短柄泥蜂亚科中国新记录亚族、属及种类记述(膜翅目:方头泥蜂科)

记述短柄泥蜂亚科1中国新记录亚族(圆痣短柄泥蜂亚族Ammoplanina Evans)、2中国新记录属(锐痣短柄泥蜂属Ammoplanops Gussakovskij和圆痣短柄泥蜂属Ammoplanus Giraud)及5中国新记录种(脊锐痣短柄泥蜂Ammoplanops carinatus Gussakovskij,...     

中国隆痣短柄泥蜂属研究及二新记录种记述（膜翅目：方头泥蜂科）

记述我国已知的隆痣短柄泥蜂属Carinostigmus Tsuneki 9种,其中包括2中国新记录种:脉隆痣短柄泥蜂Carinostigmus costatus Krombein, 1984,以及弯柄隆痣短柄泥蜂Carinostigmus maior (Maidl, 1925)。编制了中国隆痣短柄泥蜂属已知种类检索表。     

新疆米短柄泥蜂属二新种记述(膜翅目,蜜蜂总科,方头泥蜂科)(英文)

记述了采自新疆2新种,四齿米短柄泥蜂M.quadridentata Ma,Liet Chen,sp.nov.和散点米短柄泥蜂M.sparsipunctulata Ma,Liet Chen,sp.nov.,对米短柄泥蜂属中国已知种类检索表进行了部分修订。模式标本分别保存在浙江大学寄生蜂标本室和中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

西双版纳不同经济作物环境泥蜂物种多样性研究

泥蜂是一类重要的捕猎性天敌昆虫和传粉昆虫。本研究于2018年6月-2019年11月对西双版纳地区观赏经作区、柚林区、古茶林区和农田区（样地Ⅰ-Ⅳ）4个调查区采用马氏网诱捕方法定期定点调查,每月调查一次。结果如下：西双版纳调查区域分布有泥蜂类群3科15族27属110种;其中,泥蜂科包括3族5属7种;蠊泥蜂科包括2族3属8种;方头泥蜂科包括10族19属95种,为该地区的优势科。脊短柄泥蜂属Psenulus、小唇泥蜂属Larra和短翅泥蜂属Trypoxylon为优势属,刻臀小唇泥蜂Larra fenchihuensis、磨光小唇泥蜂红腿亚种Larra polita luzonensis为优势种。4个作物区的优势科均为方头泥蜂科,但不同作物区泥蜂的优势属种存在差异,观赏经作区（样地Ⅰ）优势属为脊短柄泥蜂属和短翅泥蜂属,优势种为普氏脊短柄泥蜂指名亚种Psenulus pulcherrimus pulcherrimus（17.4%）和岩田隆痣短柄泥蜂Carinostigmus iwatai（15.6%）;柚木林区（样地Ⅱ）优势属为脊短柄泥蜂属和短翅泥蜂属,优势种为普氏脊短柄泥蜂指名亚种（17.7%）和锡兰脊短柄泥蜂Psenulus ceylonicus（11.3%）;古茶林区（样地Ⅲ）优势属为短翅泥蜂属和小唇泥蜂属,优势种为刻臀小唇泥蜂（15.6%）和吉打州短翅泥蜂Trypoxylon kedah（12.5%）;农田区（样地Ⅳ）优势属为小唇泥蜂属和短翅泥蜂属,优势种为刻臀小唇泥蜂（21.7%）和磨光小唇泥蜂红腿亚种（21.7%）。15属多区分布,12属单区分布。植被差异是影响泥蜂物种多样性的重要因子,植被群落复杂程度影响泥蜂群落特征指数,植被群落越复杂的环境,泥蜂群落种类越丰富,物种多样性越高。泥蜂物种多样性随季节的变化而明显变化,降雨量和温度等气候因素是影响泥蜂多样性变化的重要因子。4个样地之间泥蜂群落相似性系数表示为中等不相似或极度不相似水平,表明不同样地中泥蜂群落组成差异很大。本研究明确了西双版纳4个不同经济作物环境中的泥蜂物种多样性,可为天敌昆虫资源的保护和利用以及害虫生物防治等研究提供依据。     

中国蠊泥蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:蠊泥蜂科)

记述采自云南的蠊泥蜂科Ampulicidae蠊泥蜂属Ampulex l新种;扁唇蠊泥蜂Ampulex clypecomplana Chen et Li,sp.nov.,并与近似种Ampulex dissector(Thunberg,1822)作了比较。模式标本保存在云南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

快足小唇泥蜂属一新种和八个中国新记录种（膜翅目：方头泥蜂科）

记述方头泥蜂科快足小唇泥蜂属Tachysphex1新种——齿唇快足小唇泥蜂Tachysphex clypedentalis,sp.nov.,和8中国新记录种,并首次描述了中国新记录种木氏快足小唇泥蜂T.moczari Tsuneki的雌性。模式标本保存于云南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

捷小唇泥蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:方头泥蜂科:小唇泥蜂族)

记述方头泥蜂科捷小唇泥蜂属1新种,窄顶捷小唇泥蜂Tachytesangustiverticis,sp.nov.。模式标本分别保存在云南农业大学和浙江大学寄生蜂标本室。     

中国沙蜂亚科一新记录属附记一新种(膜翅目:方头泥蜂科)

记述方头泥蜂科Crabronidae沙蜂亚科Bembicinae中国1新记录属:刺大唇泥蜂属Stizoides Guérin-Méneville,1844,并记述1新种：锈唇刺大唇泥蜂Stizoides labirubiginus,sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本室.     

棒柄泥蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：泥蜂科）

本文记述了棒柄泥蜂属1新种：异色棒柄泥蜂Rhopalum(Rhopalum)varicoloratum.sp.nov.模式标本分别保存在浙江农业大学昆虫标本室和中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国转长泥蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:方头泥蜂科)

记述中国浙江方头泥蜂科Crabronidae转长泥蜂属Tracheliodes 1新种:瘤唇转长泥蜂Tracheliodes labitubercutus,sp.nov.,编制了该属中国已知种类检索表.模式标本保存于浙江大学寄生蜂标本室.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.