西双版纳不同经济作物环境泥蜂物种多样性研究

泥蜂是一类重要的捕猎性天敌昆虫和传粉昆虫。本研究于2018年6月-2019年11月对西双版纳地区观赏经作区、柚林区、古茶林区和农田区（样地Ⅰ-Ⅳ）4个调查区采用马氏网诱捕方法定期定点调查，每月调查一次。结果如下：西双版纳调查区域分布有泥蜂类群3科15族27属110种；其中，泥蜂科包括3族5属7种；蠊泥蜂科包括2族3属8种；方头泥蜂科包括10族19属95种，为该地区的优势科。脊短柄泥蜂属Psenulus、小唇泥蜂属Larra和短翅泥蜂属Trypoxylon为优势属，刻臀小唇泥蜂Larra fenchihuensis、磨光小唇泥蜂红腿亚种Larra polita luzonensis为优势种。4个作物区的优势科均为方头泥蜂科，但不同作物区泥蜂的优势属种存在差异，观赏经作区（样地Ⅰ）优势属为脊短柄泥蜂属和短翅泥蜂属，优势种为普氏脊短柄泥蜂指名亚种Psenulus pulcherrimus pulcherrimus（17.4%）和岩田隆痣短柄泥蜂Carinostigmus iwatai（15.6%）；柚木林区（样地Ⅱ）优势属为脊短柄泥蜂属和短翅泥蜂属，优势种为普氏脊短柄泥蜂指名亚种（17.7%）和锡兰脊短柄泥蜂Psenulus ceylonicus（11.3%）；古茶林区（样地Ⅲ）优势属为短翅泥蜂属和小唇泥蜂属，优势种为刻臀小唇泥蜂（15.6%）和吉打州短翅泥蜂Trypoxylon kedah（12.5%）；农田区（样地Ⅳ）优势属为小唇泥蜂属和短翅泥蜂属，优势种为刻臀小唇泥蜂（21.7%）和磨光小唇泥蜂红腿亚种（21.7%）。15属多区分布，12属单区分布。植被差异是影响泥蜂物种多样性的重要因子，植被群落复杂程度影响泥蜂群落特征指数，植被群落越复杂的环境，泥蜂群落种类越丰富，物种多样性越高。泥蜂物种多样性随季节的变化而明显变化，降雨量和温度等气候因素是影响泥蜂多样性变化的重要因子。4个样地之间泥蜂群落相似性系数表示为中等不相似或极度不相似水平，表明不同样地中泥蜂群落组成差异很大。本研究明确了西双版纳4个不同经济作物环境中的泥蜂物种多样性，可为天敌昆虫资源的保护和利用以及害虫生物防治等研究提供依据。

Study on species diversity of sphecid wasp in different economic crop environments in Xishuangbanna

The sphecid wasp is an important predatory insect and pollinator. From June 2018 to November 2019, four survey areas (ornamental cash crop, pomelo forest, ancient tea forest and farmland) in Xishuangbanna were investigated once a month by using malaise trap. The results were as follows: 1) A total of 3 families, 15 tribes, 27 genera and 110 species were collected. Among them, 3 tribes, 5 genera and 7 species belonged to Sphecidae, 2 tribes, 3 genera and 8 species belonged to Ampulicidae, and 10 tribes, 19 genera and 95 species belonged to Crabronidae. Crabronidae was the dominant family, Psenulus, Larra and Trypoxylon were the dominant genera, and Larra fenchihuensis and Larra polita luzonensis were the dominant species. 2) There were differences in the dominant genera and species in different crop areas: The dominant genera of the ornamental cash crop area (Plot I) were Psenulus and Trypoxylon, and the dominant species were Psenulus pulcherrimus pulcherrimus (17.4%) and Carinostigmus iwatai (15.6%); in the pomelo forest (Plot II) the dominant genera were Psenulus and Trypoxylon, and the dominant species were P. pulcherrimus pulcherrimus (17.7%) and Psenulus ceylonicus (11.3%); in the ancient tea forest (Plot III) the dominant genera were Trypoxylon and Larra, and the dominant species were L. fenchihuensis (15.6%) and Trypoxylon kedah (12.5%); in the farmland (Plot IV) the dominant genera were Larra and Trypoxylon, and the dominant species were L. fenchihuensis (21.7%) and L. polita luzonensis (21.7%). Fifteen genera occurred in several plots while 12 genera occurred in single plot. 3) Difference in vegetation was an important factor affecting the species diversity of sphecid wasp. The complexity of the vegetation community affected the characteristic index of wasp community. The more complex the vegetation community was, the more abundant and diverse the wasp community was. 4) The species diversity of wasp changed significantly with the change of seasons, and climate factors such as rainfall and temperature were important factors affecting the diversity of wasp. 5) The similarity coefficient of wasp community among the four plots was showed as a moderately dissimilar or extremely dissimilar level, indicating that the composition of wasp communities in different plots was very different. The research had clarified the species diversity of sphecid wasps in four different economic crop environments in Xishuangbanna, which could provide a basis for the protection and utilization of natural enemy insect resources and the biological control of pests.