无载体固定化细胞的研究进展

以无载体固定化酵母细胞酒精连续发酵的成功工业化应用为实例,并与通常的载体固定化细胞技术比较,阐述了无载体固定化细胞技术的优缺点,系统提出了无载体固定化细胞技术的概念,进而对无载体固定化细胞技术在其它微生物发酵和动植物细胞培养过程的应用前景进行了展望。     

无载体固定化细胞的研究进展

以无载体因三化酵母细胞酒精连续发酵的成功工业化应用为实例,并与通常的载休固定化细胞技术比较,无载体固定化细胞技术的优缺点,系统提出了无载体固定化细胞技术的概念,进而对载体固定化细胞技术在其它微生物发酵和动植物细胞培养过程的应用前景进行了展望。     

光交联聚氨酯作载体的固定化细胞产生a-淀粉酶的研究

将可光交联的聚氨酯预聚物与枯草杆菌细胞悬浮液混匀后经紫外光照射交联,制得固定化细胞,用于产生a-淀粉酶。探讨了交联和固定化条件对裁体结构和固定化细胞产酶性能的影响,研究了这种固定化细胞的使用特性。结果表明:光交联聚氨酯能有效地固定枯草杆菌细胞,进行正常增殖和产酶,改变交联和固定化条件能调节载体的孔容、孔径和比表面,从而调节固定化细胞的产酶性能和其它使用特性;枯草杆菌经光交联聚氮酯载体固定化后对温度和pH的适应性提高,在同样条件下,这种固定化细胞的产酶能力比游离细胞提高约30％,亦高于用k-角叉菜胶作载体的固定化细胞．     

陶瓷载体固定化酵母发酵动力学研究

固定化细胞和固定化酶一样,作为固液两相的非均相催化反应系统,其反应速度无疑受到内外扩散的影响。世界各国的化学工程学者在固定化酶反应动力学方面研究得较多,固定化细胞反应动力学研究虽有些报道,但主要集中在以海藻酸钙为载体的固定化系统,且载体形状为球形颗粒。对于其他材料的不同形状颗粒载体的固定化细胞动力学研究报道较少。陶瓷作为固定化细胞载体是我们研究的一种固定化细胞的新型载体,在机械强度,孔径大小,细胞与之结合牢固度及其稳定活性,再生性能方面有其特有的优越性^[10]。为了给在生产实践中使用这种新型载体提供理论依据,本文采用球型陶瓷和拉西环陶瓷为载体固定化酵母,对它们的发酵动力学进行了比较研究。     

固定化米根霉生产L－乳酸的研究

开发了利用聚氨酯泡沫为载体固定化米根霉生产Ｌ－乳酸的新工艺。确定了固定化细胞发酵条件：葡萄糖浓度为５０ｇ／ｌ,载体立方体边长为４～８ｍｍ,载体量为２０ｃｍ３／７０ｍｌ培养基,固定化细胞制备培养时间为２４ｈ．利用固定化细胞发酵产酸速率是游离菌的３倍以上,对糖转化率达７７．７０％,与理论转化率相近。该固定化细胞应用在反复间歇发酵中可稳定１０批次以上。     

聚乙烯醇固定化酵母细胞制备CTP研究

以聚乙烯醇为固定化载体,固定化冷冻处理过的啤酒酵母细胞从CMP制备CTP;分别从胶的型号、浓度和固定化方法的优化等方面摸索了最适的固定化条件,固定化细胞在试验条件下连续发酵8次,转化率维持在85%～95%。同时,还对固定化细胞的稳定性进行试验研究,并用HPLC对产品进行了分离鉴定。     

PVA-卡拉胶混合载体固定化大肠杆菌-酵母菌混合体系生产谷胱甘肽

提出了ＰＶＡ－卡拉胶混合载体固定化微生物细胞的技术,确定了较好的制备工艺,并用该载体对大肠杆菌－酵母菌混合体系进行了固定化研究。结果表明：在ＰＶＡ浓度１０％,卡拉胶浓度０．５％,成型剂的ｐＨ值６．４,菌体量０．５ｇ／ｇ固定化细胞,固化时间３６ｈ的条件下,固定化细胞具有较好的机械强度和较高的酶活力。     

用κ-角叉菜胶和海藻酸钠为载体固定化葡萄糖异构酶的研究

葡萄糖异构酶由于在果葡糖浆生产中的重要性,国内外已研究了多种固定化方法。千烟一朗等利用角叉菜胶作载体,在产氨基酸菌体,产酒酵母的固定化方面取得了较好的效果。我们采用日产角叉菜胶和国产海藻酸钠作载体制备了固定化细胞葡萄糖异构酶,对两种载体的制备、特性和使用进行了研究。     

一种固定化酵母细胞的复合载体——PVA-海藻酸盐凝胶

固定化细胞这一生物技术在近20年来发展迅速,已涉及食品、发酵、化工、医疗、生化等各领域.新型载体研制是发展固定化细胞技术的一个主导因素.PVA(聚乙烯醇)是近年来用于固定化细胞的一种新载体材料,但目前制备PVA凝胶的方法通常是在PVA溶液凝固后(或加入固化剂、乳化剂等让其凝固)手工切块.为了解决PVA载体的成球问题,简化制备方法,我们进行了这方面的研究.本文报道了用PVA和海藻酸钠制备的一种固定化细胞载体新配方,比较了几种常用载体及几种PVA载体的性能及用于乙醇发酵的实验结果.     

一种固定化酵母细胞的复合载体——PVA-海藻酸盐凝胶

固定化细胞这一生物技术在近20年来发展迅速,已涉及食品、发酵、化工、医疗、生化等各领域.新型载体研制是发展固定化细胞技术的一个主导因素.PVA(聚乙烯醇)是近年来用于固定化细胞的一种新载体材料,但目前制备PVA凝胶的方法通常是在PVA溶液凝固后(或加入固化剂、乳化剂等让其凝固)手工切块.为了解决PVA载体的成球问题,简化制备方法,我们进行了这方面的研究.本文报道了用PVA和海藻酸钠制备的一种固定化细胞载体新配方,比较了几种常用载体及几种PVA载体的性能及用于乙醇发酵的实验结果.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.