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1.
硒蛋白的分子生物学研究进展   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
已有35种硒蛋白被分离和表征,但许多硒蛋白及其功能仍未完全阐明.硒半胱氨酸(Sec)作为参入蛋白质的第21种氨基酸,由硒蛋白mRNA上的UGA编码.在原核生物,Sec参入硒蛋白的复杂机制已经较为明确,需要四种基因产物(SELA、SELB、SELC和SELD)和一个存在于硒蛋白mRNA上的被称为Sec插入序列(SECIS)的茎环(stem loop)样二级结构.在真核生物,硒蛋白生物合成途径可能在SECIS的结构和位置、特异的延伸因子及其他RNA-RNA或RNA-蛋白质因子之间的相互作用等方面与原核生物不同.另外,哺乳动物硒蛋白mRNA上的UGA翻译为Sec的过程低效,特定位点的UGA密码子不同功能(终止密码和Sec密码)的调控可能是硒蛋白表达低效的关键.  相似文献   

2.
克隆鉴定猪硒蛋白Sep15基因( Sep15 ),将其突变实现原核表达,为以猪为模型研究Sep15功能奠定基础。实验以RT-PCR从猪脾总RNA扩增出含开放阅读框(ORF)至poly(A)共1230 bp的 Sep15 cDNA,3'-非翻译区Sec插入元件为2型,489 bp的ORF及对应氨基酸序列与人相应序列的相似度分别为85.1%和92.7%,ORF含一个硒代半胱氨酸(Sec)密码子TGA,定点突变为半胱氨酸(Cys)的TGC后,经载体pET30转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),0.4 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达3 h获得融合表达产物;该产物在Western blot检测中与人Sep15 Sec下游肽段的商品化多抗产生特异性免疫印迹。猪 Sep15 被首次成功克隆并鉴定,其Cys突变体的原核表达产物与人Sep15 C-端抗体存在交叉免疫反应。  相似文献   

3.
粘虫β-actin基因cDNA的克隆、序列分析及表达量检测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李柯  阴环  奚耕思  廉振民 《昆虫知识》2010,47(6):1089-1094
β-actin基因作为actin家族的一员,在基因定量实验中常用作内参基因。本实验运用RT-PCR和RACE技术,以粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)cDNA为模板,对β-actin基因进行克隆获得全长cDNA序列,并利用生物信息学方法,对β-actin基因全长cDNA序列及推测得到的β-actin蛋白序列进行分析。结果表明,获得的粘虫核β-actin基因cDNA序列长度为1 472 bp,其中包括68 bp的5′非编码区、273 bp的3′非编码区和1 131 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个376个氨基酸蛋白,具有actin蛋白家族典型特征。推测得到的粘虫β-actin蛋白理论分子量为41.7497 ku,等电点为5.29,富含6种类型的特定功能位点。该蛋白序列与其他动物β-actin蛋白序列具有97.9%~99.7%高度同源性。β-actin表达量检测结果显示β-actin在6种不同组织间表达无显著差异(P>0.05),表明β-actin可作为研究粘虫不同基因表达水平高低的可靠内参基因。该基因的cDNA序列已经递交GenBank并获得登录号为GQ856238。  相似文献   

4.
硒蛋白的生物合成与调控   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
硒蛋白是硒以硒半胱氨酸(Sec)形式参入形成的蛋白质。Sec作为参入蛋白质的第21种氨基酸,由硒蛋白mRNA上的UGA编码。在原核生物中,Sec参入硒蛋白的相关因子及其参入机制已基本阐明,Sec在SELA、SELB、SELC、SELD及Sec插入序列(SECIS)等的共同作用下参入到蛋白质中。在真核生物中,Sec参入硒蛋白的可能途径是:Ser-tRNA‘^[Ser]Sec。通过磷酸丝氨酰-tRNA^[Ser]Sec。最终转变为Sec-tRNA^[Ser]Sec,并在延伸因子及相关蛋白质因子的作用下参入到硒蛋白中。硒蛋白的合成在翻译前水平、mRNA水平、供硒水平等都受到相应的调控。  相似文献   

5.
草莓β-半乳糖苷酶基因FaTβgal的克隆与表达分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周厚成  李刚  赵霞  郭蔼光 《西北植物学报》2015,35(12):2385-2390
利用SSH和RACE技术,从‘丰香’草莓果实中分离了1个草莓β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)基因,命名为FaTβgal。FaTβgal基因cDNA序列全长2 891bp,ORF区2 448bp,编码815个氨基酸,含有保守序列GGPIILSQIENEY和凝集素结构域。FaTβgal推导氨基酸序列与已报道的3个草莓β-Gal基因Faβgal1(CAC44500)、Faβgal2(CAC44501)、Faβgal3(CAC44502)氨基酸序列有47.1%~48.1%的相似性。与其它物种24个β-Gal基因聚类分析表明,FaTβgal聚在一个独立的分枝上。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对FaTβgal基因在果实发育成熟过程中的表达分析表明,该基因在果实中特异表达,随着果实成熟表达量升高,粉红期达到峰值,全红期迅速下降;2个软硬不同的品种表达模式趋于一致。研究认为,FaTβgal基因是β-Gal基因家族的一个新基因,该基因可能在果实成熟软化过程中发挥作用。  相似文献   

6.
作为小GTP酶Arf6的鸟甘酸交换因子(GEF),人EFA6A蛋白主要包含PH和Sec7两个结构域,Sec7是行使GEF功能的核心区域。通过分析Jpred、Uniprot等生物信息学软件的预测结果,从全长1 024 aa中选取的重组Sec7结构域的边界为506-719,共214 aa。以人脑cDNA文库为模板,通过优化PCR程序成功扩增出Sec7基因,经NdeI和XhoI双酶切后亚克隆至原核表达载体p28a中,成功构建p28-Sec7重组子,测序结果与NCBI中公布的序列100%吻合。将重组质粒p28-Sec7转化至BL21-Gold(DE3)宿主菌中,终浓度0.3 mmol/L IPTG、16℃、24 h诱导表达,重组蛋白经过Ni柱和分子筛两步纯化。试验结果显示,重组Sec7成功表达,性质均一,纯度高于95%,表达量为70 mg/L。  相似文献   

7.
微管蛋白基因(Tubulin)具有高度的保守性,常作为目标基因相对表达量研究时的内参基因.本研究旨在通过构建蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)RcTUBβ1基因的原核表达载体pET32a(+)-RcTUBβ1并优化表达工艺以表达融合蛋白His-RcTUBβ1.以蓖麻雌花为材料,通过RT-PCR技术,扩增得到含酶切位点BamHⅠ和Xho Ⅰ 的 RcTUBβ1 基因(GenBank Accession number:XM_002509734.3)的ORF 序列,经双酶切构建原核表达载体pET32a(+)-RcTUBβ1,将pET32a(+)-RRcTUBβ1转化到大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,并考察诱导时间、诱导温度、诱导IPTG浓度对表达的影响.结果表明,所获得的蓖麻RcTTUBβ1 ORF序列与GenBank中的序列一致,长度为1 341 bp,未发生移码突变.IPTG可诱导产生分子量约为68kDa的融合蛋白,最优表达条件为诱导温度28℃、诱导时间7 h和IPTG 0.5 mmol/L,融合蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在.这为纯化融合蛋白以制备其抗体,用以研究RcTUBβ1的免疫组织化学分布及时空表达模式提供了基础.  相似文献   

8.
根据水稻β-1,4-糖苷酶(korrigan)基因的保守区序列设计引物,以毛竹cDNA为模板,采用PCR方法,成功扩增出1个含有完整阅读框架的cDNA序列,长度为2191bp,共编码617个氨基酸,将其命名为PeKOR基因。其氨基酸序列分析的结果表明,PeKOR与其他β-1,4-糖苷酶有较高的同源性,同水稻序列相似性高达91%,且其序列具有典型的Glycosyl hydrolase9super family结构域,推测此PeKOR为毛竹β-1,4-糖苷酶基因。在竹笋中采用半定量方法研究该基因的表达情况,结果表明该基因在高温条件下表达量较低温条件下明显升高。  相似文献   

9.
旨在明确光棘球海胆(Mesocentrotus nudus)转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factorβ,TGF-β)基因的序列及结构信息,探明该基因在海水酸化胁迫下的表达模式。利用同源克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术首次获得光棘球海胆TGF-β基因(命名为MnTGF-β)的全长cDNA序列。结果显示:(1)光棘球海胆TGF-β基因的cDNA全长为2 299 bp,其中5'非编码区长度为745 bp,3'非编码区长度为261 bp;开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1 290 bp,编码430个氨基酸,相对分子量为48.31 kD,理论等电点为5.34。(2)同源性及系统进化分析显示,光棘球海胆MnTGF-β蛋白序列与紫球海胆(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)SpTGF-β2蛋白序列高度保守(同源性97.69%)。(3)实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测发现,MnTGF-β基因在光棘球海胆性腺、体腔液、肠、围口膜、管足5种组织中均有表达,其相对表达量从高到低依次为:管足围口膜肠体腔液性腺。(4)与自然海水组(pH 8.06±0.01)相比,当海水△pH为-0.3时,随酸化时间延长,MnTGF-β基因在光棘球海胆性腺中的相对表达量呈先升高而后极显著降低(P0.01)再极显著升高(P0.01)趋势,在管足中的相对表达量呈现极显著上调趋势(P0.01),而在肠组织中的相对表达量则先极显著降低(P0.01)而后显著升高(P0.05);当海水△pH为-0.4和-0.5时,随酸化时间的延长,MnTGF-β基因在光棘球海胆性腺和管足中的相对表达量呈现先降低后升高的趋势,而在肠组织中的相对表达量则呈现极显著降低趋势(P0.01)。  相似文献   

10.
豌豆核基质结合区的分离及其在转基因烟草中的功能分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
从豌豆基因组中分离出一段具有核基质结合区(matrix attachment region,MAR)特征的DNA序列,与已知序列相比,获得的序列中部缺失了115bp的重复序列.重复序列上、下游两段序列与已知序列相对应的序列有较高的同源性,并具有A-box,T-box和TATAAA等典型的MAR序列特征.为验证此DNA序列的功能,以β-葡糖醛酸酶(β-glucuronidase,GUS)基因(uidA)作报导基因构建了植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转化了烟草.GUS定量检测表明,由于此DNA序列的存在,uidA基因的平均表达水平提高了2倍,最高的单株可达6倍.上述结果表明,该DNA具有MAR序列的特征序列,并且具有增加转基因表达的功能.  相似文献   

11.
The Sec61p complex forms the core element of the protein translocation complex (translocon) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) membrane. Translating or nontranslating ribosomes bind with high affinity to ER membranes that have been stripped of ribosomes or to liposomes containing purified Sec61p. Here we present evidence that the beta subunit of the complex (Sec61beta) makes contact with nontranslating ribosomes. A fusion protein containing the Sec61beta cytoplasmic domain (Sec61beta(c)) prevents the binding of ribosomes to stripped ER-derived membranes and also binds to ribosomes directly with an affinity close to the affinity of ribosomes for stripped ER-derived membranes. The ribosome binding activity of Sec61beta(c), like that of native ER membranes, is sensitive to high salt concentrations and is not based on an unspecific charge-dependent interaction of the relatively basic Sec61beta(c) domain with ribosomal RNA. Like stripped ER membranes, the Sec61beta(c) sequence binds to large ribosomal subunits in preference over small subunits. Previous studies have shown that Sec61beta is inessential for ribosome binding and protein translocation, but translocation is impaired by the absence of Sec61beta, and it has been proposed that Sec61beta assists in the insertion of nascent proteins into the translocation pore. Our results suggest a physical interaction of the ribosome itself with Sec61beta; this may normally occur alongside interactions between the ribosome and other elements of Sec61p, or it may represent one stage in a temporal sequence of binding.  相似文献   

12.
The Sec61 protein translocation complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is composed of three subunits. The alpha-subunit, called Sec61p in yeast, is a multispanning membrane protein that forms the protein conducting channel. The functions of the smaller, carboxyl-terminally tail-anchored beta subunit Sbh1p, its close homologue Sbh2p, and the gamma subunit Sss1p are not well understood. Here we show that co-translational protein translocation into the ER is reduced in sbh1Delta sbh2Delta cells, whereas there is a limited reduction of post-translational translocation and no effect on export of a mutant form of alpha-factor precursor for ER-associated degradation in the cytosol. The translocation defect and the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of sbh1Delta sbh2Delta cells were rescued by expression of the transmembrane domain of Sbh1p alone, and the Sbh1p transmembrane domain was sufficient for coimmunoprecipitation with Sec61p and Sss1p. Furthermore, we show that Sbh1p co-precipitates with the ER transmembrane protein Rtn1p. Sbh1p-Rtn1p complexes do not appear to contain Sss1p and Sec61p. Our results define the transmembrane domain as the minimal functional domain of the Sec61beta homologue Sbh1p in ER translocation, identify a novel interaction partner for Shb1p, and imply that Sbh1p has additional functions that are not directly linked to protein translocation in association with the Sec61 complex.  相似文献   

13.
Import of secretory proteins into the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an established function of the Sec61 channel. The contribution of the Sec61 channel to export of misfolded proteins from the ER for degradation by proteasomes is still controversial, but the proteasome 19S regulatory particle (RP) is necessary and sufficient for extraction of specific misfolded proteins from the ER, and binds directly to the Sec61 channel. In this work we have identified an import-competent sec61 mutant, S353C, carrying a point mutation in ER-lumenal loop 7 which reduces affinity of the cytoplasmic face of the Sec61 channel for the 19S RP. This indicates that the interaction between the 19S RP and the Sec61 channel is dependent on conformational changes in Sec61p hinging on loop 7. The sec61-S353C mutant had no measurable ER import defects and did not cause ER stress in intact cells, but reduced ER-export of a 19S RP-dependent misfolded protein when proteasomes were limiting in a cell-free assay. Our data suggest that the interaction between the 19S RP and the Sec61 channel is essential for the export of specific substrates from the ER to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation.  相似文献   

14.
Misfolded secretory proteins are transported across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane into the cytosol for degradation by proteasomes. A large fraction of proteasomes in a cell is associated with the ER membrane. We show here that binding of proteasomes to ER membranes is salt sensitive, ATP dependent, and mediated by the 19S regulatory particle. The base of the 19S particle, which contains six AAA-ATPases, binds to microsomal membranes with high affinity, whereas the 19S lid complex binds weakly. We demonstrate that ribosomes and proteasomes compete for binding to the ER membrane and have similar affinities for their receptor. Ribosomes bind to the protein conducting channel formed by the Sec61 complex in the ER membrane. We co-precipitated subunits of the Sec61 complex with ER-associated proteasome 19S particles, and found that proteoliposomes containing only the Sec61 complex retained proteasome binding activity. Collectively, our data suggest that the Sec61 channel is a principal proteasome receptor in the ER membrane.  相似文献   

15.
Secretory proteins are translocated across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane through a channel formed by three proteins, namely Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p (Johnson, A. E., and van Waes, M. A. (1999) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 15, 799-842). Sec61p and Sss1p are essential for translocation (Esnault, Y., Blondel, M. O., Deshaies, R. J., Schekman, R., and Kepes, F. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 4083-4093). Sec61p is a polytopic membrane protein that lines the protein translocation channel. The role of Sss1p is unknown. During import into the ER through the Sec61p channel, many proteins are N-glycosylated before translocation is completed. In addition, both the Sec61 channel and oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) copurify with ribosomes from rough ER, suggesting that OST is located in close proximity to the Sec61 channel (Gorlich, D., Prehn, S., Hartmann, E., Kalies, K.-U., and Rapoport, T. A. (1992) Cell 71, 489-503 and Wang, L., and Dobberstein, B. (1999) FEBS Lett. 457, 316-322). Here, we demonstrate a direct interaction between Sss1p and a subunit of OST, Wbp1p, using the split-ubiquitin system and co-immunoprecipitation. We generated mutants in the cytoplasmic domain of Sss1p that disturb the interaction with OST and are viable but display a translocation defect specific for proteins with glycosylation acceptor sites. Our data suggest that Sss1p coordinates translocation across the ER membrane and N-linked glycosylation of secretory proteins.  相似文献   

16.
The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent trafficking of the intact EGF receptor to the nucleus and its requirement for growth factor induction of cyclin D and other genes has been reported. Unresolved is the mechanism by which this or other transmembrane proteins are excised from a lipid bilayer before nuclear translocalization. We report that, after the addition of EGF, the cell surface EGF receptor is trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it associates with Sec61beta, a component of the Sec61 translocon, and is retrotranslocated from the ER to the cytoplasm. Abrogation of Sec61beta expression prevents EGF-dependent localization of EGF receptors to the nucleus and expression of cyclin D. This indicates that EGF receptors are trafficked from the ER to the nucleus by a novel pathway that involves the Sec61 translocon.  相似文献   

17.
In mammalian cells, signal peptide-dependent protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by a dynamic polypeptide-conducting channel, the heterotrimeric Sec61 complex. Previous work has characterized the Sec61 complex as a potential ER Ca2+ leak channel in HeLa cells and identified ER lumenal molecular chaperone immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP) as limiting Ca2+ leakage via the open Sec61 channel by facilitating channel closing. This BiP activity involves binding of BiP to the ER lumenal loop 7 of Sec61α in the vicinity of tyrosine 344. Of note, the Y344H mutation destroys the BiP binding site and causes pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and diabetes in mice. Here, we systematically depleted HeLa cells of the BiP co-chaperones by siRNA-mediated gene silencing and used live cell Ca2+ imaging to monitor the effects on ER Ca2+ leakage. Depletion of either one of the ER lumenal BiP co-chaperones, ERj3 and ERj6, but not the ER membrane-resident co-chaperones (such as Sec63 protein, which assists BiP in Sec61 channel opening) led to increased Ca2+ leakage via Sec6 complex, thereby phenocopying the effect of BiP depletion. Thus, BiP facilitates Sec61 channel closure (i.e. limits ER Ca2+ leakage) via the Sec61 channel with the help of ERj3 and ERj6. Interestingly, deletion of ERj6 causes pancreatic β-cell failure and diabetes in mice and humans. We suggest that co-chaperone-controlled gating of the Sec61 channel by BiP is particularly important for cells, which are highly active in protein secretion, and that breakdown of this regulatory mechanism can cause apoptosis and disease.  相似文献   

18.
In mammalian cells, signal peptide-dependent protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by a dynamic protein-conducting channel, the Sec61 complex. Previous work has characterized the Sec61 channel as a potential ER Ca(2+) leak channel and identified calmodulin as limiting Ca(2+) leakage in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner by binding to an IQ motif in the cytosolic aminoterminus of Sec61α. Here, we manipulated the concentration of the ER lumenal chaperone BiP in cells in different ways and used live cell Ca(2+) imaging to monitor the effects of reduced levels of BiP on ER Ca(2+) leakage. Regardless of how the BiP concentration was lowered, the absence of available BiP led to increased Ca(2+) leakage via the Sec61 complex. When we replaced wild-type Sec61α with mutant Sec61αY344H in the same model cell, however, Ca(2+) leakage from the ER increased and was no longer affected by manipulation of the BiP concentration. Thus, BiP limits ER Ca(2+) leakage through the Sec61 complex by binding to the ER lumenal loop 7 of Sec61α in the vicinity of tyrosine 344.  相似文献   

19.
The Sec61p complex is a dynamic precursor activated channel   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Previous studies have shown that the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains nascent precursor polypeptide gated channels. Circumstantial evidence suggests that these channels are formed by the Sec61p complex. We reconstituted the purified Sec61p complex in a lipid bilayer and characterized its dynamics and regulation. The Sec61p complex is sufficient to form the precursor polypeptide activated channel under co- and posttranslational transport conditions. Activity of the Sec61p channel in both transport modes is induced by direct interaction with precursor protein. The Sec61p complex comprises a highly dynamic pore covering conductances corresponding to channel openings from approximately 6 to 60 A. Its properties are indistinguishable from those we observed with native ER channels, directly demonstrating that these channels are formed by the Sec61p complex.  相似文献   

20.
Zhou M  Schekman R 《Molecular cell》1999,4(6):925-934
Sec61p comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) channel through which nascent polypeptides are imported and from which malfolded proteins have been suggested to be exported, or dislocated, back to the cytoplasm. We have devised a genetic screen for dislocation-specific mutant alleles of SEC61 from S. cerevisiae by employing the unfolded protein response to report on the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Three of the isolated sec61 alleles are fully proficient in protein translocation into the ER, but defective in the elimination of a misfolded ER luminal substrate and a short-lived ER membrane-spanning model protein, which are otherwise rapidly degraded by cytoplasmic proteolysis in wild-type cells. Our results point to the fourth luminal loop and third transmembrane domain of Sec61p that markedly influence dislocation. We suggest that distinct features of the Sec61-translocon direct the two-way translocation processes.  相似文献   

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