基于文献计量分析土壤微生物对气候变暖的响应

【背景】面对全球气候变暖，土壤微生物在陆地生态系统对全球变暖反馈中起到了至关重要的作用。【目的】了解土壤微生物对气候变暖响应研究的发展现状、研究热点及前沿动态，厘清当前该研究领域的知识结构关系。【方法】以1999-2021年Web of Science核心数据库中土壤微生物对气候变暖响应研究已发表的3 189篇论文为数据源，利用Vosviewer和CiteSpace软件对年发文量、文献被引频次、作者、机构、国家、学科和关键词等进行可视化分析。【结果】研究总体呈逐步增长趋势，经历缓慢增长、稳步增长和高速增长3个阶段；高被引论文均发表在国际顶级期刊上，研究成果具有较高的学术影响力。在学科融合与合作交流方面，环境科学、生态学和土壤学是该研究领域的主要学科，而多学科交叉学在该领域占有重要地位；作者骆亦其、Schuur和周集中是该领域核心学者，作者之间的合作关系主要以同一研究团队内部合作为主；主要的科研机构有中国科学院、加利福尼亚大学和美国能源部，各科研机构之间合作较为紧密；中国、美国和欧洲是土壤微生物对气候变暖响应研究领域的主要力量，国家之间相互合作程度高。该领域的主要研究热点是气候变暖改变了土壤微生物的群落结构组成、多样性和生理生化功能，进而对地球化学物质循环产生影响；土壤微生物在土壤碳库释放中的作用机理和调控机制是该领域研究前沿。【结论】目前，不同生态系统研究中土壤微生物对增温的响应与适应机制存在着差异，而且对微生物碳功能基因和多环境交互因子的研究较少。因此，建议后期应更加聚焦特定生态系统的细化研究，开展大范围、大尺度、长时期的定位研究，加强对微生物碳降解和碳固定功能基因的研究，多关注环境因子变化的交互作用对土壤微生物生态过程的影响。

Research progress in response of soil microorganisms to global warming: based on bibliometric analysis

Background] Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in the response of terrestrial ecosystem to global warming.Objective] To unravel the status quo, hotspots, and frontiers of research on the response of soil microorganisms to global warming and to clarify the knowledge structure in this field. Methods] Based on the 3 189 papers on the response of soil microorganisms to global warming published in Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science from 1999 to 2021, the annual number of papers in this field, cited frequency of the papers, authors, affiliations, countries, subjects, and keywords were visualized by Vosviewer and CiteSpace.Results] The number of papers shows an overall increasing trend:first slow increase, then steady increase, and finally rapid increase in detail. The highly cited papers are all published in top international journals, the research outcomes of which have high academic influence. As for interdisciplinary research and collaboration, Environmental Science, Ecology, and Soil Science are the main disciplines, and Multidisciplinary Sciences occupies an important position in this field. Moreover, professors Luo Yiqi, Schuur, and Zhou Jizhong are the core scholars in this field. Cooperation among the authors in the same research team is common. The main affiliations are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of California, and the US Department of Energy, with close cooperation among the affiliations. Besides, China, the US, and Europe are the main forces in this field and frequent cooperation among countries in this filed is observed. The research focus is that global warming changes the community structure, diversity, and physiological and biochemical functions of soil microorganisms, further influencing geochemical cycle. The research frontiers are the mechanism of action and regulatory mechanism of soil microorganisms in release of soil carbon pool. Conclusion] The response and adaptation mechanism of soil microorganisms in different ecosystems to global warming are different. A few studies of microbial carbon function-related genes and interaction of multiple environmental factors are available. Therefore, efforts should be made to carry out research on specific ecosystems and large-scope large-scale long-term positioning research, strengthen the research on microbial carbon degradation- and carbon fixation-related genes, and emphasize the impact of the interaction of multiple environmental factors on soil microbial ecological processes.