野生大豆未成熟种子总mRNA的分离及其cDNA的分子克隆

用氯化锂沉淀法从野生大豆(G.soja)未成熟种子中制备总RNA,经oligo(dT)-纤维素柱亲和层析,获得总mRNA,在兔网织红细胞体系中表现出一定翻译活性。以总mRNA为模板,oligo(dT)_(12)(?)为引物,反转录酶催化合成第一链cDNA,RNase H-DNA聚合酶Ⅰ协同合成第二链cDNA。双链cDNA的长度大约为200—5000 bp,且不存在发夹结构。将双链cDNA修补后钝端连接到pUC 19质粒的Sma 1位点,转化E.coli JM107,获得800多个白色重组子克隆。快速电泳检测及酶切分析表明,多数重组子带有插入片段,其中3个重组子的插入片段长度大致为1700 bp、2600 bp和1400 bp。     

单克隆抗体γ3重链可变区cDNA的合成与克隆

用异硫氰酸胍法从分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,经oligo(dT)-纤维素柱亲和层析获得poly(A)~ RNA后,用恒定区5′端第122—125号氨基酸密码的互补序列3′A-T-A-G-G-T-G-A-C-C 5′做为引物,进行逆转录酶反应,合成双链cDNA,大小为300bp左右,与重链可变区基因的长度相符。用dC:dG接尾的方法,将ds-cDNA插入pUC19质粒,转化E.coli HB101。分离出重组体之后,经菌落原位杂交,酶切重组质粒DNA及Southern印迹,证明插入片段是重链可变区基因。     

牛生长激素cDNA的分子克隆

我们克隆了与牛生长激素Poly(A)⁺RNA互补的DNA(cDNA)。首先从小牛垂体中提纯总的Pply(A)⁺RNA,用AMV逆转录酶合成单链cDNA,以单链cDNA为模板合成双链cDNA,用多聚G及多聚c谱尾法将双链cDNA克隆到pBR322质粒的Pst I位点上,构建成牛垂体PoIy(A)⁺RNA的cDNA文库。以牛生长激素基因为探针,筛选出7个阳性菌落,经电泳鉴定有两个菌落(1号和2号)含有大于500bp的插入片段。1号克隆经酶切图谱、southeTn blot 杂交及序列分析证实含有牛生长激素的编码序列。     

野生大豆种子cDNA文库的构建与分析

为了分离与鉴定野生大豆优良基因,以双高型优质野生大豆的近成熟种子为材料,采用裂解法提取了总RNA;以Oligo（dT）为引物,经SA—PMPS法分离出mRNA,反转录酶催化合成cDNA,并以cDNA第一链为模板在DNA聚合酶Ⅰ的作用下合成cDNA第二链,双链cDNA经加接头等步骤,成功构建了野生大豆cDNA文库。文库的重组率约为93．7％,PCR检测重组克隆的插入片段平均大于1000bp,测序片断大于500bp,表明构建的近成熟种子cDNA文库质量较高,为进一步进行EST测序和全长克隆打下了基础。     

SMART技术构建栀子cDNA文库

目的:构建栀子叶片cDNA文库。方法:提取栀子叶片总RNA。利用SMART技术合成双链cDNA。双链cDNA经限制酶Sfil酶切后与pDNR-LIB质粒连接。利用电刺激转化法将重组质粒导入E.coli DH5α而获得文库。利用PCR法检测文库的重组率。结果:原始文库滴度为2.63×105cfu/ml。随机检测文库中的15个克隆,表明重组率约为86.7%。选择14个插入片段的长度在400bp以上的克隆进行测序和生物信息学分析,结果预测的全长基因占所检测序列的64.3%。结论:成功构建了栀子叶片的cDNA文库,为栀子基因的结构和功能的研究提供了基础。     

肾癌相关基因克隆——肾癌cDNA消减文库的构建

应用抑制性消减杂交技术,构建人肾癌与正常肾差异表达的cDNA消减文库.分别从肾癌及正常肾细胞系中提取poly(A)⁺RNA,依次合成单链及双链cDNA,经酶切成平均大小为400～600 bp的片段,将肾癌cDNA分为两组,分别与两种不同的接头衔接,再与正常肾cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制性PCR后,将产物与T/A载体连接构建成功cDNA消减文库,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增.构建成功具有高消减效率的人肾癌cDNA消减文库,非特异性cDNA片段被有效地消减,特异表达的cDNA得到富集.文库扩增后得到6 500个克隆,随机挑取350个制备质粒,酶切分析均得到400～600 bp插入片段.所构建的人肾癌cDNA消减文库为进一步大批量筛选、克隆肾癌特异性表达的未知新基因奠定了基础.     

甜菜胞质型谷氨酰胺合成酶基因组DNA的克隆

以甜菜叶片为材料,用CTAB法提取基因组DNA.以分段PCR法扩增得到了完整的甜菜胞质型谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS1)基因组DNA.采用RT-PCR法扩增此GS1基因(GS1)的cDNA序列应用于对照.获得了长度为9 606bp的完整的GS1 DNA序列和长度为1 068 bp的GSI cDNA序列.分析GS1基因组DNA序列表明,它包含13个外显子,被12个内含子分隔开.其外显子区与已公布的GS1 mRNA序列的相似性达99.5%.RT-PCR法获得的cDNA序列与已知的GS1 mRNA序列相似性达99.6%.而2次实验中GS1基因组DNA外显子区与GS1 cDNA序列的相似性达99.9%.GenBank登录号为EU370974.     

鲤鱼垂体mRNA反转录模板活性的研究

 本实验用不同方法研究鲤鱼垂体mRNA反转录为互补DNA的活性。用硫氰酸胍法,从垂体中提取总RNA,经过Oligo(dT)-纤维素柱层析,得到poly(A)~+RNA。 以mRNA为模板,30％反转录成单链cDNA。利用RNaseH-DNA聚合酶Ⅰ-E.coli DNA连接酶合成双链cDNA。单链cDNA拷贝成双链cDNA。经放射自显影分析,证明合成了全长cDNA。用水解法合成双链cDNA,大多数为不完整的双链cDNA。平末端的双链cDNA连接上Eco RI-linker经Sepharose-4B分离,收集大片段cDNA,与pUC 19载体相连接,经转化构建成10~5克隆/μg mRNA的cDNA文库。     

珠蛋白mRNA的分离和cDNA的合成

本文报道从人工贫血的兔与鸡的网织红细胞中提取珠蛋白mRNA,在麦胚无细胞体系中测定其蛋白翻译活力,与对照相比,兔、鸡珠蛋白mRNA促进~(14)C-亮氨酸参入新生蛋白质的活力分别达到32倍和10倍,所翻译的蛋白产物在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上的行为与天然珠蛋白一致。上述mRNA在AMV反转录酶和DNA聚合酶的作用下,分别合成了单链和双链的cDNA及mRNA-cDNA杂交链,凝胶电泳分析其长度分别为500～700,550～800及500～800碱基对,550～800碱基对大小的双链cDNA约占总合成量的30%。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.