医院不良事件全过程信息化管理探讨

目前大部分医院实施了信息化不良事件管理机制,但缺乏对不良事件上报的事前、事中和事后的全过程精细化管理。系统阐述了不良事件全过程信息化的管理过程,设计了不良事件综合信息系统,充分利用信息化技术并创新的推进医院不良事件管理工作。     

基于JCI标准的医院质量管理体系建设

质量管理体系构建是医院质量管理的核心,也是“以病人为中心”的各项制度有效落实的根基。从剖析质量管理系统存在的问题入手,按照JCI医院评审标准,建立了全员参与、职责分明的四级质量管理体系及一体化的责任流程和监控体系;完善了不良事件上报管理体系,塑造了质量安全至上、精细化管理的价值理念;通过推广SPEAK方针,引导和鼓励患者及家属参与到质量持续改进中来。     

针对性综合对策干预用于肿瘤病区护理可降低不良事件发生率

为了探讨肿瘤病区护理不良事件及其干预对策,本研究通过收集2016年1～12月我院肿瘤病区护理不良事件发生情况,制定针对性对策进行干预,观察干预后护理不良事件发生情况。本研究结果显示,2016年1～12月我院肿瘤病区上报护理不良事件59起,主要以意外拔管、医嘱处理错误和药物外渗为主,分别占38.98%、23.73%和16.95%;护理不良事件分级:0级共0起、Ⅰ级27起、Ⅱ级25起、Ⅲ级6起、Ⅳ级1起和Ⅴ级0起;护理工作年限<5年者中发生护理不良事件比例为33.33%,明显高于工作年限≥5年者(p<0.05);护士职称者中发生护理不良事件比例为30.88%,明显高于护师及以上职称者(p<0.05);护理不良事件时间分布中,13:00～18:00护理不良事件比例最高,达到45.76%,其次为7:00～12:00,达到28.81%;干预措施后,2017年护理不良事件发生率为0.52%,明显低于2016年(p<0.05)。通过上述分析,本研究根据肿瘤病区护理不良事件发生的原因,制定有针对性的综合对策进行干预,可有效降低护理不良事件的发生率,保障患者治疗安全。     

基于系统论的护理不良事件管理模式构建与探讨

目的 以贝塔朗菲系统论为依据,构建新的医院护理不良事件管理模式,杜绝或减少各类不良事件的发生,保证患者安全。方法 通过一线护士将临床工作中的安全隐患上报护理部,护理部与相关处室沟通,医院各处室管理层及时解决存在的问题。结果 通过扩大隐患事件上报范围,护理隐患事件上报率较未扩大前增加275.7%;同类护理隐患事件未再发生或明显减少。结论 “护理部首接,多职能科（处）合作”的不良事件管理模式,促进了医院服务效率与质量的提高,保障了患者的就医安全。     

手术室非惩罚性护理不良事件报告制度的建立

手术室护理不良事件发生率影响因素较多,建立非惩罚性护理不良事件报告制度是非常有效的控制不良事件的方法。通过在本院手术室建立非惩罚性护理不良事件报告制度,对上报的护理不良事件分析发生的根本原因并提出修正方案及预防措施,提升护理质量,完善护理流程及管理制度。     

实施药事精准化监管 切实保障医疗质量与安全

精准化管理作为一种行之有效的管理理念与模式,正在被逐步运用于医院管理领域。通过建立药事数据分析平台、利用信息化手段对关键流程进行控制、实施全流程药品质量无缝监管及药物不良反应上报流程标准化,对药事管理信息进行收集、统计、分析,对药学服务流程进行优化整合,并形成戴明环（PDCA循环）管理机制,切实保障医疗质量与安全。     

某二级医院住院病历中不良事件风险评估的应用与研究

目的:通过病历中发生的不良事件及其风险度来评价病历质量,目的为加强病历环节和细节的质控,减少或杜绝病历中不良事件的发生,提高病历书写质量,保证医疗安全,减少医疗纠纷。方法:随机抽查2007-2010年某二级医院住院病历4837份,对其进行不良事件风险评估,对病历的终末质量和环节质量进行综合评价分析,找出影响医疗质量的相关联因素。结果:通过对某二级医院2007-2010年随机抽查的终末病历和病房中运行病历的不良事件风险评估,数据经过统计学处理后P值<0.01,说明总的病历中不良事件发生率年度间逐年减少,有极为显著的差别,证明此种病历评价方法切实可行。结论:病历中不良事件风险评估,是减少病历中不良事件发生的有效办法,可以消除病历书写中存在的医患矛盾和医疗纠纷隐患。     

垂直管理模式应用于护士长绩效考核与分配的效果

目的探讨垂直管理模式下护士长绩效考核与分配的有效方法。方法选取我院2018年1～12月参与护理工作的护士长45人作为观察组,同时选取我院2017年1～12月参与护理工作的护士长45人作为对照组。观察组实施垂直管理模式下的绩效考核与分配方法,对照组实施医院统一的绩效考核与分配方法。评估并比较两组的科室质量管理、不良事件、护理台账管理、组织协调、护理教学科研绩效考核评分及全年平均分。结果观察组科室质量管理、不良事件、护理台账管理、组织协调、护理教学科研评分及全年平均分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论垂直管理模式应用于护士长绩效工资分配,有利于调动护士长积极性,保障了护理质量与安全。     

外科病区护理不良事件原因分析及对策

外科病区护理不良事件与护理质量、患者安全、护理管理等密切相关,已引起广泛关注。因此,分析不良事件产生的原因以及探讨其防范对策,对于护理工作具有重大意义。本研究选取本院外科病区2015年1月至2016年12月发生的68例护理不良事件进行分析,结果表明非计划拔管、跌倒/坠床、给药错误为高发事件;重症监护室、胸心外科、普外科为高发科室;观察不到位、评估不足、沟通不良为主要原因;白班、大夜班为发生不良事件的主要时段;低年资、低职称为主要涉事人员;未造成后果事件为主要事件。因此,护理不良事件的预防需要提高护士的专业服务能力,落实核心制度、合理配置护士人力资源,加强管理等措施减少护理不良事件的发生。     

中药房药品管理质控对策研究

目的探讨医院中药库药品管理现状并分析质控管理对策。方法通过改革前(2011年1月~2013年1月)和改革后(2013年2月~2015年2月)的对比研究,提出科学、有效的管理措施。结果改革管理前后药品不良事件比较,改革管理后,库存不足、药品丢失、药品过期与调配差错发生率显著低于改革管理前(均P0.05),质量评分显著提高(P0.05)。结论改革后管理措施有助于提高中药质量管理效果,减少药品不良事件,降低差错率,提高质量评分,值得应用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).