1-MCP处理对金百合切花保鲜效应的研究

以金百合“普瑞头（Prato）”为试材,研究1-MCP对切花瓶插寿命及相关生理代谢的影响。结果表明：金百合“普瑞头（Prato）”为呼吸跃变型切花。30n1 L^-1的1-MCP能显著延长切花瓶插寿命2．15d、盛开天数增加0．43d,使其花径增大1．68倍（P〈0．01）;有效延缓了水分代谢的失调与呼吸峰的出现时间;明显降低了呼吸强度与细胞膜透性,为供试百合品种最适应用浓度。     

镧和钐对月季切花衰老的影响

0.5×10-3mol·L-1的La3+和Sm3+溶液均能改善月季切花体内的水分平衡,增加切花鲜重和维持花径大小,减少花瓣溶质外渗,维持细胞膜结构的稳定性,降低呼吸速率,使切花瓶插寿命延长2￣3d。     

青霉素和比久对月季切花保鲜效应的研究

切花保鲜的关键技术是降低水分的散失和防止营养亏缺。以月季为材料,采用室内瓶插的方法研究 了青霉素和比久对切花保鲜的效应。结果表明:含不同浓度青霉素和比久B9的保鲜剂均能延长月季切花的 瓶插寿命,增加切花鲜重,增大花径,提高花瓣过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,改善切花体内水分状况,维持花瓣膜 结构的相对稳定。青霉素处理对提高月季切花保鲜品质的效果好于B9。     

ZnCl2对月季切花的保鲜作用(简报)

用不同浓度ZnCl2溶液处理月季切花,以0.01%浓度保鲜效果最好,能延长切花瓶插寿命3d;同时,ZnCl2处理可使月季切花花枝硬挺,提高观赏价值。     

植酸对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响

用0.13％和0.013％植酸对月季切花进行处理,探讨了植酸对月季切花瓶插寿命及衰老过程中一些生理生化指标的影响.结果表明,013％和0.013％植酸处理的切花,瓶插寿命分别延长了2.3 d和1.4d.植酸处理抑制了O-2含量的增加和POD活性的提高,从而减轻了O-2对植物细胞的伤害即抑制丙二醛含量增加,同时抑制了可溶...     

玫瑰切花保鲜剂配方研究

以蔗糖(S)、8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)、柠檬酸(CA)为保鲜液的基本配方,分别加入CaCl2 、NaCl、Al2(SO4)3、CaCl2+KAl(SO4)2 组成四种保鲜液,进行玫瑰切花保鲜实验。对切花瓶插寿命、花径、水分平衡值、可溶性蛋白含量和还原糖含量进行分析。结果表明,各种配方保鲜液均能延长玫瑰切花的瓶插寿命、增大花径、改善切花水分代谢状况、降低切花蛋白质和还原糖的分解速度。其中,保鲜液2% S + 280 mg/L CA + 200 mg/L 8-HQ + 1% CaCl2的保鲜效果最好。     

无机盐对月季切花保鲜效应的研究

含不同无机盐的保鲜剂均能延长月季切花瓶插寿命,增加切花鲜重,增大花径,提高POD活性,改善切花体内水分状况,维持花瓣膜结构的相对稳定。其中以2％蔗糖 300mg／L 8-HQC 200mg／L Ca(N03)2效果最佳。     

6-苄基腺嘌呤和激动素对香石竹切花衰老的生理效应

6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和激动素（KT）均能改善香石竹切花体内的水分平衡,增加切花的鲜重,增大花径,提高过氧化物酶（POD）活性,延缓可溶性蛋白质含量下降以及丙二醛（MDA）含量和O2^-·于生成速率的增加,延长切花瓶插寿命2～3d。     

杀菌剂和低温贮藏对芍药切花保鲜及其生理变化的影响

利用杀菌剂及低温贮藏对切花芍药‘婴粟子’的抑菌效果、瓶插寿命、开花率及其生理变化进行了研究。结果表明,不同浓度杀菌剂均有一定的抑菌作用,并且处理Ⅲ（1000mg／kg甲基托布津＋1000mg／kg多菌灵）效果最好。预冷处理可以降低切花的呼吸速率,延长瓶插寿命和贮藏保鲜期。随着低温贮藏时间的延长,切花鲜重和开花率下降,花瓣的细胞膜透性和MDA含量增加,蛋白质含量下降,呼吸速率呈跃变型变化。     

满天星切花保鲜技术研究

本实验对化学药剂处理后满天星切花在瓶插期间的寿命、品质、PH值等进行了研究.结果表明,本实验所用的保鲜剂对满天星切花具有较好的保鲜效果.可生长其瓶插寿命3—5天,且能提高观赏品质和开花率;经保鲜剂处理后,切花显著增重;随着瓶插时间的延长,PH值有增大的趋;结合包装、致冷剂等其它处理,可使满天星切花保鲜10天左右.     

Role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in the control of female flowering in Cucurbita pepo

Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Trailing Marrow is monoecious, bearing separate male and female flowers and the first functional flowers are usually male. Treatment with 300 ppm ethephon delayed and greatly reduced male flower production and also increased female flower numbers. When plants were sprayed with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) no female flowers were produced but male flower production was unaffected. Even when ethephon was applied to AVG-treated plants there was still complete inhibition of female flower production. Similarly, AVG-treated plants subsequently exposed to 4000 ppm ethylene for two days never produced female flowers. AVG inhibits the penultimate stage in ethylene biosynthesis i.e. immediately before 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Although spraying AVG-treated plants with ACC did not reverse the inhibition, application of ACC via a cut petiole for a 72 h period following AVG application did cause female flowers to form. The evidence indicates that ACC and not ethylene is the factor controlling female flower production in C. pepo .     

喷施细胞分裂素对豇豆花荚脱落率及花荚酶活性的影响

以4个豇豆(Vigna unguiculata Linn.)品种‘鄂豇豆6号’、‘鄂豇豆2号’、‘鄂豇豆7号’和‘美国地豆’为材料,在现蕾期叶面喷施植物细胞分裂素(CTK),于喷施后第7、14、28、42 d测定脱落花荚的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和纤维素酶活性,并统计花荚脱落率和豇豆产量,研究CTK在豇豆生长发育过程中对花荚脱落的影响。结果显示,喷施CTK后,豇豆各品种的花荚脱落率均小于对照,豇豆产量均高于对照,且差异极显著(P0.01);喷施CTK后第14、28、42 d豇豆各品种脱落花荚的PG活性显著降低(P0.05);喷施CTK后第7 d各处理组脱落花荚的PG活性极显著降低(P0.01);喷施CTK后第7 d和第42 d豇豆各品种脱落花荚的纤维素酶活性显著降低(P0.05),喷施CTK后第14 d和第28 d各处理组脱落花荚的纤维素酶活性极显著降低(P0.01)。研究结果表明喷施CTK可调节脱落花荚的PG活性和纤维素酶活性,从而降低花荚脱落率,实现对豇豆产量的调控。     

外源乙烯及1-MCP对牡丹CTR基因表达的影响

采用RT-PCR法研究外源乙烯和1-MCP对牡丹品种洛阳红(Paeonia suffruticosa Luoyanghong)1级切花CTR基因家族3个成员基因表达的影响,以揭示乙烯在牡丹采后开花和衰老进程中的调控机制.结果表明,在花朵开放和衰老进程中,PsCTR1和PsCTR2类似组成型表达,PsCTR3随内源乙烯的增加表达增强.PsCTR2和PsCTR3表达受外源乙烯的促进,PsCTR1的表达仅在花朵开放后期受到外源乙烯的促进.1-MCP处理增加了PsCTR1和PsCTR2的表达,但对PsCTR3的表达起先促进后抑制的作用.复合处理的结果表明,1-MCP处理可以逆转乙烯处理对PsCTR1和PsCTR2的作用;在切花进入盛花期和衰老期后,乙烯处理可以逆转1-MCP处理对PsCTR1、PsCTR2和PsCTR3的作用.     

The effects of different external nitrate concentrations on growth of Avena sativa cv. Amuri treated with diclofop-methyl

Avena sativa cv. Amuri fed either low or high nitrate was sprayed with diclofop-methyl (1 kg a.i. ha^-1) at the three leaf stage. The short term effects of the herbicide on chlorophyll concentration of leaves (laminae) and short and long term effects on d.wt of the component plant parts were determined by comparison with unsprayed plants. For unsprayed and sprayed plants, total leaf d.wt approximately doubled during the first twelve days after commencing treatments. Growth was substantially greater at high nitrate than low nitrate. For unsprayed plants, the increase in total leaf d.wt was due primarily to growth of leaf 3 but for sprayed plants it was due to growth of leaves 1 and 2. Twelve days after commencing treatments, d.wt of leaves 1 and 2 was substantially greater for sprayed plants than for unsprayed plants given similar nitrate, while chlorophyll concentration was substantially less. Leaf 3 d.wt and chlorophyll concentration were substantially greater in unsprayed plants than in sprayed plants given similar nitrate. For unsprayed plants, values were greater at high nitrate than low nitrate, for sprayed plants the converse was the case. Forty nine days after commencing treatments, unsprayed plants had a greater total plant d.wt than sprayed plants given similar nitrate. Total plant d.wt for unsprayed plants was greater at high nitrate than low nitrate, the opposite was the case for sprayed plants. Unsprayed plants at both nitrate levels and sprayed plants given low nitrate produced seed heads but sprayed plants given high nitrate did not. Diclofop-methyl at a rate of 0.3 kg a.i. ha^-' stopped seed head production at high nitrate. Retention and uptake of diclofop-methyl were not significantly different at low and high nitrate. At 1 kg a.i. ha-^l diclofop-methyl, plants switched from low to high nitrate at spraying showed damage similar to that shown by plants given high nitrate throughout. Addition of 200 μg GA into the leaf sheaths two days prior to spraying increased the efficacy of diclofop-methyl at low nitrate. It is proposed that increased efficiency of diclofop-methyl at high nitrate is due to increased leaf damage caused by a greater rate of leaf expansion.     

The control of narcissus leaf diseases; Sclerotinia polyblastis Greg. on Narcissus tazetta var. Soleil d'Or

In the extreme south-west of England Narcissus tazetta grown for the outdoor flower crop is regularly attacked by narcissus fire ( Sclerotinia polyblastis ). A randomized strip experiment on the variety Soleil d'Or laid down in 1937, in which half the plots were sprayed each season, gave data on the effect of controlling this disease on the number and quality of flowers produced in 1939, 1940 and 1941, and on the weight and grade of bulbs lifted in 1941.
There was an average increase of 26 % in the number of flowers produced on sprayed plots, and a 35% increase in weight of bulbs. There was no evidence of a cumulative improvement because most of the gain in one year appears to have been immediately expended in increased flowers in the following season, but the sprayed plots maintained a higher general level throughout. The quality was improved by spraying, mainly by the addition to the inflorescence of an average of one extra 'bell'. Although not cumulative, there was a residual effect shown by the increased yield of bulbs in 1041 after a season in which only one post-flowering spray had been applied.
The effect of treatment on the date of flowering (anthesis) was negligible and its direction depended on the season. In this respect Soleil d'Or differs from Golden Spur, in which spraying induced the marked retardation of flowering noted in 1938 and 1939.     

Effect of Transpiration-reducing Chemicals on Growth, Flowering, and Stomatal Opening of Tomato Plants

Phenyl mercuric acetate, 8-hydroxyquinoline, N-dimethylamino succinamic acid, or 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride were sprayed on 37-day-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Sioux) plants seven times at weekly intervals. Plants of nearly normal appearance resulted with all treatments except 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. There was no change in leaf number, but 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride increased the number of flowers. 2-Chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and phenyl mercuric acetate caused earlier flowering. Yield was not affected significantly. Stomatal opening was reduced 80% immediately after spraying with phenyl mercuric acetate or 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, but 6 days after spraying, the reduction in stomatal opening was only 30 to 40%. Wilting was delayed 8 days by phenyl mercuric acetate and 4 days by 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid treatments, when water was withheld 59 days after the final spray application.     

Absorption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium from Nutrient Sprays by Leaves

Barley, Brussels sprout, French bean, tomato, and sugar-beetplants grown in soil in pots and sprayed, usually daily, forseveral weeks, with nutrient solutions containing nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium, and a spreader, with precautions to preventthe spray solution falling on the soil, had higher nutrientcontents and dry weights than control plants sprayed with waterand spreader only. Increase in nutrient content occurred withhigh or low levels of nutrient supply to the roots and was approximatelyproportional to the concentration of spray and to the frequencyof spraying. The nitrogen content of sugar-beet plants was increased equallyby spraying with solutions supplying ammonium sulphate, calciumnitrate, or urea in equivalent concentrations. Nutrient uptake from solutions sprayed on leaves influenceduptake by the roots so that the additional amounts of nutrientcontained in sprayed plants may be greater or smaller than theamount absorbed from the spray by the leaves.