心衰与低T3综合征的研究进展

研究发现,慢性心力衰竭时常伴甲状腺功能紊乱,主要表现为＂低T3综合征＂,而甲状腺激素代谢紊乱的严重程度与心衰患者病情发展、预后及远期生存率关系密切,本文着重就心衰伴＂低T3综合征＂的临床现状及治疗策略的最新研究进展作一综述。     

各系统危重症患者血浆甲状腺激素变化的临床意义

甲状腺激素在调节机体生长、发育、代谢方面有重要的作用 ,近年来研究发现一些非甲状腺疾病 ,如营养不良、肝硬化、尿毒症、肺心病、急性心肌梗死、糖尿病等急、慢性系统疾病中 ,可伴有甲状腺激素的异常变化。多表现为 T3 、FT3 降低 ,而 T4、 TSH正常 ,称为低 T3 综合征。若伴 T4下降者称低 T3 、 T4综合征。国外学者根据甲状腺激素变化的不同还分为高 T3 综合征混合型 [1]。非甲状腺激素异常的特点是仅有甲状腺激素水平的变化 ,而无相应的临床症状 ,即无甲状腺功能低下的表现 ,且随系统疾病的缓解甲状腺激素水平可恢复正常 ,其发生的…     

系统性红斑狼疮并发低T3综合征的影响因素分析

目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮并发低T3综合征的影响因素。方法:选择2102年6月~2013年6月于我科住院的SLE女性患者60例,其中伴有低T3综合征的30例(排除具有原发性甲状腺疾病的病例),甲状腺功能正常的30例,分析和比较伴有低T3综合征的SLE患者与甲状腺功能正常的SLE患者入院时的血常规、C反应蛋白、血沉、肝功能、肾功能、补体C3、补体C4、24小时尿蛋白等实验室指标和临床特征,并通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析探讨系统性红斑狼疮并发低T3综合征的影响因素。结果:伴有低T3综合征的SLE患者SLEDAI积分、红细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板、补体C3、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、尿素、24小时尿蛋白定量与甲状腺功能正常的SLE患者比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示SLEDAI积分(OR=2.194,1.045~4.606,P=0.038)、血红蛋白(OR=0.719,0.518~0.998,P=0.049)、谷丙转氨酶(OR=2.417,1.071~5.457,P=0.034)、白蛋白(OR=0.313,0.105~0.934,P=0.037)是系统性红斑狼疮并发低T3综合征的影响因素。结论:SLEDAI积分和谷丙转氨酶水平是系统性红斑狼疮并发低T3综合征的危险性因素,而血红蛋白和白蛋白水平是其保护性因素。     

非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者心衰程度与血浆IL-15水平的相关性研究

目的:分析非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者心衰程度与血浆IL-15水平的相关性及其临床意义。方法:选择NSTE-ACS不伴心衰及NSTE-ACS伴心衰住院患者154例,对照组为冠脉造影排除冠心病诊断者20例。冠脉造影前,采用ELISA法测定和比较各组的血浆IL-15水平,通过pearson相关检验分析血浆IL-15水平与NSTE-ACS患者心衰程度的相关性;散点图及拟合曲线观察血浆IL-15水平与NSTE-ACS患者心衰程度的关系;多元线性回归对差异变量进行调整,进一步明确血浆IL-15水平与NSTE-ACS患者心衰程度的关系。结果:NSTE-ACS不伴心衰组和NSTE-ACS伴心衰组患者的血清IL-15水平均显著高于正常对照组(P0.01);且NSTE-ACS伴心衰组的患者血清IL-15水平较NSTE-ACS不伴心衰组患者显著升高,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。Pearson检验结果显示血浆IL-15水平与EF值呈负相关(r=-0.775),与血清BNP水平呈正相关(r=0.474);散点图显示IL-15能与EF值线性拟合,呈负相关;散点图显示IL-15与血清BNP水平线性拟合,呈正相关;多元线性回归调整差异变量,明确IL-15与EF值(β=-0.295)呈显著相关。结论:NSTE-ACS患者的血浆IL-15水平与其心衰严重程度呈正相关。     

手术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征临床疗效观察

目的:观察手术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的手术治疗方法及临床效果,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取我院2010年2月~2013年1月期间收治的儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者56例做研究对象,对患儿的手术治疗方法及手术前后呼吸暂停指数、最低血氧饱和度及呼吸暂停低通气指数平均值进行记录和分析,比较其临床疗效情况。结果:三组患儿术后呼吸暂停指数、伴最低血氧饱和度、呼吸暂停低通气指数与术前比较,差异明显具有统计学意义,术后优于术前。中、重度鼻咽气道狭窄程度比较,术后较术前疗效显著,差异明显具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征手术后呼吸暂停指数、伴最低血氧饱和度、呼吸暂停低通气指数得到显著改善,是治疗最佳方案,建议推广应用。     

大剂量静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗小儿难治性肾病伴低IgG血症疗效观察

目的：观察大剂量静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）治疗难治性肾病综合征伴低IgG血症的疗效。方法：对34例难治性肾病伴低IgG血症的患儿在常规剂量的强的松,环磷酰胺治疗的基础上加用IVIG治疗,观察其尿蛋白阴转率,血浆白蛋白,胆固醇三项指标,并随访1.5-4.5年,另设30例患儿作为对照组。结果：治疗组尿蛋白阴转率,血浆,胆固醇三项指标恢复明显优于对照组（P＜0．01）;院内感染率明显低于对照组（P＜0．01）。完全缓解率治疗组为85．29％,对照组56．67％,两组对比差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。结论：联合强的松及环磷酰胺治疗难治性肾病综合征伴低IgG血症安全,有效。     

浅谈参附益心方在慢性心衰治疗中的作用

慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)是由于各种心脏疾病使心脏或射血能力受损[1],而循环血量不能满足全身需求的病理生理综合征[2]。在美国,心力衰竭居心血管疾病患病率的第三位,亦是心血管性死亡的第三大病因[3]。在我国随着经济社会的发展及生活水平的提高及人口老龄化的加速,冠心病及高血压的发病率在逐年升高,心衰的患病率在逐年增加,严重影响了人类健康。总结既往及研究学术文献,能量缺乏及代谢障碍是心衰发生、发展和恶化的重要因素,是心衰的主要标志之一。补气中药及其相关复方制剂在慢性心衰治疗中具有一定的作用,参附益心颗粒可通过改善心肌能量代谢对心衰的治疗起到良好的作用。     

肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息儿童血清25(OH)D_3、Th17/Treg表达水平与肺功能的关系

目的:探讨肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息儿童血清25羟基维生素D3[25(OH)D_3]、辅助性17细胞/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)表达水平与肺功能的关系。方法:将新疆医科大学第五附属医院收治的肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息患儿26例作为肺炎伴喘息组,肺炎支原体肺炎不伴有喘息患儿54例作为肺炎不伴喘息组,另选取健康儿童30例作为对照组,比较各组血清25(OH)D_3、白细胞介素(IL)-10、IL-17、Th17细胞及Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞比例及肺功能,并分析其相关性。结果:肺炎伴喘息组血清25(OH)D_3、IL-10、Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞比例低于肺炎不伴喘息组、对照组,Th17细胞占CD4+T细胞比例、Th17/Treg、IL-17高于肺炎不伴喘息组、对照组(P0.05)。各组第一秒最大呼气量占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),肺炎伴喘息组FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、峰值呼气流量(PEF)低于肺炎不伴喘息组、对照组(P0.05),肺炎不伴喘息组与对照组FEV1%pred、PEF比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。肺炎伴喘息组患儿血清25 (OH)D_3与Th17/Treg、IL-17呈负相关(P0.05),与IL-10、FEV1%pred、PEF呈正相关(P0.05),血清Th17/Treg与IL-10、FEV1%pred、PEF呈负相关(P0.05),与IL-17呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息儿童血清25(OH)D_3、Th17/Treg表达水平异常,肺功能下降,且25(OH)D_3、Th17/Treg表达水平与肺功能相关。     

滤减UV-B辐射对烟叶腺毛发育和密度动态变化的影响

以烟草品种"K326"为材料,盆栽种植于自然环境条件下(CK)和覆盖不同厚度透明薄膜,分别滤减25%(T1)、50%(T2)和65%(T3)UV-B辐射的大棚中,在"K326"开花期至工艺成熟后期的4个生育期,通过扫描电镜观察了各处理烟叶腺毛形态和密度动态变化特征,并首次报道了"K326"中存在分枝腺毛。结果表明:上表皮腺毛在开花期、生理成熟期和工艺成熟前期对UV-B辐射敏感,下表皮则在开花期和工艺成熟后期对UV-B辐射敏感;T3处理腺毛密度低且延缓腺毛的发育,T1和T2处理腺毛密度较高,在工艺成熟期出现二次发育现象;各处理烟叶腺毛以长柄腺毛为主,CK、T1、T2下表皮腺毛总密度大于上表皮,而T3上、下表皮差异不大;滤减UV-B辐射有利于烟叶下表皮长柄腺毛发育,而引起腺毛二次发育的腺毛类型依处理和时期而异;适当较高强度的UV-B辐射对烟叶腺毛发育有促进作用,在研究地减弱25%～50%的UV-B辐射强度对烟叶腺毛发育较为合适。     

2型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液Omentin-1、MMP-9、OPG/RANKL比值与牙周指标、氧化应激和NLRP3炎症小体的关系

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）伴慢性牙周炎（CP）患者龈沟液网膜素-1（Omentin-1）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、骨保护素（OPG）/细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）比值与牙周指标、氧化应激和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体的关系。方法：选择2020年6月至2022年6月首都医科大学附属北京康复医院收治的73例T2DM患者（T2DM组）,77例CP患者（CP组）,83例T2DM伴CP患者（T2DM伴CP组）。检测所有患者龈沟液中Omentin-1、MMP-9、OPG/RANKL比值,分析其与牙周指标、氧化应激和NLRP3炎症小体相关分子信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达的相关性。结果：T2DM伴CP组龈沟液中Omentin-1,OPG/RANKL比值、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）低于T2DM组和CP组（P＜0.05）,MMP-9、丙二醛（MDA）、NLRP3mRNA、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）mRNA、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1（caspase-1）mRNA表达以及出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、牙周袋探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）高于T2DM组和CP组（P＜0.05）。T2DM伴CP患者龈沟液中Omentin-1、OPG/RANKL比值与TAC、SOD呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与MDA、NLRP3mRNA、ASC mRNA、caspase-1mRNA表达以及PLI、SBI、AL、PD呈负相关（P＜0.05）,MMP-9与TAC、SOD呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与MDA、NLRP3mRNA、ASC mRNA、caspase-1mRNA表达以及PLI、SBI、AL、PD呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：T2DM伴CP患者龈沟液中Omentin-1水平、OPG/ RANKL比值降低,MMP-9水平升高,与牙周组织破坏加重、氧化应激、NLRP3炎症小体激活有关。     

The proliferative characteristics of cells in culture during perfusion of the medium

The proliferation of Chinese hamster fibroblasts (CHF) and NIH 3T3 cells was studied at different flow rates immediately above the cells. It is shown that there is a limiting density of saturation of the perfused culture that accounts for 1.7 x 10(6) - 2.0 x 10(6) cells/cm2 for NIH 3T3 cells, and for 6 x 10(6) - 7 x 10(6) cells/cm2 for CHF. The growth curves and the distribution of cells with respect to the phases of the cell cycle during cultivation with and without perfusion are presented. Based on the results obtained it is assumed that the limit of saturation density of perfused CHF culture is due to the mass transfer of the growth-inhibiting metabolites inside the multilayer structures. The assumption seems to hold true for NIH 3T3 cells, too, even though the multilayer character of growth of this culture is less pronounced than in CHF.     

A helper factor needed for the generation of mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes is made by tumor cell lines, cloned T cells, and spleen cells exposed to a variety of stimuli

A helper factor termed cytolytic T lymphocyte helper factor (CHF) that is needed for the generation of allospecific mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro was produced by mouse spleen cells 3 to 4 days after the time when interleukin 2 (IL 2) had reached its maximal production. These kinetics were observed by stimulation of immune spleen cells with allogeneic tumor or spleen cells, with Sendai or influenza viral peptides, with virus infected cells, or with concanavalin A (Con A). CHF produced by rat spleen cells was able to help in the generation of mouse CTL, indicating that this cytokine was not restricted genetically. CHF could also be made by WEHI-3 and EL4 cell lines, as well as cloned cytolytic and helper T cells. The production of CHF by WEHI-3 cells argues that CHF is not IL 2. In addition, if CHF was not present early in the in vitro stimulation no CTL were generated, suggesting that CHF participated in the activation of CTL precursors. The addition of IL 2-containing conditioned medium to the CHF assay resulted in no substantial CTL generation, although significant cellular proliferation was observed. In contrast, CHF-containing conditioned medium allowed the generation of CTL in the absence of the same level of proliferation.     

Inverse Association of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Background

Metabolic syndrome has been shown to be associated with lower levels of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) in the general population. We sought to elucidate the relationship between Nt-proBNP and components of metabolic syndrome in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).

Methods

Fasting blood samples were obtained from 93 patients in our institution. Plasma levels of Nt-proBNP and other biochemical data were measured. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system (I-IV) was used to define the functional capacity of CHF. Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation.

Results

Forty-nine patients (52.7%) had CHF. There was a positive correlation between plasma Nt-proBNP levels and NYHA functional capacity in CHF patients. Plasma Nt-proBNP levels increased significantly with each increasing NYHA class of the disease. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in CHF patients was higher than that in patients without CHF. Most importantly, we found that plasma Nt-proBNP levels were lower in CHF patients with metabolic syndrome attributable to inverse relationships between plasma Nt-proBNP and body mass index (β = −0.297), plasma triglyceride (β = −0.286) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; β = −0.346). Fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR, an insulin sensitivity index) was positively associated with plasma Nt-proBNP levels (β = 0.491), and was the independent predictor of plasma Nt-proBNP levels in CHF patients.

Conclusions

Plasma Nt-proBNP levels are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in CHF patients. Reduced plasma Nt-proBNP levels in CHF patients may lead to impaired lipolysis and metabolic function, and may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in CHF patients.     

Low T3 syndrome in cancer patients in relation to weight loss, intravenous hyperalimentation therapy and age

In order to investigate the relation of weight loss and intravenous hyperalimentation therapy to low T3 syndrome, serum T3, T4. rT3 and TBG were determined by radioimmunoassay in 105 cancer patients. The cancer patients were classified into 3 groups, Group I, II and III depending on the grade of weight loss, ranging up to a 5% change in weight loss from a healthy condition, from 5 to 9%, and more than 10%, respectively. Cancer patients under age 59 showed no significant difference in serum T3, T4, rT3 and TBG among these 3 groups. However serum T3 and T3/T4 in cancer patients at age 60 and over were significantly reduced in group III, compared to groups I and II. Serum rT3 values were significantly elevated in group III of elderly cancer patients. The incidence of low T3 syndrome in group III of elderly cancer patients was also significantly higher than in groups I and II. In three out of 5 cancer patients with low T3 syndrome, serum T3 values increased after the intravenous hyperalimentation therapy, whereas no significant change in serum T3 values was observed in two patients who died within one day after the final examination. It is concluded that weight loss produced different effects on peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 between cancer patients under age 59 and over age 60 and glucose plays an important role in the pathogenesis of low T3 syndrome except cases with very poor prognosis.     

探讨NTIS在ICU重症患者的预后影响

目的：观察NTIS在ICU重症患者中的发病情况,及对病情的预后。方法：2010年1月到2010年3月,收集上海交通大学附属第六人民医院重症监护病房ICU收治的患者共161例。根据甲状腺功能情况分组。记录其年龄、性别、血糖、血白蛋白、肝肾功能、电解质、白细胞、血气、心率、血压等,统计有创呼吸机的使用率、使用天数、APACHEII评分、ICU住院天数和住院期间的死亡率,分析相关的影响因素。结果：161例入住ICU的重症患者中74例伴有NTIS（45.96%）,血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）水平是ICU住院时间的独立影响因素,低T3与住院期间死亡率明显相关,是主要死亡危险因子;NTIS患者较正常甲状腺患者死亡风险增加2.93倍（95%CI,1.052～8.182）。结论：低T3在重症疾病患者中发病常见,与住院期间死亡率明显相关,对于预测患者病情的严重程度和预后有重要的价值。     

Glucagon administration induces lowering of serum T3 and rise in reverse T3 in euthyroid healthy subjects

Euthyroid sick syndrome is characterized by low serum T3 and raised reverse T3 (rT3). Most of the states with this syndrome are also documented to manifest hyperglucagonemia. Furthermore, several recent studies have suggested that glucagon may play a role in T4 monodeiodination in some of these states such as starvation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Therefore, hyperglucagonemia was induced by intravenous glucagon administration in euthyroid healthy volunteers and thyroid hormone levels were determined at frequent intervals up to six hours. Plasma glucose and insulin rose promptly on glucagon administration, thus establishing the physiologic effect of glucagon. Serum T4, free T4, T3 resin uptake, and TSH concentrations remained unaltered throughout the study period. Serum T3 declined to a significantly low level (P less than 0.05) between 60-90 minutes. Serum rT3 rose significantly (P less than 0.05) by four hours and the rise was progressive till the end of the study period. Therefore, these results suggest that hyperglucagonemia may be one of the factors responsible for lowering of T3 and a rise in rT3 in euthyroid sick syndrome.     

Impact of the New Generation Reconstituted Surfactant CHF5633 on Human CD4+ Lymphocytes

BackgroundNatural surfactant preparations, commonly isolated from porcine or bovine lungs, are used to treat respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Besides biophysical effectiveness, several studies have documented additional immunomodulatory properties. Within the near future, synthetic surfactant preparations may be a promising alternative. CHF5633 is a new generation reconstituted synthetic surfactant preparation with defined composition, containing dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol and synthetic analogs of surfactant protein (SP-) B and SP-C. While its biophysical effectiveness has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, possible immunomodulatory abilities are currently unknown.AimThe aim of the current study was to define a potential impact of CHF5633 and its single components on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in human CD4⁺ lymphocytes.MethodsPurified human CD4⁺ T cells were activated using anti CD3/CD28 antibodies and exposed to CHF5633, its components, or to the well-known animal-derived surfactant Poractant alfa (Curosurf^®). Proliferative response and cell viability were assessed using flow cytometry and a methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. The mRNA expression of IFNγ, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-4, and IL-10 was measured by quantitative PCR, while intracellular protein expression was assessed by means of flow cytometry.ResultsNeither CHF5633 nor any of its phospholipid components with or without SP-B or SP-C analogs had any influence on proliferative ability and viability of CD4⁺ lymphocytes under the given conditions. IFNγ, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA as well as IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 protein levels were unaffected in both non-activated and activated CD4⁺ lymphocytes after exposure to CHF5633 or its constituents compared to non-exposed controls. However, in comparison to Curosurf^®, expression levels of anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were significantly increased in CHF5633 exposed CD4⁺ lymphocytes.ConclusionFor the first time, the immunomodulatory capacity of CHF5633 on CD4⁺ lymphocytes was evaluated. CHF5633 did not show any cytotoxicity on CD4⁺ cells. Moreover, our in vitro data indicate that CHF5633 does not exert unintended pro-inflammatory effects on non-activated and activated CD4⁺ T cells. As far as anti-inflammatory cytokines are concerned, it might lack an overall reductive ability in comparison to animal-derived surfactants, potentially leaving pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response in balance.