利用Red/ET同源重组构建新型CCR5Δ32打靶载体

目的:目前应用TALENs或CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术修饰CCR5基因以获得抗HIV功能的研究策略基本是破坏CCR5基因而不是制造CCR5Δ32这样天然存在的抗HIV基因型。为此,我们尝试通过细菌内同源重组技术构建一个新颖的CCR5Δ32的打靶载体,以便能够用于制备CCR5Δ32基因突变细胞系。方法:首先利用Red/ET同源重组系统将rpsl-neo片段插入细菌人工染色体(BAC)的CCR5基因中,随后再次利用同源重组将一个不含32 bp区域的非选择性52 bp片段替换该rpsl-neo片段,从而将BAC中的CCR5基因改造成CCR5Δ32基因型,最后将loxp-neo-loxp抗性基因插入CCR5基因的第2内含子区域,制备出含有抗性基因的CCR5Δ32打靶载体,该载体可在Cre酶作用下删除neo基因但只留下一个loxp在基因的内含子区。结果:rpsl-neo片段成功插入CCR5之Δ32区并为非选择性52 bp片段替换,loxp-neo-loxp成功插入内含子区。结论:通过Red/ET同源重组技术获得CCR5Δ32-loxp-neo-loxp打靶载体。     

Red/ET重组在基因打靶载体快速构建中的应用

通过合理应用Red/ET重组技术实现基因打靶载体的快速构建。在Red/ET重组介导下,首先从基因组DNA中将靶基因片段亚克隆至打靶质粒载体中,随后将两端带有50 bp同源臂的抗性筛选基因插入并替换靶基因上的目标序列,如此两步操作即可完成一个传统型基因敲除打靶载体的构建;结合Cre-loxP系统,在传统型基因敲除打靶载体的基础上,经过再一轮的Red/ET重组就能够成功实现条件性基因敲除打靶载体的构建。整个实验过程不需要PCR扩增长、短臂序列,也不涉及酶切、连接反应,因此,不仅省时、省力,而且所构建的基因打靶载体序列准确,无突变。此实验方法的建立为加速后基因组时代的基因功能研究提供了一条捷径。     

利用Red系统快速改构含鼠β-酪蛋白基因的细菌人工染色体

采用Red系统介导的同源重组方法对含有鼠β-酪蛋白基因的RPCI23-440C1BAC进行快速改构。首先通过PCR方法,获得两端带有鼠β-酪蛋白基因同源序列的tPAm-Zeo同源重组片段,然后将此同源重组片段电击转化至已含有编码Red重组酶质粒的RPCI23-440C1BAC菌中,在λRed重组系统的帮助下,通过同源重组片段两端与RPCI23-440C1中β-酪蛋白同源的序列在菌体内与β-酪蛋白基因发生同源重组,将其置换。最后利用Zeocin抗性基因两侧的FRT位点,通过FLP位点专一性重组将抗性基因剔除。经Southern blot和序列分析鉴定表明,获得了重组正确且无编码两种重组酶质粒的tPAm-RPCI23-440C1BAC克隆。     

利用Rde/ET技术构建表达H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的重组火鸡疱疹病毒

【目的】本研究以火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT） BAC分子克隆为平台,构建表达禽流感HA基因的重组火鸡疱疹病毒,以开发新型病毒活载体疫苗。【方法】利用Red/ET重组技术,经过两步法重组：第一步,用两端带有50 bp大小左、右同源臂a和b的选择标记基因rpsL-neo表达盒替换HVT基因组US2区;第二步,用两端带有同样的50 bp左、右同源臂a和b的HA基因表达盒替换选择标记基因rpsL-neo表达盒。在含有氯霉素和链霉素双抗性的平板上筛选阳性克隆,经卡那霉素抗性反向筛选和PCR进一步鉴定,鉴定正确的克隆命名为pHVT-HA。提取并纯化pHVT-HA DNA,转染原代鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）,以完成重组病毒的拯救。【结果】命名为pHVT-HA3的BAC克隆转染CEF后第4天,出现病毒噬斑,噬斑形态与野生型HVT相似,获得拯救的重组病毒,命名为rHVT-HA3,将重组病毒rHVT-HA3在CEF上连续传代培养,经PCR和间接免疫荧光检测表明,重组病毒在连续传代过程中仍能稳定表达HA蛋白。【结论】本研究以HVT BAC为平台,利用Red/ET重组技术,构建了表达禽流感A/Goose/Guangdong/3/96(H5N1) 毒株的血凝素（HA）基因的重组火鸡疱疹病毒,为新型禽流感重组活载体疫苗开发奠定基础。     

黑暗链霉菌DNA同源重组系统的构建

以黑暗链霉菌Tt-49基因组为模板,利用PCR方法,扩增安普霉素生物合成关键基因aprF-G的上、下游序列,作为同源交换臂,并将红霉素抗性基因筛选标记及其启动子插入两交换臂之间,以温敏型质粒pKC1139为基础,构建用于阻断黑暗链霉菌Tt-49安普霉素生物合成的重组质粒pFD8.该质粒通过E.coil ET12567/pUZ8002去甲基化修饰后,经接舍转移进入黑暗链霉菌Tt-49,利用红霉素抗性筛选得到3株阳性转化子,分别命名为Tt-49 AG1、Tt-49 AG2和Tt-49 AG3.通过PCR鉴定,证明pFD8已插入黑暗链霉菌Tt-49基因组的目标位点.以亲株作对照,对3株工程菌进行红霉素抗性能力考察,发现3株工程菌的抗红霉素能力均高迭1 000 μg/mL以上.     

基于Red重组系统构建含Flag标签标记UL23基因的重组人巨细胞病毒

利用来源于λ噬菌体的Red系统,将Flag标签及两侧带有FRT位点的卡那霉素抗性基因片段插入原HCMV TowneBAC中UL23基因3 '末端区域,通过卡那抗性筛选带有抗性标记的重组菌株,并通过表达重组酶FLP的质粒pCP20去除卡那霉素抗性基因,得到带有Flag标签标记UL23基因和单一FRT位点的突变BAC.重组后的BAC分子同质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-pUL82共转染HFF细胞后重建重组HCMV.Western blotting检测证实所构建重组病毒能够表达含Flag标签标记的pUL23蛋白.此含有Flag标签标记UL23基因的重组HCMV的成功构建为了进一步研究人巨细胞病毒UL23基因及其产物的功能提供依据.     

新型Red重组质粒pRO38的构建及Red系统的定向进化

[目的]构建新型Red同源重组质粒,对red基因进行分子定向进化,获取高重组效率的red突变基因。[方法]采用PCR的方法扩增不同的功能片断,通过体外同源重组的方法构建Red同源重组质粒pRO38。采用双链重组的实验验证质粒的同源重组功能后,随机突变red基因,通过修复neo缺失突变的方法筛选具有高重组效率的red基因突变质粒库。[结果]构建了长为5 593 bp的pRO38质粒,pRO38质粒具备正常的重组功能,可以有效地将kan-sac B片段插入大肠杆菌染色体。对pRO38中的red基因进行随机突变后,获得了约60个成功修复了neo缺失突变的菌落,而原始的pRO38质粒则无菌落生长。[结论]构建了新型的Red同源重组质粒。通过定向进化的手段,成功获得了高重组效率的red突变基因库,为从根本上提高Red重组效率打下了基础。     

重组工程系统研究进展

大肠杆菌的同源重组依靠内源性的RecA蛋白。RecBCD降解双链线性DNA分子,因此必须构建环状质粒打靶载体才能完成体内重组,操作过程繁琐,所需同源臂长。最近建立起的依赖于Rac噬菌体的ET重组系统和基于入噬菌体的Red重组系统,可有效利用线性DNA片段作为打靶分子,对大肠杆菌染色体DNA和BAC、PAC载体中包含的真核细胞基因组DNA进行基因敲除、敲入、替换、单碱基突变及体内基因克隆等修饰。这2种系统重组效率高,用PCR方法便可合成双链线性DNA打靶分子,不需要限制酶和连接酶,操作过程简单、精确、快速、经济,大大缩短了构建打靶载体的时间,成为功能基因组研究的有力工具。     

Red/ET同源重组技术在载体构建中的应用

Red/ET同源重组技术是以原有的重组技术为基础,利用Rac噬菌体ET系统或者λ噬菌体的Red系统进行外源基因重组的重组方法。该方法使同源重组过程变得更方便快捷。本文对Red/ET同源重组技术的原理,改进和载体构建方面的应用做了综述。     

利用λRed重组系统敲除鼠伤寒沙门氏菌sopB基因

利用λRed重组系统敲除鼠伤寒沙门氏菌LT2的(Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium LT2,S.typhimurium LT2)sopB基因。以pKD4质粒为模板,扩增得到中间带有卡那霉素抗性基因且两端各带有59 bp分别与sopB基因上下游序列同源的同源打靶片段,将其转化至表达Red重组酶的S.typhimurium LT2感受态细胞中;在抗生素压力和λRed重组系统帮助下,同源片段和菌体sopB基因发生同源重组,通过卡那霉素筛选得到带有抗性标记的阳性重组菌;转入重组酶表达质粒pCP20以除去抗性标记,得到保留单一FRT位点的突变菌株;利用PCR技术鉴定重组菌,并通过检测沙门氏菌效应蛋白SopB的分泌以及沙门氏菌感染HeLa细胞后pAKT的激活反应来鉴定sopB基因是否被敲除。构建的ΔsopB突变菌株失去了分泌SopB蛋白的能力,且不能够像野生型菌株那样在感染HeLa细胞的过程中激活pAkt。本研究获得了S.typhimurium LT2的sopB基因缺失突变株,为沙门氏菌感染宿主过程中SopB的功能研究提供工具,同时也为进一步探索其他类型细菌的基因敲除提供了线索。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).