环境修复成为我国微生物研究的热点领域

2011年本刊发表论文的情况显示,环境微生物方面的研究工作独占鳌头,共发表31篇论文(不包括第4期"环境微生物专刊"),排名第二的农业微生物有27篇,工业微生物以25篇位列第三。值得注意的是,有关"环境修复"的文章有15篇,占环境微生物栏目的一半。在过去的一年里,我国环境微生物学同行在相关     

微生物灾害新领域

人们利用微生物酿酒、生产柠檬酸、制造抗菌素和酶制剂等,这类微生物有效利用的例子举不胜举.然而,微生物也有其有害的一面.近二十年来,国外关于微生物灾害新的研究领域,巳发表了数千篇论文.各国纷纷建立专们的研究机构,开展研究工作.在我国,这方面的研究工作刚刚开始.现将微生物灾害的具体事例介绍如下.     

食品微生物安全成为我国重要研究领域

随着我国社会的发展,人们对食品的质量有了越来越高地要求,对食品对于健康的影响也有了更深入的认识。与此同时,国内科技工作者对食品微生物及其安全性研究给予了相当重视,仅就2010年本刊发表的研究论文数量来看,虽然"环境微生物"栏目有25篇(不包括"环境微生物专刊"),但"食品微生物"栏目论文数量也相当可观,共发表了17篇论文。在相关工作中,有关食品安全方面的论文有7篇,其研究工作取得了     

生防促生微生物在我国农业微生物研究中的位置

2012年,有关农业微生物领域的论文本刊发表了20篇,其中生防促生微生物方面的工作就有10篇.就本刊数据而言,体现了生防促生微生物的研究在相关领域的重要位置.刘晓云等[1]采用BOX分子标记技术筛选南苜蓿高效根瘤菌菌株;谢宗华、王海华等,王彦杰、左豫虎等,陈波、杜秉海等分别筛选和鉴定了一株水稻纹枯菌拮抗细菌[2],一株表面活性剂产生菌[3]以及樱桃根际促生细菌[4].周定中、张吉斌等开展了黑水虻肠道细菌抗菌筛选并鉴定了相关活性分子[5];殷幼平、王中康等分离鉴定了柑橘黄龙病隐症寄主九里香内生细菌[6].     

污染物降解成为环境微生物领域研究的重点

<正>根据《微生物学通报》2013年发表的文章分析,环境微生物学领域的论文有32篇,平均每个月在2篇以上,论文数显著多于农业微生物学(20篇)和工业微生物学(18篇)及其他领域。然而,在环境微生物学领域中,有关污染物降解方面的文章达到了12篇。就本刊数据而言,这体现了污染物的降解已成为我国环境微生物学研究领域的重点。其中有10项研究工作,针对各种有机化合物的处理与降解,如石油[1]、包     

2018年度《微生物学报》优秀论文

为提升《微生物学报》的学术影响力,鼓励优秀作者,吸引优秀科研成果在我刊首发,编辑部通过对3年前发表在《微生物学报》的论文进行回溯与评估.从2015年度发表的论文当中,根据论文的创新性(审稿专家的评审意见)和读者的关注度(中国知网CNKI数据库的被引频次和下载量)综合评选出了20篇2018年度优秀学术论文,并颁发优秀学术论文证书。     

厚积薄发:我国植物-微生物互作研究取得突破

在自然环境中,植物与微生物紧密互作。病原微生物侵染植物,严重制约了农作物的生产,并威胁生态安全;有益的微生物则与植物形成了互惠互利的同盟关系,促进植物的健康生长。近年来,我国科学家在植物-微生物互作领域屡获突破,从整体上取得了长足进步。该文重点介绍了2017年我国科学家在国际顶级学术期刊上发表的4篇研究成果,并对本领域的发展进行了展望。     

微生物酶依然是国内同行研究的重点

2015年《微生物学通报》共发表281篇文章,其中有关农业微生物的文章约占十分之一(27篇),而工业和环境微生物学文章各接近十分之一(25篇)。值得一提的是,在有关工业微生物的论文中,酶及其性质的研究有8篇。在8篇论文中,涉及霉菌的工作有2篇:冯颖杰等研究了一种米曲霉蛋白酶并且在酪蛋白磷酸肽制备中进行了应用[1]:邢欢等采用绿色木霉酶解了小球藻细胞壁[2];黄春凯等、成莉凤等分别研究了一株纤维素酶[3]和β-甘露聚糖酶[4];蔡昱萌等[5]、黄楠等[6]分别在脱氨酶的研究中取得了进展;李夏等[7]、夏苗苗等[8]开展了有关微生物基因调控以及遗传特性的工作。随着他们及其他国内酶学同行研究工作的深入,将有效促进我国微生物和酶学的发展。     

基于文献计量分析土壤微生物对气候变暖的响应

【背景】面对全球气候变暖,土壤微生物在陆地生态系统对全球变暖反馈中起到了至关重要的作用。【目的】了解土壤微生物对气候变暖响应研究的发展现状、研究热点及前沿动态,厘清当前该研究领域的知识结构关系。【方法】以1999-2021年Web of Science核心数据库中土壤微生物对气候变暖响应研究已发表的3 189篇论文为数据源,利用Vosviewer和CiteSpace软件对年发文量、文献被引频次、作者、机构、国家、学科和关键词等进行可视化分析。【结果】研究总体呈逐步增长趋势,经历缓慢增长、稳步增长和高速增长3个阶段;高被引论文均发表在国际顶级期刊上,研究成果具有较高的学术影响力。在学科融合与合作交流方面,环境科学、生态学和土壤学是该研究领域的主要学科,而多学科交叉学在该领域占有重要地位;作者骆亦其、Schuur和周集中是该领域核心学者,作者之间的合作关系主要以同一研究团队内部合作为主;主要的科研机构有中国科学院、加利福尼亚大学和美国能源部,各科研机构之间合作较为紧密;中国、美国和欧洲是土壤微生物对气候变暖响应研究领域的主要力量,国家之间相互合作程度高。该领域的主要研究热点是气候变暖改变了土壤微生物的群落结构组成、多样性和生理生化功能,进而对地球化学物质循环产生影响;土壤微生物在土壤碳库释放中的作用机理和调控机制是该领域研究前沿。【结论】目前,不同生态系统研究中土壤微生物对增温的响应与适应机制存在着差异,而且对微生物碳功能基因和多环境交互因子的研究较少。因此,建议后期应更加聚焦特定生态系统的细化研究,开展大范围、大尺度、长时期的定位研究,加强对微生物碳降解和碳固定功能基因的研究,多关注环境因子变化的交互作用对土壤微生物生态过程的影响。     

2020年度《微生物学报》优秀论文

为提升《微生物学报》的学术影响力,鼓励优秀作者,吸引优秀科研成果在我刊首发,编辑部通过对3年前发表在《微生物学报》的论文进行回溯与评估,从2017年度发表的论文当中,根据论文的创新性(审稿专家的评审意见)和读者的关注度(中国知网CNKI数据库的被引频次和下载量)综合评选出了20篇2020年度优秀学术论文,并颁发优秀学术论文证书。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.