吸附法提取分离水杉总黄酮的研究

研究了我国重要经济植物水杉总黄酮的提取工艺,实验证明用70％的乙醇渗漉提取水杉总黄酮的工艺是经济实用的。正交实验显示用吸附法分离水杉总黄酮的影响因素依次为吸附剂选择,洗脱剂乙醇浓度,吸附剂用量及洗脱剂乙醇用量。将D140树脂用于水杉总黄酮的分离,具有收率高、操作简单、成本低、环境污染小等优点,适用于工业化生产。     

康乃馨红色素的提取研究

研究了用树脂吸附和分离康乃馨红色素 ,比较了 4种树脂对康乃馨红色素的吸附。结果表明 ,四种树脂对康乃馨红色素的吸附效果均较好。本实验选用AB 8树脂作吸附剂。洗脱剂用 6 0 %的乙醇 ,洗脱效果好 ,产品杂质少 ,色价高 ,且使用 2 0次后其吸附性能稳定 ,所以选用AB 8树脂吸附康乃馨红色素     

利用大孔吸附树脂提取蜀葵花色素的研究

研究利用大孔树脂吸附和分离蜀葵(Althaearosea(L．)Cavan)花红色素,比较了D-072、D-401、D-301-G、D-101、NKA-9、D-290、D-110七种树脂对该色素的静态吸附情况以及不同极性解吸剂对吸附色素的树脂洗脱的效果,从中选择出吸附和解吸效果最佳的树脂以及较适的解吸剂。结果表明：用D-401大孔吸附树脂作吸附剂,色素吸附率达91％;解吸剂用含0．1％HCl的60％酸化乙醇,色素可被充分洗脱下来,解吸效果较好;树脂通过回收再生后可重复利用。大孔吸附树脂法精制蜀葵花色素工艺相对简单,原料、试剂利用率较高。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化银杏中种皮总黄酮

通过静态吸附、静态解吸及吸附动力学研究,对比分析了AB-8、DM-130、S-8等三种大孔吸附树脂对银杏中种皮提取液中总黄酮的分离纯化效果,并且考察和优化了AB-8和DM-130分离纯化银杏中种皮总黄酮的工艺条件.结果表明,弱极性树脂AB-8和DM-130的吸附率分别为87.72%和86.29%、解吸率为97.52%和92.20%,是性能良好的总黄酮吸附剂; 二种树脂的静态吸附曲线变化趋势一致,6 h左右达到吸附平衡,最佳吸附条件:吸附液pH=3.0,树脂用量:吸附液=1:20,吸附温度40 ℃,洗脱剂70%乙醇;动态解吸研究显示,7倍和9倍体积洗脱剂可分别将AB-8与DM-130树脂柱吸附的总黄酮基本洗脱.在优化的工艺条件下,AB-8大孔树脂纯化可使提取物中总黄酮含量达16.3%.     

桑椹中黄酮类物质的大孔树脂纯化工艺

以桑椹中黄酮类物质的吸附量和解吸率为指标,对比分析HZ-801、HZ-816、HZ-818等12种大孔吸附树脂对桑椹提取液的分离纯化效果,优选出最佳树脂HZ-801并通过对上样液pH、上样液质量浓度、上样量、吸附流速、洗脱剂质量浓度、洗脱剂用量、洗脱流速等影响因素的考察,确定最优工艺:吸附阶段上样液pH=4,上样液质量浓度0.45mg/mL,上样量420mL,吸附流速120mL/h,动态吸附量(干树脂)25.34mg/g,吸附率84.25%;洗脱阶段的洗脱剂体积分数为60%乙醇,洗脱剂用量270mL,洗脱流速120mL/h。此优化工艺条件下的洗脱率为85.78%,总黄酮纯度从23.64%提高到82.36%。     

魔芋葡苷聚糖(KGM)凝胶为亲和层析载体与 Sepharose 4B的比较研究Ⅱ.KGM染料亲和层析分离人血清白蛋白

将KGM和Sepharose 4B凝胶在相同条件下活化、偶联接上染料Cibacron Blue F3GA制成了KGM和Sepharose 4B染料亲和吸附剂,并用来与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作用,每毫升KGM亲和吸附剂可吸附BSA 28 mg,用NaSCN洗脱时回收为84.5%,而Sepharose 4B梁料亲和吸附剂每毫升可吸附BSA 15.3 mg,用NaSCN洗脱时回收为81.7%,并对两种凝胶的染料亲和吸附性能进行了比较.用KGM染料亲和吸附剂分离的人血清白蛋白与人血清白蛋白标准品有同样的纯度,都达到了电泳纯.     

活性炭色谱法分离纯化苯丙氨酸的研究

用１１种颗粒状活性炭进行从猪血盐酸水解液中吸附苯丙氨酸的实验,并用吸附量较大的活性炭进行了吸附和解吸条件的研究,包括静态、动态吸附情况的比较;各种不同洗脱剂洗脱性能以及静态、动态洗脱的比较。结果表明：８号颗粒状活性炭吸附容量大、易洗脱;静态吸附与动态洗脱相结合的分离效果优于其他方式。并用ＨＰＬＣ进行了纯化鉴定。方法简单,易于推广。     

离子交换法从生产胱氨酸废液中分离提取三种碱性氨基酸

本研究利用国产７３２阳离子交换树脂,从生产胱氨酸废液中提取了三种碱性氨基酸。通过实验确定了洗脱分离三种氨基酸：组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸的较适宜工艺条件,并根据平衡原理和色谱理论探讨了洗脱剂阴离子和ｐＨ值对洗脱分离的影响规律。有如下关系：设单位体积中离子交换树脂吸附总量为Ｑ,则：注＊：Ｋ＝ｐ／ｑｐ、ｑ分别为氨基酸在固定相（树脂）和流动相）（洗脱剂）中所占分数。注：ｎ（ｍａｘ）＝ｒ／ｑ：指洗脱出氨基酸最大浓度时洗脱剂用量。其中γ表示理论塔板数。由（４）式可看出,Ｅ值增大时ｎ（ｍａｘ）减小,即洗脱剂用量减少,由（３）式可知,ｐＨ值直接影响Ｅ值大小,不同ｐＨ条件下对Ｅ的影响如图１。由图１可知,Ｅ值随ｐＨ变化存在一个突跃阶段。恰当地调节ｐＨ值,可大幅度提高洗脱剂的洗脱能力,从而降低洗脱剂用量,降低成本;同时使洗脱后氨基酸与洗脱剂的分离更容易;另外不同的氨基酸由Ｅ值表现出的突跃阶段所对应的ｐＨ范围是不同的,因此可以利用洗脱剂ｐＨ值的改变选择性地洗脱某种特定的氨基酸,使性质类似的三种碱性氨基酸得以分离,由图２表示的实验结果证实了这一点。１．２．洗脱剂中阴离子对阳离子交换树脂洗脱的影响。当洗脱剂阴离子为弱酸根离子（以Ｓ－表示?     

生物法合成β-丙氨酸的分离纯化工艺研究

依据天冬氨酸和β-丙氨酸等电点的差异,采用静态吸附和动态吸附法,筛选适于分离β-丙氨酸的最佳树脂,并研究最佳树脂的吸附动力学和料液pH值、上样液流速,洗脱剂浓度等对β-丙氨酸分离的影响。结果表明:β-丙氨酸吸附的最佳树脂为HZ014,HZ014的静态吸附70 min达到动态平衡,吸附容量为72.92 g.kg-1,吸附率高于90%,最佳料液流速是2 ml.min-1,料液最佳pH为5.0,洗脱剂氨水浓度为4%。     

大孔吸附树脂对乳清分离蛋白酶解物的吸附特性研究

研究了大孔吸附树脂对乳清分离蛋白（WPI）酶解液的吸附特性。比较了6种大孔吸附树脂对WPI酶解物的静态吸附率与解吸附率。结果表明,DA201-C大孔吸附树脂最适合WPI酶解物的分离,其对WPI酶解液的动态吸附条件为：上样液浓度：10mg／mL;洗脱剂：75％乙醇溶液;洗脱剂流速：1BV／h。     

野葛离体培养生产异黄酮类化合物研究进展

野葛含有大量的异黄酮类化合物,其中葛根素是葛属植物特有药用成分。该文综述了野葛细胞和器官培养生产异黄酮类化合物的研究现状以及各种影响葛根素等异黄酮类化合物产生的因素,并评述葛根素的应用前景。     

葛藤雌雄蕊发育的研究

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对葛藤的雌雄蕊发育进行观察,结果表明：葛藤雌雄蕊的发育及结构基本上符合蝶形花科的胚胎学特征,其花粉粒为2－细胞型,胚囊发育为蓼型。     

Comparison of optimised isotherm models for basic dye adsorption by kudzu

This study assesses the use of dried (5% w/w moisture) kudzu (Peuraria lobata ohwi) as an adsorbent medium for the removal of two basic dyes, Basic Yellow 21 and Basic Red 22, from aqueous solutions. The extent of adsorption was measured through equilibrium sorption isotherms for the single component systems. Equilibrium was achieved after 21 days. The experimental isotherm data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin and Toth isotherm equations. A detailed error analysis was undertaken to investigate the effect of using different error criteria for the determination of the single component isotherm parameters. The performance of the kudzu was compared with an activated carbon (Chemviron F-400). Kudzu was found to be an effective adsorbent for basic dye colour removal; though its capacity for colour removal was not as high as an activated carbon, the potential appeared to exist to use it as an alternative to activated carbon where carbon cost was prohibitive.     

The application of kudzu as a medium for the adsorption of heavy metals from dilute aqueous wastestreams

This study assessed the use of kudzu (Pueraria lobata ohwi) as a medium for the capture of copper, cadmium, and zinc from low concentration solutions. The rate and extent of uptake was studied using a system of standardized batch adsorbers under steady-state and transient-rate conditions. All plant components were tested. Residual metals analyses were performed on an ICP-AES/OES (Optima 3000 DV). The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were determined; the Langmuir isotherm was found to best represent the data for copper and cadmium uptake. The Redlich-Peterson best represented the data for zinc. Kudzu was determined to be an effective adsorbent for removal of heavy metals. Though its capacity for metals removal is less than commercial grade ion exchange resins, it could be used at much lower cost, and may find application in the treatment of dilute mixed-matrix metal wastestreams, such as urban runoff, where the application of resins would be expensive and subject to premature poisoning by interfering contaminants.     

金钟藤和葛藤在干旱与复水条件下的生理比较

对外来入侵种金钟藤和本地种葛藤进行干旱胁迫和水分恢复处理,比较了两种植物抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。研究表明,干旱胁迫下两种植物SOD、CAT活性均高于复水后,金钟藤高于相同处理下的葛藤;金钟藤在干旱与复水条件下的MDA含量无差异,而葛藤干旱下高于复水后,不同处理下葛藤均高于金钟藤;干旱条件下金钟藤比葛藤有更强的抗氧化能力,膜脂过氧化水平明显较低,MDA与SOD、CAT呈明显的负相关。两种植物在复水后Fv/Fm、ETR与ΦPSⅡ值均显著高于干旱时,葛藤变化程度略大于金钟藤。复水后金钟藤的NPQ值增加而葛藤降低,且干旱时葛藤大于金钟藤,复水后金钟藤大于葛藤。综合比较,金钟藤比葛藤对干旱的生理适应能力强,这可能是其入侵性的重要特征。     

Isolation by distance across the Hawaiian Archipelago in the reef-building coral Porites lobata

There is an ongoing debate on the scale of pelagic larval dispersal in promoting connectivity among populations of shallow, benthic marine organisms. The linearly arranged Hawaiian Islands are uniquely suited to study scales of population connectivity and have been used extensively as a natural laboratory in terrestrial systems. Here, we focus on Hawaiian populations of the lobe coral Porites lobata, an ecosystem engineer of shallow reefs throughout the Pacific. Patterns of recent gene flow and population structure in P. lobata samples (n = 318) from two regions, the Hawaiian Islands (n = 10 sites) and from their nearest neighbour Johnston Atoll, were analysed with nine microsatellite loci. Despite its massive growth form, ～ 6% of the samples from both regions were the product of asexual reproduction via fragmentation. Cluster analysis and measures of genetic differentiation indicated that P. lobata from the Hawaiian Islands are strongly isolated from those on Johnston Atoll (F(ST) = 0.311; P < 0.001), with the descendants of recent migrants (n = 6) being clearly identifiable. Within the Hawaiian Islands, P. lobata conforms to a pattern of isolation by distance. Here, over 37% (P = 0.001) of the variation in genetic distance was explained by geographical distance. This pattern indicates that while the majority of ongoing gene flow in Hawaiian P. lobata occurs among geographically proximate reefs, inter-island distances are insufficient to generate strong population structure across the archipelago.     

葛根中总黄酮的提取条件优化及含量测定

采用乙醇浸提法对葛根黄酮提取工艺进行研究,考察了提取温度、时间、乙醇浓度及固液比对葛根黄酮收率的影响,通过正交试验确定了葛根黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件,并采用紫外分光光光度法,以葛根素标准溶液为标样,测定了葛根中总黄酮的含量。实验结果表明,提取温度为70℃,固液比控制在1∶20,乙醇体积分数为80%,提取120min,葛根黄酮得率高达3.3%。在葛根黄酮检测方法的方法学考察中,平均回收率为97.5%,标准差与变异系数均较小,表明该测定方法精密度高,重现性好,可作为检测葛根中总黄酮含量的一种有效手段。     

鄂西产三种野生葛总黄酮含量的紫外分光光度法测定

鄂西产三种野生葛总黄酮含量的紫外分光光度法测定李石生刘欣邓京振赵守训（中国药科大学天然药物化学教研室,南京２１００３８）Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｏｔａｌｆｌａｖｏｎｏｉｄｉｎ３ｗｉｌｄｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＰｕｅｒａｒｉａｆｒｏｍＷｅｓｔＨｕｂ...     

不同采集时间野葛不同部位总黄酮和葛根素含量比较

临床常用药材葛根来源于野葛（Pueraria lobata（Willd．）Ohwi]的干燥根,含有多种异黄酮化合物,市场需求量较大,资源比较紧张。过度无序的采挖不仅使其野生资源面临枯竭的危险,也造成了产地区域生态环境的破坏。有研究表明,野葛地上部位含有的成分与葛根基本相同。为寻求利用野葛地上藤茎部位替代葛根药用的可行性,作者用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分析了不同时间采集的野葛不同部位的总黄酮和葛根素含量,为进一步扩大和开发野葛的药用新资源提供参考依据。