基因枪法和农杆菌介导法对水稻转基因拷贝数的基因重排概率的影响

基因枪法和农杆菌介导法转化的外源DNA整合到植物梁色上是随机进行的,因此,它们可能会产生不同的转基因拷贝数,得到不同的基因表达盒完整率,这反过来会影响基因的表达,为证实这一假说,作首先将同一质粒pAcPG-CAM分别用基因枪法和农杆菌介导法转化到水稻（Oryza sativa L.cv.TNG67)愈伤组织,为了揭示不同质粒是否也出现类似结果,也用农杆菌介导法,基因枪法分别将pTOK233和pJPM44导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得一批转基因植株,Ｒ０代值转基因表达的分析用ＧＵＳ组织化学染色法,用质粒上的单切点酶酶切基因组DNA后的Southern杂交结果确定转基因拷贝数,总DNA髟双切点酶（分别位于表达盒两侧）酶切后的Southern杂交结果确定了完整转基因表达盒数目,结果表明,农杆菌介导转化法的转基因植株的转基因拷贝数相对少一些（平均为2．1和2．3）,而基因枪法转化产生的转基因植株的转基因撬贝数相对多一些（平均为4．2和5．6）,并且农杆菌介导转化法的转基因植株的基因表达盒DNA重排概率低于由基因枪法转化产生的转基因植株的基因表达盒DNA重排概率－农杆菌介导转化法的DNA重排概率为0．07和0．106,由基因枪法转化的DNA重排概率为0．57和0．66。研究还分析了基因表达情况与转基因的拷贝数或完整表达盒数之间的关系,GUS定量分析结果表明,为了准确揭示转基因的表达情况与转基因之间的关系,用完整基因表达盒数而不是转基因DNA拷贝数更准确,并于用不同转基因方法将同种质粒导入植物体分析基因表达盒DNA重排概率为首次报道。     

水稻基因枪法多基因转化研究

为探索多基因转化系统,利用基因枪法进行水稻3个质粒的共转化研究,结果从25个转基因植株中获得3个三转化植株N12、K4-39和K1-1-66,成功地将分别位于不同质粒载体上的GUS,hpt和RTBV CP基因同时导入到水稻中。3个三转化植株中N12、K4-39正常可育。对N12的后代遗传分析表明,该转基因植株中3个载体所携外源基因均呈孟德尔式分离(3:1),3个外源基因分别整合到水稻的两条染色体上。GUS基因与hpt连锁,RTBV CP位于另一条染色体上。     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因导入水稻及可育转基因植株的获得

构建了一个植物高效表达质粒,使来源于四棱豆（Psophocarpus tetragonolobus(L.)DC)的高赖氨酸蛋白基因（lys）受控于单子叶植物ubiqutin强启动子下表达。用基因枪法将其导入水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼胚诱导的愈伤组织,经潮霉素抗性筛选,得到可育的再生植株。经PCR和Southem blotting检测,表明该基因已整合到水稻的基因组织。GUS组织化学染色表明转基因水稻植株的叶、茎和根中均有gus基因的表达。测定112株转基因水稻叶片中赖氨酸叶量,大部分植株有不同程度的提高,最高幅度为16．04％。     

基因枪法介导GNA基因遗传转化甘蔗的研究

目的:将含有雪花莲外源凝集素(GNA)基因的植物表达载体用基因枪法分别导入一个果蔗和一个糖蔗品种中,以期获得转基因植株。方法:将GNA基因插入到植物表达载体上,构建出不同选择标记、不同启动子的表达载体,并用基因枪法将之导入甘蔗胚性愈伤组织,分别在G418、PPT和Hyg的选择压力下,筛选抗性植株,并进行分子杂交鉴定。结果:通过斑点杂交和PCR-Southern杂交证明GNA基因已整合到甘蔗基因组中。结论:用基因枪法成功获得了含有GNA基因的甘蔗转化株,为培育抗甘蔗绵蚜(Ceratovacuna lanigeraZehnther)的新品种提供了基础。     

多个抗虫基因转化水稻两用系培矮—64S

应用基因枪法对水稻两用系培矮－64S进行了转化。质粒载体pKC-3串联了三个抗虫基因,将其转化成熟胚诱导形成的愈伤组织,共获得33株转基因植株。分别对R0代植株不同的基因进行PCR及Southern blot分析,并对R1代植株进行了PCR分析。结果表明,三个抗虫基因均已整合到水稻基因组并获得稳定遗传。     

绿色荧光蛋白(ZsGreen)基因在长石莼细胞中的表达

主要研究绿色荧光蛋白(ZsGreen)基因在长石莼(缘管浒苔)细胞中的表述.应用绿色荧光蛋白基因、抗除草剂bar基因、CMV 35S启动子和SV40双启动子构建了质粒载体PSV-bar-ZsGeen,采用改进的PEG法将质粒载体PSV-bar-Zs-Geen导入到缘管浒苔原生质体中,经过细胞培养发育再生藻株,通过除草剂筛选出阳性藻株,且转化率达38.58％,进一步PCR分子检测和显微荧光检测表明,绿色荧光蛋白基因在转基因植株中得到表达,为今后转基因浒苔研究奠定基础.     

绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)在抗虫转基因植物研究中的应用(英文)

用合成的cry1Ac基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因 (GFP)构成融合蛋白基因 ,然后和改造的GNA基因构建双价抗虫基因植物表达载体pBGbfg ,经根癌农杆菌介导转化了烟草。在紫外灯照射下 ,观察到转基因植株叶片中有较强的绿色荧光 ;经抗虫试验、PCR、Southernblot和Westernblot等检测 ,表明该重组植物表达载体能够在转基因植物中有效表达外源基因 ,转基因植株绿色荧光的表型与其抗虫性密切相关。从而成功地建立了以绿色荧光蛋白基因与抗虫基因组成的融合基因转化系统 ,简化了抗虫转基因植物筛选程序 ,有助于快速获得双价抗虫转基因植株。     

绿色荧光蛋白基因（G卯）在抗虫转基因植物研究中的应用

用合成的crylAc基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)构成融合蛋白基因,然后和改造的GNA基因构建双价抗虫基因植物表达载体pBGbfg,经根癌农杆菌介导转化了烟草。在紫外灯照射下,观察到转基因植株叶片中有较强的绿色荧光;经抗虫试验、PCR、Southern blot和Western blot等检测,表明该重组植物表达载体能够在转基因植物中有效表达外源基因,转基因植株绿色荧光的表型与其抗虫性密切相关。从而成功地建立了以绿色荧光蛋白基因与抗虫基因组成的融合基因转化系统,简化了抗虫转基因植物筛选程序,有助于快速获得双价抗虫转基因植株。     

基因枪法向小麦导入几丁质酶基因的研究

利用基因枪法,以菜豆几丁质酶基因转化小麦幼胚愈伤组织。在轰击压力1300psi,轰击距离6cm、100μg金粉/枪和轰击距离9cm、150μg金粉/枪的2种处理条件下,获得4株春小麦东农7742转化植株,转化频率分别为0.36％和0.56％。经PCR和PCR-Southern杂交分析,证实菜豆几丁质酶基因已整合到T0和T1小麦基因组中。采用氨基葡萄糖法测定几丁质酶活力,结果表明,转基因小麦的几丁质酶活力明显高于对照株;转基因植株对白粉病症状减缓,并获得一株赤霉菌接种未扩展的转基因T1植株。     

双价抗虫基因叶绿体共转化植株抗虫性及其后代表型分析

利用基因枪法将含有水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂(Oryzacystatin,OC)基因烟草叶绿体表达载体和含有苏云金芽孢杆菌晶体毒蛋白基因(Bt cry IAc)烟草叶绿体表达载体,共转化烟草叶绿体,获得壮观霉素抗性植株。转基因植株抗棉铃虫试验表明,转双价抗虫基因植株比转单一抗虫基因植株具有更强的杀虫活性。转基因植株后代Southern检测及其遗传学分析试验证明,双价抗虫基因可以稳定地遗传给后代,且表现为叶绿体特有的母系遗传规律。 Abstract:The Bt gene and OC gene were cotransformed to tobacco chloroplast with particle bombardment method and spectinomycin resistance tobacco seedlings were obtained.Bioassays showed that the transgenic tobacco containing both genes had enhanced toxicity to the larvae of cotton bollworm (helicoverpa zea) by comparison with the plants containing only Bt or OC gene.Southern-blotting analysis and genetic analysis of progenies showed that the Bt and OC gene expressed and was inherited maternally to the progenies.     

In Planta visual monitoring of green fluorescent protein in transgenic rice plants

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is a widely used reporter that can be directly visualized in the living cells in both animals and plants. We inserted a synthetic gene (sgfp) encoding a modified form of the GFP into expression vector, Act1-sgfp for the direct expression of GFP which is easily detectable in rice plants. Green fluorescence emitted from GFP could be visualized in calli, dry seeds, roots and seedlings with green shoots of transgenic rice plants. In our visualization system with a charge-coupled device camera, band-pass filters and a light source, the presence of red chlorophyll autofluorescence from chloroplasts did not alter the green fluorescence of GFP. These results demonstrate that GFP could be used as a non-destructive visual selection marker for examining gene expression in transformed calli, dry seeds and young plants.     

Tobacco matrix attachment region sequence increased transgene expression levels in rice plants

In this study, six plasmids were constructed to study the effects of the tobacco Rb7 matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence on rice transgene expression. Among them, each of four plasmids contained two identical copies of the MAR sequence flanking two different reporter genes, which encode the green fluorescent protein and -glucuronidase. Two control plasmids contained no MAR sequences. Microprojectile bombardment was used to separately introduce these six plasmids into rice calli. Transgenic rice plants were regenerated, and gene expression was measured in rice leaf extracts of two-month-old transgenic plants. By comparing transgenic plants with the corresponding control plants, transgenic plants harboring each of four plasmids that included the MAR sequence resulted in average gene expression levels enhanced by 3.3-fold, 18-fold, 376-fold and 650-fold. These results suggest that the same MAR sequence can affect the expression of different genes to different extents. One goal of plant scientists and breeders is to maximize expression levels of transgenes, especially in the production of transgene-encoded protein. Therefore, inclusion of the Rb7 MAR sequence would be beneficial.     

Transgenic fertile japonica rice plants expressing a modified cryIA(b) gene resistant to yellow stem borer

The japonica rice variety Taipei 309 was cotransformed by particle bombardment of immature embryo-derived embryogenic calli with a modified δ-endotoxin gene cryIA(b) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) under the control of the rice Actin1 promoter, and the hygromycin resistance gene, hph driven by the CaMV35S promoter. Selected transgenic rice plants showed enhanced insecticidal activity against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), with mortality rates reaching up to 100% in a bioassay with cut stems. Introduction and expression of the Actin1 promoter-Bt gene into rice provides japonica rice germplasm resistant to insect attack. Received: 21 March 1997 / Revision received: 23 June 1997 / Accepted: 5 July 1997     

Comparison of Biolistic and Agrobacterium -mediated Transformation Methods on Transgene Copy Number and Rearrangement Frequency in Rice

Transferring foreign DNA into plant cells by biolistic and Agrobacterium -mediated methods may result in random integration of different copy numbers of the transgene, and different proportions of intact vs. rearranged copies of the transgene. This may, in turn, affect transgene expression levels. To test the above hypothesis, we first introduced the same plasmid, pAc1PG-CAM, into rice (BX)Oryza sativa L.) calli separately by the biolistic method and by the Agrobacterium -mediated method. To show whether different plasmids may affect the results, we also introduced pTOK233 by the Agrobacterium -mediated method and pJPM44 by the biolistic method. Transgene expression of R0 plants was monitored by histochemical analysis of GUS activity. Transgene copy number was determined by Southern blot analysis after digesting genomic DNA with an enzyme that has a unique cutting site within the input plasmid. The total genomic DNA was also digested by a two-cut enzyme (the cuts are located at two sides of a given transgene expression cassette), followed by Southern blotting analysis, for determining the number of intact transgene expression cassettes. Our data showed that Agrobacterium -mediated transformation resulted in lower transgene copy number (average between 2.1 and 2.3) in transgenic rice plants, compared with those plants obtained by the biolistic method (average between 4.2 and 5.6). The frequency of DNA rearrangement in expression cassettes is lower in transgenic rice plants obtained by the Agrobacterium -mediated method than those obtained by the biolistic method. The average rearrangement frequency is 0.07 to 0.106 for the Agrobacterium -mediated method, and 0.57 to 0.66 for the biolistic method. Our results suggest that it is better to compare the number of intact expression cassettes instead of the total copy number of the transgene in demonstrating their influence on the level of transgene expression. This is the first report on the frequency of expression cassette rearrangement in transgenic plants transformed with the same plasmid by two different transformation methods.     

Microprojectile bombardment-mediated transformation of Lilium longiflorum

We have obtained transgenic lily (Lilium longiflorum) plants after microprojectile bombardment, using the Biolistics PDS 1000/He system, of morphogenic calli derived from bulblet scales, followed by bialaphos selection. Parameters which gave the highest transient uidA expression were used: a bombardment pressure of 1100 psi, a target distance of 6 cm and a 48-h preculture on medium with 3% sucrose. A total of 1800 morphogenic calli were co-bombarded with plasmids containing either the uidA reporter or PAT selectable marker genes. After bombardment, the calli were exposed to 2 mg/l bialaphos. Only 72 of the shoot-forming calli (4%) survived. The 72 shoot clusters produced 342 shoots on elongation medium containing 0.5 mg/l bialaphos. Only 55 plantlets survived subsequent exposure to 2.0 mg/l bialaphos. PCR analysis indicated that 19 of these plantlets contained the PAT transgene. Southern analysis of 3 of the plants indicated that all contained the PAT gene. Received: 21 March 1997 / Revision received: 8 July 1997 / Accepted: 7 August 1997     

植物抗毒素转化水稻和转基因植株的生物鉴定

用基因枪法转化了水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）６个材料的未成熟胚、成熟胚及胚性愈伤组织。质粒ｐＳＳＶｓｔ１和ｐＶＥ５＋是由葡萄中分离出的编码芪类合成酶的植物抗毒素基因与３５Ｓ或它自己的启动子组成。Ｇ４１８（１００～１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）或潮霉素（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）筛选后,经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ或Ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ分析证明的转基因植株共５４株。对转基因植株及其后代进行了稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性鉴定。初步结果表明,芪类合成酶基因可以提高转基因植株及后代的抗性。     

Generation of low copy number and stably expressing transgenic creeping bentgrass plants using minimal gene cassette bombardment

A minimal gene cassette comprised of the ubiquitin (Ubi) promoter + green fluorescent protein (Gfp) gene + Nos terminator DNA sequences, derived from the plasmid vector pPZP201-Gfp was utilized for transformation of creeping bentgrass using particle bombardment. Bentgrass calli bombarded individually with equivalent amounts of the cassette or whole plasmid DNA were compared for Gfp expression and the GFP-positive calli were subsequently regenerated into plants. Percentage of GFP expressing calli and the number of GFP spots/calli were significantly higher in calli that were bombarded with the minimal gene cassette when compared to the whole plasmid. The Gfp expression was stable up to the T₂ generation in minimal gene cassette transformants and there was a lower degree of gene silencing. Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants derived from minimum gene cassette bombardment revealed the presence of single or few copy of the transgene and fairly simple integration patterns. In comparison, whole plasmid transformants had multiple copies and complex integration patterns of the transgene. These results illustrate the advantages of using simple gene cassette for stable plant transformation in bentgrass with possible applications to other plant species.     

Expression of Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein Gene in Transgenic Rice Plants

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is a pathogen of rice stripe disease causing great damage to rice. The disease is transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus and three other planthoppers. RSV infects as much as 37 cereals including rice, wheat, maize and results in a significant reduction in yield in epidemic year. In order to develop efficient means of controlling the disease, authors have studied the amino acid composition of RSV coat protein (CP), synthesized and cloned the cDNA to CP, sequenced the full-length CP gene. Having inserted the RSV CP gene into plant expression vector pROK Ⅱ, authors transformed rice suspension culture via microprojectile bombardment and obtained transgenic plants expressing the CP gene. The suspension culture was initiated by inoculating yellowish, compact and embryogenic calli derived from seeds into suspension medium containing proline and maltose. After being cultured at 26℃ in the dark for about half a year, finely-dispersed and embryogenic suspension culture was estabolished. Before bombardment the suspension culture was evently applied onto three-layered filter-paper discs in a petri dish. CaCl2 and spermidine was employed to coat tungsten particle with plasmid DNA. 2.5 μl of coated particle was loaded onto bullet and each dish was bombarded three times. Immediately after being bombarded, the suspensions were cultured in modified N6 medium. 2 days later the suspensions were transferred to the same medium but containing G418, which were subcultured weekly. Being subject to G418 selection for two months, white and fast-growing clones were emerged from the brownish cultures. Green plants regenerated when the resistant calli were transferred to differentiation medium. The regenerated plants were firm enough to grow well in the greenhouse. 10 plants regenerated from G418 resistant calli were tested for their transformed nature by Southern blot using 32P-labelled CP gene as a probe. Among the plants tested, 2 plants showed clearly hy bridizing bands with a molecular weight corresponding to RSV CP gene. Western blot further demonstrated that RSV CP gene was expressed in transgenic rice plants. At present tests on the antiviral effects of transgenic plants by feeding plantphoppers infccted with RSV are being underway.     

Subcellular targeting of green fluorescent protein to plastids in transgenic rice plants provides a high-level expression system

In order to develop a high-level expression system in transgenic rice, we inserted a synthetic gene (sgfp) encoding a modified form of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) into two expression vectors, Act1-sgfp for an untargeted and rbcS-Tp-sgfp for a chloroplast targeted expression. Several fertile transgenic rice plants were produced by the Agrobacterium-mediated method. Confocal microscopic analyses demonstrated that, in cells expressing the Act1-sgfp, GFP fluorescence was localized within the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm whereas, in cells expressing the rbcS-Tp-sgfp fusion gene, the fluorescence was specifically targeted to chloroplasts and non-green plastids. The levels of sgfp expression were about 0.5% of the total soluble protein in mature leaf tissues of the Act1-sgfp transformed lines. In contrast, expression levels were markedly increased in mature leaf tissues of the rbcS-Tp-sgfp transformed lines, yielding about 10% of the total soluble protein. N-terminal sequencing of the localized GFPs revealed that the Tp-GFP fusion protein was correctly processed during import to non-green plastids, as well as to chloroplasts. Thus, our results demonstrate that GFP can be produced at high levels and localized in specific subcellular spaces of transgenic plants, providing a high-level expression system for general use in rice, an agronomically important cereal.     

Transfer of Lysine-rich Protein Gene into Rice and Production of Fertile Transgenic Plants

Lysine-rich protein gene (lys) was cloned from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. A plant expression plasmid was constructed and lys gene was under the control of maize ubiquitin promoter which is the highest efficient monocotyledon promoter. The plasmid was introduced into rice embryogenic calli by microprojectile bombardment. The regenerated fertile plants were obtained by effective selection for hygromycin B resistance. Genomic PCR and Southern blotting analyses showed that the lys gene has been integrated into rice genome. Simultaneously, the results of GUS histochemical assay demonstrated the transgenic rice plants. Data analysis showed that lysine content in most of the 11 transgenic plants is differently improved, and in one of them increased by 16.04%.