神经梅毒29例的回顾性临床分析

目的:观察总结神经梅毒的临床特点,以提高神经梅毒的诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院2005年1月至2012年12月神经内科病房收治的29例神经梅毒患者的临床资料。结果:29例神经梅毒患者中临床分型:其中,无症状型神经梅毒2例,主要表现为患者无症状,仅脑脊液呈轻度炎性反应,梅毒血清反应阳性;梅毒性脑膜炎6例,主要表现为头痛、呕吐及脑膜刺激征,偶可见意识障碍、谵妄及抽搐。血管型梅毒3例,主要表现为偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍、偏盲、失语等。脊髓痨11例,主要表现为感觉异常如束带感和蚁走感,共济失调、内脏危象及阿罗瞳孔等。麻痹性痴呆7例,临床表现为进行性痴呆合并神经损害为主。结论:神经梅毒的起病隐袭,临床表现复杂多样,神经系统各部位都可受累,容易误诊,。但青霉素治疗有效。对于疑似病例应及时行血清及脑脊液检查,可获得早期诊断,对指导治疗及预后均有重要意义。     

脑脊液TP-ELISA、TRUST和VDRL检测对神经梅毒的诊断价值探讨

摘要：目的 探讨脑脊液梅毒螺旋体抗体酶联免疫法（TP-ELISA）、梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验（TRUST）和性病研究实验室试验（venereal disease research laboratory,VDRL）对于神经梅毒的诊断价值。方法 对我院2011年7月至2014年7月三年内123例疑似神经梅毒患者的临床资料及脑脊液等进行综合分析并对三种方法检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性进行比较。结果 共诊断25例神经梅毒患者,其中1例抗-HIV阳性,24例抗-HIV阴性;有症状神经梅毒患者8例,无症状神经梅毒患者17例;有症状神经梅毒患者平均白细胞计数>5×106/L,异常率为62.50%;无症状神经梅毒患者平均白细胞计数<5×106/L,异常率为58.82%。有症状神经梅毒患者平均脑脊液蛋白>0.5 g/L,异常率为75.00%;无症状神经梅毒患者平均脑脊液蛋白<0.5 g/L,异常率为64.71%。TP-ELISA检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性分别为100% 和43.88%,TRUST检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性分别为96.94%和100%,VDRL检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性分别为100%和100%。结论 脑脊液TP-ELISA不可作为神经梅毒的确诊病例标准,脑脊液TRUST可以代替 VDRL用于神经梅毒的诊断,亦可作为其疗效的参考指标。     

梅毒住院患者63例血清学及脑脊液的临床分析

目的了解梅毒住院患者的流行病学、临床和血清学特征。方法对63例患者的临床资料及血清学、脑脊液等进行综合分析。结果87．30％（55例）患者血清TRUST呈低滴度表现（1：1～1：8）,14．29％（9例）为早期潜伏梅毒,15．87％（10例）为神经梅毒,52．38％（33例）为晚期潜伏梅毒,17．46％（11例）为无法判断病期的潜伏梅毒。73．02％（46例）传播途径为非婚性接触为主,性别分类中女性（49例）多于男性（14例）,低学历（54例）、待业者（18例）及性活跃期人群发病率高。结论潜伏（隐性）梅毒在梅毒分期中占有较大的比例;有必要对血清TRUST滴度持续（≥2年）不转阴患者进行神经梅毒的排查;有必要加强宣传性保护的重要性。     

神经梅毒5例临床分析

目的：探讨梅毒感染后致神经系统损害的临床特征,加强对神经梅毒的认识。方法：回顾性分析5例神经梅毒患者的临床特点、血清学变化、影像学资料。结果：5例梅毒血清学检查、脑脊液梅毒检查均阳性,5例头核磁检查存在特异性改变（4例冠状住可见海马异常信号）,临床特征缺乏特异性。结论：神经梅毒好发于中年男性,梅毒全身症状可不明显,其临床表现多样,容易误诊和漏诊,临床应重视对患者临床特征识别,尤其对患者脑脊液及影像学检查结果识别,对神经梅毒患者的诊治有重要的现实意义。     

神经梅毒5 例临床分析

目的:探讨梅毒感染后致神经系统损害的临床特征,加强对神经梅毒的认识。方法:回顾性分析5例神经梅毒患者的临床特点、血清学变化、影像学资料。结果:5例梅毒血清学检查、脑脊液梅毒检查均阳性,5例头核磁检查存在特异性改变(4例冠状位可见海马异常信号),临床特征缺乏特异性。结论:神经梅毒好发于中年男性,梅毒全身症状可不明显,其临床表现多样,容易误诊和漏诊,临床应重视对患者临床特征识别,尤其对患者脑脊液及影像学检查结果识别,对神经梅毒患者的诊治有重要的现实意义。     

一期梅毒实验室诊断差异性研究

目的通过梅毒螺旋体初筛试验、确认试验和鉴别诊断试验,探讨一期梅毒实验室诊断差异性,最大限度减少漏诊与误诊,为深入研发新型早期梅毒诊断试剂奠定基础。方法依据2000年中国卫生部防疫司颁布的性病诊断标准,临床筛选一期梅毒患者86例（研究组）和非梅毒患者100例（对照组）,对患者血清进行甲苯胺红不加热血清试验（TRUST）初筛和梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）确认。筛选临床体征、TRUST法和TPPA法三者结果有差异的患者进一步鉴别诊断,鉴别诊断主要应用荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）法、免疫PCR法与自身抗体检测等试验。结果初筛TRUST法灵敏度和特异性分别为62．8％、93．0％;确认TPPA法灵敏度与特异性分别为66．3％、100％。TRUST法和TPPA法两者结果差异占12．8％;临床体征诊断、TRUST法和TPPA法三者结果差异占41．9％。TPPA法与TRUST法两者均阴性的一期梅毒患者中,FQ-PCR阳性率达88．0％,免疫PCR阳性率占40．0％。TPPA法阳性、TRUST法阴性的一期梅毒患者免疫PCR法与TPPA法结果一致;TPPA法阴性、TRUST法阳性11例患者中结核抗体阳性2例,类风湿因子阳性3例与抗Sm抗体结果阳性6例。结论一期梅毒患者实验室诊断结果差异性较大,漏诊与误诊的比例较高,有待研发新型的诊断试剂和提高诊断水平。     

梅毒血清抗体检测与临床的关系分析

目的探讨梅毒血清抗体检测与临床的相关性。方法对我院10710例进行梅毒血清抗体检测者,根据性别、年龄的不同比较它们之间的关系,并进行分析结果判断与临床的相关性。结果不同性别患者梅毒血清抗体检测无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,而不同年龄患者梅毒血清抗体检测有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论由于患者自身原因、试剂原因及HIV感染等因素,造成梅毒血清抗体试验有一定的假阳性和假阴性,因此对梅毒血清抗体试验结果应结合病史及临床情况进行综合分析判断。     

现用梅毒血清试验临床应用价值评估

通过检测梅毒患者正规治疗前、后血清抗体变化,评价梅毒实验室各种血清学试验方法对梅毒的诊断和随访的临床意义.本文采用梅毒螺旋体(TP)暗视野显微镜检查、快速血浆反应素(RPR)试验、TP明胶凝集试验(TPPA)和TP-IgM酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-IgM ELISA)等方法对135例梅毒患者正规治疗前、后的血清进行检测....     

早期先天梅毒几种实验室诊断方法的评价

目的评价梅毒螺旋体蛋白印迹试验(TPPA-IgM-WB)和梅毒螺旋体19(s)-IgM酶联免疫吸附法[TP-19(s)-IgM-ELISA]在先天梅毒早期诊断中的作用。方法对45例梅毒孕妇所产46例(1例双胞胎)新生儿运用血清IgM-WB试验、梅毒螺旋体19(s)-IgM酶联免疫吸附法[TP-19(s)-IgM-ELISA]和常规血清学方法(TPPA、RPR、FTA-ABS-IgM)检测,评价上述试验诊断方法在先天梅毒早期诊断中的作用。结果45例梅毒孕妇所生的新生儿中,按常规综合诊断方法21例确诊为先天梅毒,新生儿血清IgM蛋白印迹试验23例阳性,梅毒螺旋体19(s)-IgM酶联免疫吸附法24例阳性(21例常规方法诊断为先天梅毒)。30例作为对照的非梅毒孕妇及新生儿各项检查均为阴性。结论血清IgM蛋白印迹试验和梅毒螺旋体19(s)-IgM酶联免疫吸附法[TP-19(s)-IgM-ELISA]诊断先天梅毒具有较高的特异性和敏感性,结果显示可能高于现行的常规综合诊断方法的诊断价值。     

ELISA法检测梅毒螺旋体抗体的评价

目前在国内医院、血站的实验室中梅毒血清学诊断主要应用非特异性试验 ,如快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验 (RPR)或甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST) ,特异性试验主要应用 TPPA或 TPHA。我们用国产 ELISA试剂 (双抗原夹心法 ) ,对梅毒患者与非梅毒患者的血清进行检测 ,并同时作TRUST与 TPPA检测 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　对象　患者组 ,两院皮肤性病科确诊梅毒患者84例 ;非患者组 ,两院门诊、住院及健康查体者各随机抽取 1 5 0例 ,并排除梅毒螺旋体感染。1 .2　试剂　 ELISA试剂由广东中山生物工程有限公司提供 ;TP…     

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-1 infection and syphilis or neurosyphilis

The potential mechanisms for altered matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) or tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) function in patients with syphilis and HIV-1 co-infection (HIV-S) was unclear. To determine the expression of MMP-2, 9 and TIMP-1, 2, 4 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-S patients, a total of 20 HIV-S patients and 8 controls were enrolled in a HIV-1 clinical cohort for diagnosis of neurosyphilis in Taiwan. Serum and CSF concentrations of MMP-2, 9, and TIMP-1, 2, 4 were determined by ELISA. Gelatin zymography was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the CSF. Neurosyphilis was defined as a CSF white blood cell count ≥ 20 cells/μL or a reactive CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL). All the patients with HIV-S were males. Most (85%) had sex with men (MSM) and serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers of ≥ 1:32. The median age was 35 years (IQR 30-43). The median CD4 T cell counts at the time of the diagnosis of syphilis were 270 cells/μL (IQR 96-484). Ten patients (50%) had neurosyphilis based on a reactive CSF VDRL test (n=8) or increased CSF white cell counts ≥ 20/μL (n=2). The concentrations of CSF MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were significantly higher in patients with HIV-S than the controls (P<0.05). The CSF TIMP-4 concentrations were significantly lower in those with HIV-S (452 pg/ml) than controls (3101 pg/ml), P<0001. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations between the groups. The only finding that distinguished HIV-1 patients with from those without neurosyphilis is a significant higher expression of CSF MMP-9. In conclusion, the MMP/TIMP system was found to be dysregulated in patients with HIV-S regardless of whether they met the laboratory definition of neurosyphilis. The CSF level of MMP-9 was the only measure that distinguished those with or without neurosyphilis.     

以急性脑干综合征为首发表现的NMOSD的临床和MRI诊断分析

目的:探讨以急性脑干综合征(ABS)为首发表现的视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)的临床和MRI表现,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析17例首发表现为ABS的NMOSD患者临床资料,包括脑脊液常规、生化及寡克隆区带,血清水通道蛋白4抗体(AQP4-IgG),头颅与脊髓MRI表现,并分析其特点。结果:共纳入男性3例,女性14例,发病年龄20~43岁,平均发病年龄33.5岁,88.2%患者以恶心、呕吐、顽固性呃逆等胃肠症状就诊,发作病程7天~47周,平均8周。脑脊液检查多呈轻中度炎性反应,2例白细胞计数>50×10^6/L。脑脊液蛋白平均0.32 g/L (0.15~1.17 g/L),OBs检测阳性率为11.8%,血清AQP4-IgG阳性率为76.5%。64.7%病例早期MRI表现延髓背侧中央导水管周围异常信号,无明显强化;脊髓未见受累。结论:中青年女性以ABS为首发症状时应警惕NMOSD的可能,脑脊液检查、血清AQP4抗体阳性以及MRI表现具有一定的特征性,有助于早期诊断。     

Regulatory T Cells in Peripheral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Syphilis Patients with and without Neurological Involvement

Background

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum, can progress to affect the central nervous system, causing neurosyphilis. Accumulating evidence suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of syphilis. However, little is known about Treg response in neurosyphilis.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We analyzed Treg frequencies and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) levels in the blood and CSF of 431 syphilis patients without neurological involvement, 100 neurosyphilis patients and 100 healthy donors. Suppressive function of Tregs in peripheral blood was also assessed. Among syphilis patients without neurological involvement, we found that secondary and serofast patients had increased Treg percentages, suppressive function and TGF-β levels in peripheral blood compared to healthy donors. Serum Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) titers were positively correlated with Treg numbers in these patients. Compared to these syphilis patients without neurological involvement, neurosyphilis patients had higher Treg frequency in peripheral blood. In the central nervous system, neurosyphilis patients had higher numbers of leukocytes in CSF compared to syphilis patients without neurological involvement. CD4⁺ T cells were the predominant cell type in the inflammatory infiltrates in CSF of neurosyphilis patients. Interestingly, among these neurosyphilis patients, a significant decrease in CSF CD4⁺ CD25^high Treg percentage and number was observed in symptomatic neurosyphilis patients compared to those of asymptomatic neurosyphilis patients, which may be associated with low CSF TGF-β levels.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that Tregs might play an important role in both bacterial persistence and neurologic compromise in the pathogenesis of syphilis.     

细菌性肝脓肿临床特点的回顾性分析

目的:总结细菌性肝脓肿(pyogenic liver abscesses,PLA)的临床特点、诊断及治疗经验,提高诊疗水平。方法:回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学第二临床医学院2013年1月-2014年12月收治的75例PLA患者的临床资料。结果:75例患者的平均年龄57岁,最大78岁,最小34岁。其中,男45例,女30例,男:女为1.5:1。75例患者中表现为发热者69例(92.0%)、寒战28例(37.3%)、右上腹痛66例(88.0%),伴恶心呕吐者28例(37.3%),黄疸15例(20.0%),肝肿大8例(10.7%)。有糖尿病病史患者28例(37.3%)。胆系疾病(78.7%)是本组资料主要的易患因素,其中53例患有胆囊炎(70.7%)。外周血白细胞增高67例(89.3%),血红蛋白降低41例(54.7%),白蛋白降低46例(61.3%);75例患者转氨酶升高58例(77.3%)。肝右叶单发脓肿多见(75例患者中36例,占48%)。51例B超确诊,24例行B超+CT或CT检查。48例行穿刺液细菌培养及25例血培养,其中肺炎克雷伯氏菌为主要病原菌。平均住院天数为19天,多数患者经皮下肝脓肿穿刺或置管引流而好转,1例漏诊为肺炎,2例患者反复入院,1例因菌血症死亡。结论:PLA的临床表现多样,以发热最为常见;多为肝右叶单发,部分患者血红蛋白及血清白蛋白降低。糖尿病为PLA最常见基础疾病,胆系疾病是主要的易患因素。肺炎克雷伯杆菌是本组PLA患者的主要致病菌。     

Increased levels of tumor necrosis alpha and soluble vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with connective tissue diseases and multiple sclerosis

The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in patients with primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) complicated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Stimulation of sVCAM-1 release by TNF-alpha was demonstrated on endothelial cells of brain vessels. We intended to present the TNF-alpha stimulated elevation of sVCAM-1 in the serum and CSF in any cases of CNS lesion. Fifty patients with several CTDs complicated with neuropsychiatric symptoms and 25 MS patients with primary chronic progressive form of the disease were selected. Determinations of TNF-alpha and sVCAM-1 were performed using ELISA methods. TNF-alpha and sVCAM-1 concentrations were elevated in the CSF of all patients, intrathecal synthesis of sVCAM-1 was demonstrated in MS patients. The changes in the TNF-alpha and sVCAM-1 concentrations were independent from the clinical manifestations, immunoserological changes and quality of neuropsychiatric symptoms of the CTDs. The stimulatory effect of TNF-alpha was more pronounced in the CSF of MS patients.     

肾移植术后隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床分析

目的 分析肾移植术后隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床特点,以期提高临床医生的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析肾移植术后隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床表现、实验室检查和治疗预后.结果 4例患者中,男2例,女2例,全部为首次同种异体肾移植.所有患者均有发热和头痛症状,多表现为轻度头痛和低热.3例患者隐球菌涂片和培养均为阳性.所有患者分别给予两性霉素B脂质体、伏立康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶等抗真菌治疗,其中1例合并两性霉素B鞘内注射.经2～4个月治疗后,4例隐球菌涂片转阴,临床症状消失,均在我院随访,至今未复发.结论 肾移植术后隐球菌性脑膜炎首发症状隐匿,临床表现不典型,极易误诊漏诊.早期明确诊断、多科室协作、规范足量治疗是提高此病救治成功的关键.     

顺铂联合针灸疗法对晚期肺癌患者血清CSF、TNF-alpha与IL2水平的影响

目的：探究顺铂联合针灸疗法对晚期肺癌患者血清集落刺激因子(CSF)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-alpha)与白细胞介素2(IL2)水平的 影响。方法：选取我院肿瘤科收治的晚期肺癌患者60 例,并将其随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组30 例患者仅予顺铂常规治疗; 实验组30 例患者顺铂在常规治疗的基础上加用针刺肺俞、丰隆、中府、太渊、尺泽、心俞、天宗、膻中、膏肓、尺泽、背压痛点、灸丹 田穴位。治疗前后,检测和比较两组患者的血清CSF、TNF-alpha与IL2 水平。结果：治疗前,两组患者的血清CSF、TNF-alpha、IL2 水平比 较均无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的血清CSF、TNF-alpha、IL2水平均较治疗前降低,且实验组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计 学意义(P＜0.05)。实验组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,脱发、失眠、白细胞减少的发生率均明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计 学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：顺铂联合针灸治疗能够明显降低晚期肺癌患者的血清CSF、TNF-alpha与IL2 水平,进而可能提高患者的免疫 功能和临床疗效,值得临床进一步研究和推广应用。     

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Studies of Two Cases Treated with 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine

Two cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis treated with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUDR) are reported. Both cases had a classical presentation with motor and mental deterioration, myoclonic jerks, paretic colloidal gold curve in CSF and periodic bursts of the EEG. The diagnosis was confirmed by brain biopsy with light and electron microscopic findings. Immunological studies revealed markedly elevated serum and CSF measles antibodies on serial determinations by the virus neutralization, complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition techniques. Both cases were treated with 100 mg./kg./day of BUDR, intravenously, for five days, and Case 2 received a second course of treatment. Only minimal side effects were experienced from the use of BUDR; clinical symptoms showed sustained improvement in Case 1 and no further deterioration in Case 2. Both patients survived for more than 16 months. More extensive controlled trials with antiviral agents for the treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis appear to be justified.     

IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症的临床分析

目的：探讨血清尿酸对IgA肾病临床,病理及预后的影响,为临床治疗和预后评估提供依据。方法：分析我院2011年1月-2012年1月149例经肾穿活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病患者的临床和病理资料。采用t检验和X2检验进行统计学处理。结果：（1）伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病的发病率为30.2%,男性偏多,男女发病率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。（2）女性高尿酸血症组BUN、Cys-C、Scr水平显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）,男性两组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,而血清UA水平无论男女高尿酸血症组均显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）;尿酸正常组血清BUN、UA、Cys-C、Scr水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）,高尿酸血症组血清UA水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）;血清IgA、C3、IgA/C3比值无论男女,高尿酸血症组与尿酸正常组均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。（3）高尿酸血症组病理改变以Ⅳ-Ⅴ多见（57.8%）,而正常尿酸组则以Ⅰ-Ⅱ为主（46.2%）,血尿酸正常组与高尿酸血症组Lee＇s分级构成比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：伴有高尿酸血症的IgA肾病患者男性血尿酸水平高于女性,但血尿酸水平升高对女性肾功能影响更大;高尿酸血症对血清IgA,C3水平的变化影响不大;伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病病理改变程度较尿酸正常组更加严重。