κ-卡拉胶酶CgkX催化区的重组表达菌株筛选和发酵优化

目的:CgkX是来自Pseudoalteromonas sp.QY203的一种高活性、高稳定性的κ-卡拉胶酶,本文旨在构建CgkX催化结构域(CgkX-CM)重组表达菌株,并对发酵条件进行优化,提高CgkX-CM的产量。方法:在分析κ-卡拉胶酶CgkX-CM基因序列的基础上,构建多种CgkX-CM表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行重组表达,通过酶活测定筛选其中产量最高的表达菌株,并优化发酵起始pH、诱导温度、IPTG浓度、装液量以及甘氨酸浓度等因素。结果:构建了5种重组表达菌株,其中E.coli BL21(DE3)/p ET22b-CgkX-CM酶产量是其他重组菌株的7.4-11.6倍。确定了该菌株最佳发酵条件为:培养基含1 g·L~(-1)甘氨酸(起始pH 7.5),装液量为75 m L,0.1 mmol·L~(-1) IPTG 20℃诱导28 h,酶产量是优化前的7.3倍。结论:经过重组表达载体筛选和发酵优化,CgkX-CM产量大幅度提高,为今后比较CgkX全长及其催化区域的酶学性质,确定C端Big_2结构域对CgkX的作用奠定了基础。     

分散泛菌蔗糖异构酶在大肠杆菌中的表达及发酵优化

为了提高分散泛菌Pantoea dispersa UQ68J来源的蔗糖异构酶产量,研究了不同信号肽及发酵条件对蔗糖异构酶在大肠杆菌中重组表达的影响。将携带天然信号肽的蔗糖异构酶基因优化后,转入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)构建重组表达菌株——ORI菌株,摇瓶发酵总酶活和胞外酶活分别为85 U/m L、65 U/m L。从天然信号肽开始第22位氨基酸作为成熟蛋白的起始,连接Pel B或Omp A信号肽构建P22和O22菌株,其中P22菌株发酵总酶活提高至138 U/m L,是ORI菌株总酶活的1.6倍;而O22菌株发酵总酶活和ORI菌株无明显差别。采用3.0 g/L的乳糖诱导,P22菌株的蔗糖异构酶总酶活提高至168 U/m L。在3 L发酵罐中,研究甘氨酸浓度和诱导时间对蔗糖异构酶分泌的影响,当补加0.5%甘氨酸,DCW为18 g/L(OD_(600)=30)开始诱导,P22菌株的蔗糖异构酶胞外酶活最高达1 981 U/m L,同时蔗糖异构酶总酶活达到2 640 U/m L,是已报道大肠杆菌重组表达蔗糖异构酶的最高水平。     

黑曲霉α-葡萄糖苷酶cDNA的克隆及表达

研究黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)M-1菌株的α-葡萄糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆及表达。以M-1菌株的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR扩增α-葡萄糖转苷酶的cDNA,重组到Trc启动子控制下的表达载体pSE380中,构建重组质粒pSE-αtg,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行IPTG诱导表达。初步研究表明:重组蛋白具有葡萄糖苷酶活性,最适pH为6.0,最适温度为45℃,金属离子Cu2 和Mn2 对酶活力有明显的促进作用。添加1.6mmol/L IPTG对重组菌的诱导作用最大,在培养中添加麦芽糖,对重组菌产酶有显著的促进作用。     

PPK和GMAS共表达重组菌株的构建及其在L-茶氨酸合成中的应用

构建了共表达ATP再生和L-茶氨酸合成酶的重组大肠杆菌菌株,并将其应用于L-茶氨酸的合成中。合成多聚磷酸盐激酶(PPK)和γ-谷氨酰甲胺合成酶(GMAS)基因序列,分别利用p ETDuet-1和p ET-21a(+)载体,构建共表达重组质粒p ETDuet-ppk+gmas和p ET21a-ppk+gmas。将上述两种重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,获得重组菌株TPG和APG。IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE结果表明,PPK和GMAS在两种重组菌中均可溶性表达。当用于催化L-茶氨酸合成时,来自APG的GMAS-PPK要优于TPG。利用APG所产的酶进行L-茶氨酸合成,在37℃、p H 7.0条件下,使用催化量ATP可实现L-茶氨酸的摩尔产率为86.0%。该结果一方面扩展了酶法ATP再生系统的应用,另一方面为生物催化合成L-茶氨酸提供了一种有效方法。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌D-(+)-乳酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用PCR的方法从鼠李糖乳杆菌基因组DNA中扩增到D-(+)-乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldhD),并连接到载体pSE380上,构建表达质粒pSE-ldhD,将重组质粒pSE-ldhD转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),重组菌株经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明ldhD在大肠杆菌中实现了表达,表达产物的分子量约为37kD。同时采用紫外分光光度法测定D-乳酸脱氢酶的酶活,测得重组菌株的D-乳酸脱氢酶活力为5.4U/mL,最适反应温度为35℃,最适pH为5.6。     

苍白杆菌核糖-5-磷酸异构酶B基因的克隆及表达

[目的]将新筛选出的苍白杆菌菌株中的核糖-5-磷酸异构酶B(Rpi B)克隆到大肠杆菌中进行异源表达优化。[方法]以苍白杆菌菌株基因组为模板PCR扩增Rpi B基因,经酶切连接表达载体p ET-28a后转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,利用异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)进行诱导表达及优化,利用SDS-PAGE分析表达情况。通过LC-MS-MS验证重组酶活性。[结果]SDS-PAGE分析表明,核糖-5-磷酸酶在大肠杆菌中高效表达可溶性蛋白,分子量在19 k Da左右。优化结果表明在16℃下需要IPTG诱导20 h后蛋白表达量最多。重组粗酶液在30℃下转化L-鼠李糖为L-鼠李酮糖,转化率为19%。[结论]成功克隆并表达出来源于苍白杆菌的Rpi B酶,它对其非天然底物糖L-鼠李糖表现出了异构酶活性。     

右旋糖酐蔗糖酶工程菌株的构建及其培养条件的研究

[目的]右旋糖酐蔗糖酶是一种以蔗糖为底物,催化转移D-葡萄糖基生成α-葡聚糖或低聚糖的葡萄糖基转移酶.[方法]利用PCR扩增技术,将已获得的右旋糖酐蔗糖酶基因dexYG亚克隆到表达载体PET28a( )上,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经过卡那霉素抗性筛选和酶切验证后,得到右旋糖酐蔗糖酶工程菌株BL21(DE3)/pET28-dexYG.[结果]经IPTG诱导该基因在E.coli BL21(DE3)中能有效表达,在诱导过程中菌体生长受到抑制.通过对培养时间、IPTG浓度、培养温度、菌浓(OD600)和pH值等产酶因素的优化考察,得到最佳培养条件为:培养时间5h、IPTG浓度0.5mmol/L、25℃、OD600值1.0和pH6.0.酶活力由最初的5.39U/mL提高到35.62U/mL,其中pH值对产酶活力影响最大,在pH6.0时的最高产酶活力是LB原始pH条件下最高酶活的3.5倍,并且pH值也是导致在诱导后期酶活迅速下降的主要原因之一.[结论]酶的表达和酶活的研究结果表明,构建的工程菌株能够异源高效表达右旋糖酐蔗糖酶,并且表现出较高的酶活力.     

产普鲁兰酶重组大肠杆菌质粒稳定性的研究

通过对产普鲁兰酶的重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/p ET28a-s-pul菌株在发酵过程中质粒稳定性和普鲁兰酶生成量的考察,发现不同宿主对质粒稳定性及酶活性有重要影响。本文利用E.coli BL21(DE3)p Lys S菌株为宿主,构建重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)p Lys S/p ET28a-s-pul,通过控制外源蛋白的本底表达,提高了重组菌株的质粒稳定性。优化发酵培养基和发酵条件以后,重组菌产普鲁兰酶能力由480 U/m L提高至627 U/m L,增幅为30.6%。研究结果认为,严格控制外源蛋白的本底表达,是改善重组菌稳定性的重要方法之一。     

嗜酸喜温硫杆菌硫加氧还原酶基因的克隆、表达及酶活性研究

旨为研究嗜酸喜温硫杆菌硫加氧还原酶的生化特性,以嗜酸喜温硫杆菌TST3的基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增出硫加氧还原酶基因(sor),构建了表达载体p ET-sor,转化到Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)后,获得了重组菌株E.coli BL21(p ET-sor2)。SDS-PAGE实验证明,经IPTG诱导,该重组菌可以表达目的蛋白SOR。对诱导条件进行优化,并在最优的条件下诱导SOR酶表达,再经超声波破碎重组菌,上清液通过Ni+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化获得重组酶,其催化氧化反应的比酶活、Km值和Vmax分别为0.70U/mg,15.672×10-2 g/m L和12.755×10-5 mol/(L·min),而催化的还原反应的比酶活、Km值和Vmax分别为2.21 U/mg,0.507×10-2g/m L和4.876×10-5 mol/(L·min)。     

重组大肠杆菌表达氧化还原酶不对称还原2-羟基苯乙酮的研究

将来源于7种微生物的13个氧化还原酶基因分别与表达载体pET21c连接后,转化入Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中,得到13株重组菌.重组菌在IPTG诱导下进行表达,并对2-羟基苯乙酮进行不对称催化还原.研究发现,在17℃下诱导表达的重组酶比活明显高于30℃和37℃下诱导表达的比活.另外,来源于Ca...     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

棉铃虫钙粘蛋白N端多肽多克隆抗体制备及对Bt抗性的初步检测

用重组表达的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽片段制备兔多克隆抗体,并利用其对Bt抗性进行鉴定。通过RT-PCR方法对棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽的基因片段Cad285进行PCR扩增,将其克隆到pET-30a原核表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,得到35ku的重组融和蛋白,融合表达的包涵体经过变性、Ni-NTA柱亲和纯化、复性等方法处理包涵体,获得可溶性纯化蛋白,用纯化后蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体,ELISA检测其效价高于1∶16000;利用最终获得的多克隆抗体对室内纯合Bt抗/感品系的棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白进行Western blot分析,结果显示敏感和抗性品系之间有明显差异,表明其能够应用对Bt抗性进行初步检测。