects on safety shows contradictory evidence, especially with regard to 12 h shifts. It is argued that this might depend on methodological problems associated with the analysis of accident data, e.g. selectivity of samples, validity of data bases and study designs, especially for analyses at the company level. Analyses of aggregated data seem to indicate an exponential increase of accident risk with time on task beyond the normal working day. This is supported by some recent studies based on data from the Federal Republic of Germany.     

Perspectives on hair evolution based on some comparative studies on vertebrate cornification

Hair evolution contributed to the biological success of mammals. Hair origin from synapsid scales is speculative and requires extensive modifications of the morphogenetic process transforming lens-shaped dermis of scales into small dermal papillae in hair. Hair evolution from glands is hypothetical but is supported from studies on the signaling control of hair vs. glandular morphogenesis. Based on immunocytochemical and comparative studies, it is hypothesized that the onion-like organization of hair derived from glandular pegs which central part produced lipids and some keratin. In a following stage, involucrin, trichohyalin, and keratins were produced in the central cells of the gland and formed a solid medulla surrounded by keratinocytes of the inner root sheath. The origin of this protohair was possibly related to increased concentration of beta-catenin and other signaling molecules in epithelial cells following the evolution of a dermal papilla. The latter activated the keratogenic genes, already utilized in cells of the claws, in concentric layers of cells of the glandular peg. Lipidogenic genes were depressed. As new genes evolved in the genome of synapsids, new circular layers of keratinocytes containing specialized hard keratins and keratin-associated proteins were formed around medullary cells. The new keratinocytes probably originated the cortex separating medulla from the external cells that became the inner root sheath. The hypothesis indicates that in a following stage, the medulla was obliterated or replaced by cortical cells while the external part of the cortex formed a cuticular surface due to the different growth rate with inner root sheath cells.     

Studies on Biosynthesis on Biotin by Microorganisms

The accumulation of biotin-vitamers in the culture media of a large number of microorganisms (about 700 strains) was studied. The contents of the biotin-vitamers were quantitatively determined by microbiological assays with Lactobacillus arabinosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

It was found that large amounts of biotin-vitamers were accumulated by various microorganisms such as Streptomyces, molds and bacteria, and that the yield of biotin-vitamers was enhanced by the addition of pimelic acid or azelaic acid to the media. It was also found that the main portion of the vitamers accumulated by many microorganisms did not support the growth of Lactobacillus arabinosus, while it did support that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The small amounts of true biotin were observed in the culture media of various Streptomyces and molds, but hardly in the culture media of bacteria.

The identification of biotin-vitamers accumulated by various microorganisms is described, and the distribution of the vitamers in microorganisms is also described.

The results presented in this paper show that the main component of the vitamers accumulated by many microorganisms is identified as desthiobiotin by anion exchange column chromatography, paper chromatography and chemical analysis. Small amounts of fraction B (unidentified vitamers) and Fraction D (biotin) were also detected in the culture media of various molds and Streptomyces. However, these fractions were not observed in the culture media of any bacteria tested.

It was also found that large amounts of an unknown biotin-vitamer was accumulated by various bacteria. The vitamer was avidin-uncombinable, and, from the paper electrophoretic studies, it was assumed that the vitamer might be an analogue of pelargonic acid.