‘黑杞一号’与野生黑果枸杞的酚类物质分析

以‘黑杞一号’和野生黑果枸杞为研究对象,对其总酚、总花色苷、总单宁、单体花色苷和非花色苷单体酚类物质进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)与野生黑果枸杞相比,‘黑杞一号’的总酚、总花色苷、总单宁含量分别高出14 250、390和3 330μg/g。(2)‘黑杞一号’和野生黑果枸杞中均检测出4种单体花色苷,包括双葡萄糖苷1种、咖啡酰化葡萄糖苷2种和香豆酰化葡萄糖苷1种,且‘黑杞一号’的4种单体花色苷均显著高于野生黑果枸杞,其中单体花色苷总量比野生黑果枸杞高116.88%(5 672.8μg/g),二甲花翠素咖啡酰化葡萄糖苷含量为野生黑果枸杞的14.93倍。(3)‘黑杞一号’和野生黑果枸杞中均检测到29种非花色苷单体酚,包括黄烷醇类7种、羟基苯甲酸类4种,黄酮醇类18种,并以原儿茶酸含量最高,但‘黑杞一号’非花色苷单体酚总量较野生黑果枸杞低51.42%(2.71μg/g)。     

盐胁迫下解钾菌对枸杞幼苗的促生效应

以‘宁杞1号’枸杞为研究对象,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,研究不添加NaCl和菌剂(CK)、100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫(NaCl)、100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下添加解钾菌KSBGY01单菌液(NaCl-M1)、KSBGY02单菌液(NaCl-M2)及其混合菌液(NaCl-M3)对枸杞幼苗叶片叶绿素、多酚、超氧阴离子(O₂^-·)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和可溶性糖含量、抗氧化物酶和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响,以探索解钾菌对盐胁迫下枸杞生理生化特性的影响。结果表明: 盐胁迫下解钾菌能够提高枸杞叶片类黄酮(FLAV)、荧光激发比花青素相对指数(FERARI)、花青素(ANTH-RB)和氮素平衡指数(NBI-G),降低O₂^-·和H₂O₂含量,增加可溶性糖含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和转化酶(INV)活性。不同处理间比较,NaCl-M2处理中枸杞叶片ANTH-RB值、NBI-G值、可溶性糖含量及CAT、SPS、SS和INV活性最高;NaCl-M3处理中枸杞叶片叶绿素含量、FLAV和FERARI值最高;NaCl-M1处理中枸杞叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最高;不添加解钾菌的NaCl处理中枸杞叶片谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性最高;CK处理中枸杞叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高。对枸杞幼苗14项生理生化指标进行灰色系统关联度分析表明,盐胁迫条件下添加解钾菌处理的枸杞生理生化指标加权关联度均高于CK和NaCl处理,其中NaCl-M2处理的加权关联度最高。因此,添加KSBGY02单菌液更有利于缓解盐胁迫对枸杞幼苗的影响。     

外源ABA对楸树幼苗NaCl胁迫的缓解效应及其生长生理响应特征

以2年生楸树(苏楸1号和008-1)扦插苗为材料,采用盆栽试验法,分析盐胁迫(0.5%NaCl)处理下楸树幼苗生长、生理的变化,并分析不同浓度外源ABA(15、25、35 mg/L)对盐胁迫(30 d)楸树幼苗的缓解效应及其生理生化特性,以探索重度盐胁迫下适合楸树幼苗生长的适宜外源ABA浓度,为增强盐碱地楸树的耐盐性、提高盐碱地的利用提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)0.5%NaCl胁迫下,两品种楸树幼苗叶片表现出不同程度的盐害症状,且‘苏楸1号’叶片盐害症状较‘008-1’严重;随胁迫时间延长,两品种楸树幼苗的相对电导率(REC)均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,叶绿素(Chl)、相对含水量(RWC)均呈降低趋势,可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,但‘008-1’的REC显著低于‘苏楸1号’,Chl、RWC、SS、SP、Pro、SOD均显著高于苏楸1号,表明‘008-1’的耐盐性较‘苏楸1号’更强。(2)喷施外源ABA使得盐胁迫下‘008-1’楸树的苗高显著增加、新叶提前萌发,表明外源ABA在一定程度上能够缓解盐胁迫对楸树生长的影响;喷施外源ABA降低了盐胁迫下‘008-1’楸树幼苗叶片的REC,提高了Chl、RWC、SS、SP、Pro、SOD、过氧化物酶(POD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,促进了内源激素生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)以及玉米素核苷(ZR)的积累。研究表明,楸树品种‘008-1’的耐盐性更强;外源喷施适宜浓度ABA能够缓解盐胁迫对楸树幼苗生长的影响,降低幼苗叶片细胞膜透性,促进幼苗渗透调节物质的积累,增强渗透调节能力,并提高盐胁迫下幼苗的抗氧化酶活性,促进植物对内源激素含量的调节,从而提高楸树的耐盐性,且以25 mg/L ABA处理的效果最好。     

NaCl与干旱双重胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源水杨酸的生理响应

干旱、盐分已成为限制植物生长发育的主要因子,在干旱与NaCl双重胁迫下植物的生长发育受到一定影响。为了探究黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）对盐旱逆境的适应性,该文采用盆栽试验,研究NaCl与干旱胁迫共同作用对其幼苗生长的影响,并观察盐旱逆境下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源水杨酸（SA）的生理响应,探究提高NaCl与干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗的存活率。结果表明：外源SA(0.1、0.5 mmol·L^-1)处理下,盐旱双重胁迫下黑果枸杞叶内可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量有所增加,而丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性上升,且0.5 mmol·L^-1 SA处理效果优于0.1 mmol·L^-1 处理。综上结果可知,黑果枸杞对于轻度盐旱胁迫具有一定的适应能力,适宜浓度SA可提高盐旱逆境中黑果枸杞叶内渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性,该研究为进一步了解盐旱双重胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗的生长发育提供相关理论依据。     

宁夏枸杞果皮蜡质微形态及蜡质组分研究北大核心CSCD

果实制干是宁夏枸杞炮制的主要过程,宁夏枸杞不同品种在制干特性方面存在一定的差异。该研究以宁夏枸杞栽培中制干差异较大的品种‘宁杞1号’(易制干)和‘宁杞5号’(不易制干)果实为材料,采用扫描电镜技术和GC-MS技术对2个宁夏枸杞品种不同发育时期(青果期、色变期、成熟期)的果实果皮结构以及果皮蜡质微形态、含量和组分进行了观测,从果皮蜡质微形态及组分的积累变化初步揭示枸杞果皮蜡质的积累规律,以明确不同枸杞品种果皮蜡质组分差异,为不同品种适宜促干剂的筛选以及促干剂的合理使用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞5号’枸杞表皮细胞外侧细胞壁均呈现脊状突起的结构,在果实青果期脊状突起不连续,脊和脊之间排列紧密;随着发育时期的延后,脊状突起的连续性逐渐增强,且脊与脊之间的间距逐渐变宽,蜡质呈膜状覆盖于凸起的脊和两脊之间的沟内。(2)‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞5号’两个枸杞品种在果实发育过程中,果皮单位面积蜡质含量均呈先下降后上升的趋势,在成熟期单位面积蜡质含量最高,且‘宁杞1号’3个发育时期果皮单位面积蜡质含量均高于同期‘宁杞5号’,呈现出与扫描电镜观察到的蜡质分布基本一致的变化趋势。(3)2个品种3个时期的果实表皮蜡质组分均由烷烃类、酮类、醇类、酸类、醛类、酯类和碘代烷烃类组成,两品种青果期和色变期果皮蜡质组分相同,主要由烷烃类、醇类和碘代烷烃类组成,它们成熟期的果皮蜡质组分主要由烷烃类、醇类和酯类组成。(4)主成分分析结果显示,3个生育时期‘宁杞5号’果皮蜡质组分多为烷烃类物质,较‘宁杞1号’更利于阻挡果实水分的散失。研究发现,影响枸杞果实制干的原因在于枸杞果皮蜡质含量、结构和蜡质组分,烷烃类组分能够有效阻止果实体内水分的散失,‘宁杞5号’果皮蜡质中烷烃组分含量更高,果皮保水性更强,致果实不易制干。     

干旱胁迫对宁夏枸杞叶片蔗糖代谢及光合特性的影响

以宁夏枸杞品种‘宁杞1号’为材料,采用防雨棚内盆栽控水法研究了轻度干旱(LD)、中度干旱(MD)、重度干旱(SD)和正常灌水(CK)4种土壤水分条件下枸杞叶片糖分含量、蔗糖代谢酶活性和光合参数的响应规律,为宁夏枸杞在干旱地区高产栽培提供参考依据。结果显示:(1)干旱胁迫降低了枸杞青果期叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量,轻度干旱胁迫可提高枸杞色变期叶片果糖和蔗糖含量,而成熟期叶片淀粉含量则随着干旱加重而升高。(2)干旱胁迫降低了青果期枸杞叶片中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)的活性,降低了色变期和成熟期叶片酸性转化酶(AI)和SS的活性,但提高了色变期和成熟期叶片NI的活性。(3)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)呈降低趋势,瞬时水分利用率(WUE)呈现:LD>CK>SD>MD的变化趋势。研究认为,轻度干旱胁迫能促进宁夏枸杞成熟期叶片蔗糖积累和水分利用率提高,有利于更多光合同化物输送到果实中。     

盐胁迫下不同葡萄砧木的渗透调节及抗氧化能力

该研究以13种葡萄砧木品种为材料,采用盆栽试验用100 mmol/L NaCl的1/2 Hoaglands营养液浇灌处理,以葡萄砧木无盐胁迫为对照,待砧木长至20片完全展开叶后测定各品种叶片的相对电导率、渗透调节物质含量、MDA含量、活性氧含量、抗氧化酶活性等指标,探究不同葡萄砧木耐盐能力及其机制。结果显示：(1)至盐胁迫处理结束时,葡萄砧木 ‘188 08’、‘3309C’、‘140R’的处理组叶片近乎完全脱落,‘贝达’、‘5BB’、‘Dogridge’有少部分叶片脱落,而‘101 14’和‘110R’叶枯现象最少。(2)盐胁迫条件下,耐盐性较差的品种‘3309C’和‘140R’叶片相对电导率均大于90%,而耐盐性较强的品种‘101 14’和‘110R’的叶片相对电导率在60%左右;随着盐胁迫处理天数的增加,‘110R’的MDA含量呈明显的上升趋势。(3)盐胁迫条件下,耐盐性较强的品种‘101 14’和‘110R’积累了较多的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸等渗透调节物质,而耐盐性弱的品种‘3309C’则积累了较多的活性氧,引起明显的脂膜过氧化,严重影响砧木的正常代谢。(4)在盐胁迫条件下,耐盐品种‘101 14’的SOD、POD等抗氧化酶活性显著提高,有效清除体内过量的活性氧,从而维持细胞膜的稳定性。研究发现,葡萄砧木品种‘101 14’、‘110R’在盐胁迫下能积极积累较多渗透调节物质,增强自身抗氧化酶活性,表现出较强的渗透调节和抗氧化能力,有效抵御盐胁迫造成的伤害,可作为西北盐渍化地区葡萄栽培的砧木品种。     

不同黄瓜品种幼苗对等渗Mg（NO3）2和NaCl胁迫的生理响应

以3个不同类型的黄瓜品种为试材,采用营养液培养方法,研究等渗Mg(NO3)2和Na Cl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节物质的影响,采用隶属函数法对其耐盐性进行综合评价.结果表明:与对照相比,60、80 mmol·L-1Mg(NO3)2和等渗90、120 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,随盐浓度的增加,3种不同生态类型的黄瓜品种幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部和地下部干鲜质量及抗氧化酶活性显著降低,盐浓度越高,受抑制程度越高,丙二醛含量显著升高、增幅变大,膜脂过氧化程度加重,其中‘SJ31-1’的生物量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降幅度及丙二醛含量上升幅度均小于其他品种.等渗浓度的Mg(NO3)2比Na Cl对黄瓜幼苗的抑制程度大,浓度越大差异越显著.脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量变化存在基因型和盐类型的差异.盐胁迫后,‘SJ31-1’的脯氨酸含量增幅最大,‘鲁白19号’的可溶性糖含量增幅最大,‘新泰密刺’介于两者之间.Na Cl胁迫下,不同黄瓜品种渗透调节物质以可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白为主,而Mg(NO3)2胁迫下以脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白为主.不同黄瓜品种耐盐性的综合评价次序为‘SJ31-1’>‘新泰密刺’>‘鲁白19号’.     

等渗Ca（NO3）2和NaCl胁迫对黄瓜砧用南瓜幼苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响

以黄瓜砧用黑籽南瓜和白籽南瓜幼苗为材料,通过营养液栽培研究了等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对南瓜幼苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,不同盐胁迫下两砧木幼苗生长和抗氧化系统活性均受到不同程度抑制;与黑籽南瓜相比,白籽南瓜‘青砧1号’植株的生物量和SOD、POD和CAT活性均较高,而盐害指数、膜相对透性、MDA含量及O2.-产生速率则明显降低。等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl对两砧木南瓜幼苗的盐胁迫效应不同,Ca(NO3)2胁迫对砧木生长的抑制作用及盐害指数、膜相对透性、MDA含量、O2.-产生速率均小于等渗的NaCl处理,而其SOD、POD、CAT活性高于NaCl处理。可见,白籽南瓜‘青砧1号’具有较强的生长势和有效清除体内活性氧能力,有效降低膜质过氧化伤害程度,这是其耐盐性高于黑籽南瓜的重要原因;Ca(NO3)2处理使两砧木幼苗细胞受氧化损伤程度较轻,对植株生长的抑制程度明显低于等渗的NaCl。     

盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗根系脯氨酸和多胺代谢的影响

以2个黄瓜品种‘长春密刺’(抗盐性较强)和‘津春2号’(抗盐性较弱)为材料,采用营养液栽培,研究了盐胁迫对幼苗根系脯氨酸(Pro)和多胺(PAs)代谢的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫能提高黄瓜幼苗根系吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性,抑制脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性,从而显著增加Pro含量,且‘长春密刺’变化幅度显著大于‘津春2号’;盐胁迫下,‘长春密刺’根系精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)活性升高幅度显著大于‘津春2号’,而多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性升高幅度显著低于‘津春2号’,引起其根系内亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量显著增加;盐胁迫下,2品种根系腐胺(Put)含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,随着Put积累降低,Pro含量显著增加。可见,盐胁迫诱导根系较高的Pro、Spd和Spm积累有利于提高黄瓜幼苗对盐胁迫逆境的适应能力,盐胁迫下PAs代谢和Pro代谢密切相关,Put的积累一定程度上促进了Pro含量的增加。     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Analysis of twin of eyeless regulation during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

The Drosophila Pax6 homolog twin of eyeless (toy) is so far the first zygotically expressed gene involved in eye morphogenesis in Drosophila. The study of its expression during embryogenesis is therefore informative of the initial events of eye development in Drosophila. We have analyzed how the initial expression domain of toy at cellular blastoderm is regulated. We show that the three maternal patterning systems active in the cephalic region (the anterior, terminal and dorsal-ventral systems) cooperate with zygotically activated gap genes to shape the initial expression domain of toy. Whereas Bicoid, Dorsal and Torso signaling synergistically act as activators, Hunchback, Knirps and Decapentaplegic act as repressors.     

Host plants of someRhinanthoideae (Scrophulariaceae) of eastern North America

Twenty three species in 11 genera were examined in the field to determine hosts. OnlyStriga asiatica andSeymeria cassioides have a narrow host range being restricted to grasses and pines, respectively. These are the only species which cause pronounced and sometimes serious host damage. The other species attach to a great diversity of hosts.     

Apoptotic Regulation of Caspase Activity

Intracellular cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play both signaling and effector roles in realizing the program of cell death. Caspases function as proteolytic cascades unique for each cell type and signal triggering apoptosis. All parts of the proteolytic cascades are duplicated and controlled by feedback signals. Amplification cycles between pairs of caspases (the third and the sixth, the ninth and the third, the twelfth and the sixth, and others) help multiply the initial apoptotic signal. The presence of physiological inhibitors of apoptosis that directly interact with caspases creates a multilevel regulatory network of apoptosis in cell. The caspase proteolytic cascades are also regulated by sphingolipid secondary messengers, among them ceramide, sphingosine, and their phosphates. Moreover, an association of the caspase signaling with ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is shown in cells. In particular, the use of extracellular activators and inhibitors of caspases allows irreversible activation of apoptosis in tumor cells or the prevention of apoptosis in cortical neurons under neurodegenerative diseases.     

广西青藓科分类学修订

通过对采自广西24个县(市)的1 147份青藓科植物标本的逐一鉴定及相关文献的查阅,确认有广西青藓科植物11属、44种,其中包括广西青藓科植物新记录属1属,即拟异叶藓属(Pseudokindbergia),新记录种7种,分别为匐枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)、阔叶尖喙藓(Oxyrrhynchium latifolium)、泛生尖喙藓(O. vagans)、拟异叶藓(Pseudokindbergia dumosa)、华东细喙藓(Rhynchostegiella sinensis)、长肋拟青藓(Sciurohypnum populeum)和弯叶拟青藓(S. reflexum)。该文提供了修订后的广西青藓科植物名录,并对其中的新记录属、种的主要形态学识别特征、生境和地理分布等进行了详细描述。     

The effect of cyanobacteria and azolla on the performance of rice under different levels of fertilizer nitrogen

Cyanobacteria and/or azolla were inoculated, with urea at 0, 72 or 144 kg N/ha, in plots in which azolla-free Indica rice var. IR 28 was grown. Productive tillers, yield and nitrogen contents of grain and straw positively responded to inoculation with cyanobacteria or azolla, even with fertilizer-N up to 144 kg N/ha. Inoculation improved colonization by cyanobacteria. Azolla were superior to the asymbiotic cyanobacteria in enhancing rice performance. Urea at a rate of 72 kg N/ha was found to support the best colonizations when applied with cyanobacteria or azolla or, to give maximum rice yields, both inoculants.     

Evaluation of antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of the resin glycosides and the other metabolites of Scrophularia cryptophila

Resin glycosides are secondary metabolites exclusive to the convolvulaceous plants. In this study, crypthophilic acids A–C (1–3), the first resin glycosides occurring in another family (Scrophulariaceae), and the other constituents of Scrophularia cryptophila were examined for in vitro antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial potentials. Except for crypthophilic acid B (2), all tested compounds exhibited growth-inhibitory effect against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, with l-tryptophan (6) and buddlejasaponin III (7) being the most potent ones (IC₅₀'s 4.1 and 9.7 μg/ml). In contrast, the activity towards Trypanosoma cruzi was poor, and only crypthophilic acid C (3), 6 and 7 were trypanocidal at concentrations above 40 μg/ml. With the exception of 2 and 6, all compounds were active against Leishmania donovani. Harpagide (4) and 3 emerged as the best leishmanicidal agents (IC₅₀'s 2.0 and 5.8 μg/ml). Only compounds 3, 6 and 7 showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ values of 4.2, 16.6 and 22.4 μg/ml. Overall the best and broadest spectrum activity was presented by compounds 3 and 7, as they inhibited all four parasitic protozoa. None of the isolates had significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MICs >100 μg/ml) or were toxic towards mammalian (L6) cells. This is the first report of antiprotozoal activity for natural resin glycosides, as well as for harpagide (4), acetylharpagide (5), tryptophan (6) and buddlejasaponin III (7).