封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器重量与体重的相关性分析

目的测定封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器重量和脏器系数,对脏器重量与体重的相关性进行分析,并计算出相应的直线回归方程和多元回归方程。方法实验选用6-10月龄普通级封闭群五指山小型猪30头（其中♂16头、♀14头）,分别测定体重和7个主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数,通过SAS软件进行脏器系数的性别间比较和各脏器重与体重间的相关与回归分析。结果性别间比较,小型猪仅有心脏的脏器系数差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。除公猪的胃脏和母猪的肺脏外,所测脏器重量与体重间均有明显的正相关线性关系;多因素分析显示公猪的肝脏和肾脏,母猪的心脏、肝脏和肾脏对各自体重有影响。结论封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器系数性别间差异较小,其体重与某些脏器重量存在一定的线性关系。     

野生成年树鼩主要脏器重量及脏器系数的测定分析

目的对野生成年树鼩的体重和主要脏器重量进行测定,计算其脏器系数。方法测定60只野生成年树鼩体重及11个主要脏器重量,并计算其脏器系数。进行脏器重量、脏器系数的性别间比较分析及Kendall和谐系数分析。结果性别间比较心、肺重量差异极显著（P〈0.01）,脑、肾上腺、胰腺重量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）;肾上腺、胰腺系数差异有极显著性（P〈0.01）,心、肺、肾系数之间差异均达到了显著水平（P〈0.05）。Kendall和谐系数（W）分析表明,动物与其个体各主要器官整体发育协调性较好。结论野生成年树鼩心重量、肺重量、脑重量、肾上腺重量、胰腺重量、肾上腺系数、胰腺系数、心系数、肺系数、肾系数性别间存在差异。     

无菌兔、SPF兔和普通兔脏器系数的比较

目的对普通级新西兰兔进行剖宫产,获得无菌兔,比较无菌兔、SPF兔和普通级兔的脏器系数。方法采取剖宫产手术获得无菌兔,在无菌隔离器内人工哺乳饲养。用电子天平和刻度尺测量无菌兔、SPF兔和普通兔心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肾上腺、胸腺、脑等脏器的脏器重量和长度,计算脏器系数。结果经检测无菌兔符合国家标准;无菌级、SPF级和普通级新西兰兔在左颌下腺、右颌下腺、心脏、肺、胆囊、脾脏、左肾上腺、右肾上腺、子宫＋卵巢、左睾丸、胃长、蚓突长度、盲肠长度、盲肠总重、盲肠干重、胃总重、胃干重等17项指标差异显著（P〈0.05）;脑、肝脏、左肾、右肾、胰脏、右睾丸、胃宽、小肠长度、直肠长度、大肠长度等10项指标差异不显著（P〉0.05）。结论不同等级微生物环境对新西兰兔脏器系数有显著影响。     

转基因EGFP小鼠的主要脏器重量及脏器系数

目的测定转基因C57BL／6-Tg（ACTB—EGFP）1osb／J（EGFP）小鼠主要脏器重量和脏器系数。方法实验选用5～6周雄性、6～7周雌性小鼠各15只,用sartorius电子天平分别测定体重和9个主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数,并对雌雄脏器重量和脏器系数之间进行比较。结果雌雄小鼠脏器重量间比较,雄性鼠体重明显大于雌性的体重（P〈0．01）;心、肝、肺、肾、肾上腺的重量间差异极显著（P〈0．01）;脾脏比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;雌雄间脏器系数比较,肺、脑、肾上腺间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,心、肝、脾、肾脏间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论转基因EGFP小鼠不同性别间脏器重量及脏器系数间有一定的差异,为相关研究打下了基础。     

Fmr1基因敲除小鼠脏器重量和脏器系数的比较分析

目的通过对Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠的脏器重量和脏器系数进行比较分析,了解其脏器重量的差异,探讨Fmr1基因对动物生长发育等方面的影响。方法分别测定Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠内脏器官的绝对重量和脏器系数,并进行统计学处理和分析。结果相同年龄的Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雄性的体重、心、肺、肝和肾的绝对重量均极显著的大于雌性（P〈0.01）。雌雄间脏器系数除肾脏（P〈0.05）和脑（P〈0.01）外,其余无显著差异。与FVB小鼠比较,Fmr1基因敲除小鼠心脏较轻（P〈0.01）,肾脏（P〈0.01）、体重和脑较重（P〈0.05）。脏器系数肾脏较大（P〈0.01）,心脏（P〈0.01）、脑和脾（P〈0.05）较小。结论Fmr1基因可影响动物的某些脏器重量和脏器系数。     

两个品系普通级和SPF级小型猪部分血液学指标的比较

目的了解不同微生物控制程度（屏障环境和普通环境）对小型猪部分血液学和生化指标的影响。方法分别对10只SPF（无特定病原体）级五指山小型猪、10只普通级五指山小型猪和10只SPF级广西巴马小型猪1、0只普通级广西巴马小型猪测定13项血液学指标和21项血清生化指标。结果普通级小型猪红细胞数（RBC）、血球比积（HCT）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）低于SPF级小型猪,白细胞数（WBC）、天门冬氨酸转移酶（AST）高于SPF级小型猪（P〈0.05）;且部分指标在不同品种间有差别。结论普通级小型猪和SPF级小型猪部分血液学和血清生化指标等生物学特性存在显著差异。     

无菌猪生长、血液以及脏器相关指标的测定

目的建立无菌太湖猪多项生理数据背景资料。方法对4头25 d无菌猪和4头同窝普通级群体,雌雄比3∶1,测定并比较血液常规、生化、免疫球蛋白和主要脏器发育指标。运用异速生长建模,对主要脏器重量相对体重的异速生长进行了分析。结果 (1)无菌猪与普通级猪的12项血常规和8项血生化指标差异有显著性(P0.05);(2)无菌猪与普通级猪的平均体重、血清中Ig M表达量差异达到显著性水平(P0.05),且无菌猪缺少肠系膜淋巴结;(3)无菌猪的心脏、脾和胃与体重呈负异速生长(异速生长指数b1),肠道与体重的异速生长指数为1.78,为正异速生长;而普通级猪的心脏、胃和肠道与体重呈负异速生长(b1),肾与体重的异速生长指数最大,为1.20,呈正异速生长。结论微生物学等级差异影响了猪体重、血液及脏器、免疫系统的发育。     

不同周龄Balb/c小鼠脏器质量及其变化趋势分析

目的:测定不同周龄Balb/c小鼠主要脏器质量、脏器系数,并进行比较。方法:取120只3周龄、5周龄、7周龄的Balb/c小鼠,雌雄各半,精确测量小鼠体重和主要脏器质量,计算脏器系数。结果:①雌性与雄性Balb/c小鼠脏器质量相比较:3周龄时肝、脾有显著差异(P0.05);5周龄时肝有非常显著差异(P0.01),脾、肺有显著差异(P0.05);7周龄时肝、肺及双肾有非常显著差异(P0.01),心、脾有显著差异(P0.05)。②雌性与雄性Balb/c小鼠脏器系数相比较:3周龄时肝、脾有显著差异(P0.05);5周龄时肝、脾有非常显著差异(P0.01),膀胱有显著差异(P0.05);7周龄时肺、双肾有非常显著差异(P0.01),脾、膀胱有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:随着周龄的增长,Balb/c雌、雄性小鼠之间,存在差异的脏器也在增多。     

不同周龄Balb／c小鼠脏器质量及其变化趋势分析

目的：测定不同周龄Balb／c小鼠主要脏器质量、脏器系数,并进行比较。方法：取120只3周龄、5周龄、7周龄的Balb／c小鼠,雌雄各半,精确测量小鼠体重和主要脏器质量,计算脏器系数。结果：①雌性与雄性Balb／c小鼠脏器质量相比较：3周龄时肝、脾有显著差异（P〈0．05）;5周龄时肝有非常显著差异（P〈0．01）,脾、肺有显著差异（P〈0．05）;7周龄时肝、肺及双肾有非常显著差异（P〈0．01）,心、脾有显著差异（P〈0．05）。②雌性与雄性Balb／c小鼠脏器系数相比较：3周龄时肝、脾有显著差异（P〈0．05）;5周龄时肝、脾有非常显著差异（P〈0．01）,膀胱有显著差异（P〈0．05）;7周龄时肺、双肾有非常显著差异（P〈0．01）,脾、膀胱有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：随着周龄的增长,Balb／c雌、雄性小鼠之间,存在差异的脏器也在增多。     

C57-ras致癌性转基因小鼠模型的脏器及血液学参数

目的测定自主建立的致癌性转基因动物模型C57-ras小鼠的血液生理生化值和主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数并作统计学分析。方法选取同窝C57-ras转基因阳性和阴性小鼠,雌雄各半,采血,测量血液生理指标和血清生化指标,并称主要脏器重量。结果 C57-ras转基因阳性雌鼠和阴性雌鼠间比较,NEUT、NEUT%存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,PCT存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。C57-ras转基因阳性雄鼠和阴性雄鼠间比较,RBC、HCT、PLT、PCT存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,MON%存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。血清生化指标中,ALT和TG存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。主要脏器重量和脏器系数比较结果显示,除C57-ras转基因阳性雌鼠和阴性雌鼠在肺重量存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）外,其余均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论新建C57-ras致癌性转基因小鼠模型和正常C57BL/6小鼠的主要生物学特性基本一致,利于该模型在致癌性安全性评价等领域的实际应用。     

灰仓鼠重要内脏器官生长指数及其变化

对室内培育的灰仓鼠进行同一季节不同年龄段和同一年龄段不同季节某些器官的测量。结果显示, 在初生至25 d 的高速生长期, 体重与肝脏、心脏、肺、脾脏和肾的生长非常接近Huxley 的相对生长公式Y = b x^k , 其回归方程分别为: 肝脏Y = 0.013 47 x^{1.515 9} ; 心脏Y = 0.000 18 x^2.163 ; 肺Y = 0.028 48 x^{0.798 2} ; 脾脏Y = 0.000 24 x^{1.583 6} ; 肾脏Y = 0.000 2418 x^{2.310 4} , 并高度相关。睾丸的回归方程在60 日内与Y = b x^k公式非常拟合, Y = 0.000 0108 x^{3.049 4} , r = 0.989 9。除性腺外, 肝脏、心脏、肺、脾脏和肾脏的比值最高值均在25 d 之前。在性成熟期不同年龄段, 性腺比值较稳定, 其它器官比值在性别和年龄段有显著性差异, 雌性普遍高于雄性。在10 月龄不同季节, 只有体重和睾丸比值有显著性差异(7 月最高) , 表示在不同季节利用相近体重比较器官指数差异应将年龄因素作为重要参考依据。     

不同周龄SD大鼠脏器重量及其变化趋势分析

目的分析不同周龄SD大鼠的脏器重量及其变化趋势,为评判药物毒性反应提供理论参考。方法分别选取试验第13、26、52、78和104周对照组动物脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、睾丸、卵巢的重量数据并分析。结果从13～104周SD雌鼠脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、卵巢的重量呈升高趋势。从13～104周SD雄鼠脑、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏重量均重于雌鼠,但雌鼠肾上腺重量、脏体比和脏脑比均显著高于雄鼠。结论本研究首次在国内建立了符合我国实验动物现状的,不同周龄SD大鼠的脏器重量背景数据和参考值范围,并分析了不同周龄SD大鼠脏器重量变化趋势。     

The relationship between organ weights and body weights, facial dimensions, and dental dimensions in a population of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis)

Questions concerned with the relationship between organ weights and body weight on an intraspecific level are best answered by using a sample of animals collected in the wild from a single locale during a single season. The organ weights and body weights for this study were obtained from the necropsy reports prepared in the field (Athi Plain, Kenya) by H. C. McGill, Jr. on 36 adult animals (18 males and 18 females). Dental and facial measurements were taken by M.I. Siegel. In order to avoid erroneous results produced by statistical treatment of combined sex samples of sexually dimorphic species, data on the sexes were analyzed separately. Means and standard deviations are reported for selected organ weights and body dimensions (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, brain, and pancreas weights, crown–rump length, crown–heel length, head circumference, chest circumference, and body weight). All of the above measures were significantly (p<0.05) different between the sexes. Logarithms of these measures were significantly correlated with the logarithm of body weight in males for heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal weights, crown–heel length, and head and chest circumference, and in females for crown–heel length, heart, liver, and kidney weights. Partial correlational analysis, removing the effects of body size (weight), showed mostly negative correlational relationships between dental and visceral dimensions. Most of the correlations between facial and visceral dimensions were negative. Allometric equations were calculated for the dental, facial, and visceral dimensions versus body weight, and are compared with prior published results.     

Response of animals to dietary gramine. II. effects of feeding high‐gramine yellow lupin seeds on reproductive performance of rats and on selected hematological and biochemical parameters in offspring

Two groups of 26 male and 26 female rats at the initial age 30 ± 2 days were fed during 31 weeks on diets containing 20 percent of yellow lupin seeds having low (LG) or high (HG) gramine content. The animals were mated twice within nutritional groups, 1 male: 1 female, and their main reproductive parameters were recorded. In both reproductive cycles body weight of females at mating, after parturition and after 21‐days lactation was lower in HG than in LG group. Fertility rate and body weight of neonates were not affected by the diet while number of neonates per litter tended to be lower by 0.7 and 0.8 pups in HG than in LG group. Body weight of weaners was also substantially smaller in dams fed on HG than LG diet. Relative weight of spleen but not of liver, kidney and heart was significantly greater in HG females. Four weeks old males and females issued from the first litters born to LG and HG animals (ten males and ten females per treatment) were fed individually on respective diets during 3 weeks. Feed intake and growth rate did not differ between the treatments. In males relative weight of liver and testicles was greater, while hematocrit and red blood count were lower in HG than in LG group. In females organ weights did not differ. Activity of liver enzymes determined in males was not affected by the diet. It may be concluded that high‐gramine lupin affects negatively lactational performance, probably via lower feed intake, but it does not induce apparent teratogenic effects in the progeny.     

地锦粗提物对脾虚小鼠脏器指数和抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨地锦粗提物对脾虚小鼠脏器指数和抗氧化能力的影响,为防治脾虚提供参考。方法 30只昆明小鼠随机分成3组,每组10只,即对照组、脾虚组和地锦组。脾虚组和地锦组采用泻下加劳倦方法,灌服大承气汤30 g/(kg.d),并负重游泳,对照组灌服生理盐水30 g/(kg.d),不游泳,持续60 d,然后灌胃60 d,地锦组灌胃地锦水醇浸出液30 g/(kg.d),脾虚组和对照组给予相当剂量的生理盐水。实验结束后取心、肝、脾、肺、肾,称重并计算脏器指数,测血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,测心、肝、脾、肺、肾中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果脾虚组心指数和肺指数极显著增加,左肾指数显著增加,地锦组心指数显著增加。地锦组的血浆CAT和GSH-Px活力显著高于脾虚组,地锦组肝和脾中的SOD活力显著高于脾虚组,地锦组脾、肺MDA含量显著低于脾虚组。结论地锦粗提物可降低脾虚小鼠的脏器指数,并可提高脾虚小鼠抗氧化能力。     

Maturing patterns of organ weights in mice selected for rapid postweaning gain

Summary Correlated responses to selection for increased 3–6 week postweaning gain in male mice were estimated for seven internal organs (testes, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, small intestine (S intest) and stomach) weighed at specific degrees of maturity in body weight (37.5, 50.0, 62.5, 75.0, 87.5 and 100%). Correlated responses in organ weights were generally large, but the magnitude and direction of response depended upon whether 1) comparisons were made at the same age, degree of maturity or body weight and 2) absolute or proportional organ weights were used. The selected line (M16) weighed more and had larger organ weights than controls (ICR) when compared at either the same degree of maturity or the same age, indicating positive genetic correlations between body weight and the respective organ weights. Positive correlated responses were found in spleen weight/body weight at all degrees of maturity and in liver and S intest weights as a proportion of body weight at some degrees of maturity. Testes, kidneys, heart and stomach weights as a proportion of body weight had negative correlated responses, though this was consistent only for kidneys across all degrees of maturity. Correlated responses in organ weights adjusted for body weight by covariance analysis were positive for spleen, S intest and stomach and negative for testes and kidneys. Based on the constrained quadratic model, degree of maturity in organ weight relative to degree of maturity in body weight responded positively for testes, kidneys and S intest and negatively for spleen and liver. Selection for increased growth caused negative correlated responses in allometric growth of testes, kidneys, S intest and stomach.Paper No. 10,545 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, 27695-7601. The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service of the products named, nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned