^60Co-γ和Ar^＋处理对小麦的诱变效应及POD同工酶分析

用60Co-γ射线和Ar 诱变小麦的干种子。结果表明,经60Co-γ辐射的8个品种(系)M1代,生育期延迟;7个品种(系)出苗率、成苗率、单株越冬蘖、单株最高蘖、单株产量均显著降低,但成穗率显著提高;千粒重5个品种(系)显著提高,3个品种(系)显著降低。M2代4个品种(系)发生株高、穗型、熟期、抗赤霉变异。经Ar 注入的8个品种(系)M1代,3个品种(系)处理的出苗率显著低于对照,处理的单株越冬蘖、单株最高蘖、株高、穗长、小穗数、千粒重均与对照差异不显著,成穗率3个品种(系)处理显著高于对照,1个品系显著低于对照,2个品种(系)的单株产量显著低于对照;M2代1个品系发现穗型、株高均变异的植株。60Co-γ射线和Ar 可诱发部分小麦品种M1代POD同工酶的表达量和酶谱变异,M3代部分变异株POD同工酶表达量和酶谱也发生了变化。     

N+离子注入对干旱胁迫条件下甘草幼苗的SOD酶和CAT酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

以低能氮离子束为诱变源,对甘草种进行注入处理后,以萌发的幼苗为材料对其在干旱胁迫条件下保护酶活性及MDA含量变化进行研究.结果表明注入后甘草种的存活率呈现马鞍形曲线变化,其中在4.1×1016N+/cm2剂量处达到鞍点,在剂量4.6×1016N+/cm2处存活率高于对照.在干旱胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的延长,离子束注入后萌发的幼苗MDA含量明显低于对照.酶活结果显示,在干旱胁迫后期,剂量4.6×1016N+/cm2处理后的甘草幼苗SOD和CAT酶活性都高于对照,说明该注入剂量处理甘草种有助于提高甘草幼苗的抗旱性能,SOD同工酶结果也证明该剂量的离子注入对干旱胁迫下同工酶谱带有所影响.     

氮离子注入彩棉种子引起M1代的变化

不同剂量低能氮离子注入彩色棉种子,发芽率随剂量增大呈现出马鞍形曲线;对M1代主要经济性状测定,铃重、衣分、马克隆值有明显变异,在12×1016 N+/cm2剂量下改良效果较好,但离子注入对纤维长度和纤维强度以负影响为主;处理组POD酶和CAT酶活性都较对照组增高.     

低能N~+离子束注入香瓜种子引起的变异及后代基因组的RAPD分析

用低能N+离子束对香瓜种子进行不同能量和剂量组合的处理。从各处理组与对照组当代和第三代苗期形态特征观察、考种中发现 :在一定能量和剂量组合下 ,处理组香瓜叶型和果肉厚度发生了明显的变化 ,这种形态学变化是可遗传的。应用随机引物扩增多态性DNA (RandomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA即RAPD)技术分析对照组和注入低能N+离子束处理组的香瓜总DNA的结果显示 :10 0种随机引物中的 2 4种引物扩增出 44条多态性片段 ,且其中一种引物所扩增的条带与叶型变化相连锁。表明低能N+注入香瓜种子可引起其基因组DNA发生变异 ,一定注入剂量和能量的组合 ,可导致特异性的变异。     

低能N^＋离子束注入香瓜种子引起的变异及后代基因组的RAPD分析

用低能N^ 离子束对香瓜种子进行不同能量和剂量组合的处理,从各处理组与对照组当代和第三代苗期形态特征观察,考种中发现：在一定能量和剂量组合下,处理组香瓜叶型和果肉厚度发生了明显的变化。这种形态学变化是可遗传的,应用随机引物扩增多态性DNA（Random amplified polymkorphicDNA即RAPD）技术分析对照组和注入低能N^ 离子束处理组的香瓜总DNA的结果显示：100种随机引物中的24种引物扩增出44条多态性片段,且其中一种引物所扩增的条带与叶型变化相连锁,表明低能N^ 注入香瓜种子可引起其基因组DNA发生变异,一定注入剂量和能量的组合,可导致特异性的变异。     

三倍体罗汉果及其亲本的同工酶比较研究

为了加快三倍体罗汉果育种的进程和效率,进一步提高其亲本选择性,该文对F1代3x罗汉果与其4x和2x亲本的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶和酯酶(EST)同工酶进行了比较。结果表明:F1代3x罗汉果与其4x和2x亲本的POD和EST同工酶均有一定差异,3x和4x的POD和EST同工酶不同迁移率的平均酶带数目较2x多,酶带活性也较强;4x的POD同工酶数目较3x的多,但EST同工酶两者差异较小;F1代3x罗汉果的同工酶均出现了与其4x和2x亲本不同的新酶带,预示着其可能具有的杂种优势;聚类分析结果显示,F1代3x罗汉果与其4x母本的遗传距离更近,并且当4x母本间亲缘遗传关系较近时,其F1代3x在亲缘遗传上也相聚较近,说明F1代3x在亲缘遗传上更倾向于其4x母本。由于三倍体罗汉果育种亲本间存在杂种优势,且更倾向于其母本遗传,因此通过该研究可以初步总结出三倍体罗汉果及其父本、母本的遗传规律,并提出罗汉果三倍体良种选育的建议,即在3x罗汉果育种时需要更加关注4x母本的优良性状表现,并以亲本的遗传背景为基础,选择遗传差异较为显著的父本和母本。     

氮离子束注入燕麦种子对M1-M2代幼苗生理生化指标的影响

采用能量为25keV的不同剂量(4×1016N /cm2、6×1016N /cm2、8×1016N /cm2、12×1016N /cm2)N 束注入燕麦种胚,研究了N 离子束注入后,燕麦M1代和M2代种子的发芽率,幼苗体内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。实验结果表明:以12×1016N /cm2剂量处理燕麦较合适,能提高燕麦M1和M2代种子的发芽率,幼苗POD、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量,有利于幼苗生长。     

离子注入对萝卜过氧化物酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶同工酶的影响

研究了氮离子和氩离子注入萝卜种子对萝卜幼苗蛋白含量、过氧化物酶活性及过氧化物酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶同工酶的影响。结果表明 :离子注入后 ,减低萝卜过氧化物酶活性和蛋白含量。萝卜不同生长时期同工酶变化不一样。在子叶时期 ,过氧化物酶同工酶谱带无明显变化 ,淀粉酶同工酶有酶带的消失 ;而在真叶时期 ,过氧化物酶在负极区减少一条酶带 ,Rf为 0 .2 2 ,正极区增加一条酶带 ,Rf为 0 .6 ,且随剂量增加 ,酶带着色增强 ;淀粉酶同工酶在注入剂量为 5× 10 5N+ / cm2 )时 ,有同工酶带增加 ,Rf为 0 .6 1。低剂量时蛋白酶活性增强 ,谱带增多 ,大剂量则减弱。因此 ,N+和 Ar+注入后 ,可影响萝卜过氧化物酶和淀粉酶的表达及蛋白质的合成或降解。     

欧李叶片过氧化物酶同工酶与叶果矿质元素含量变化的关系

以同一生境条件下113份燕山山脉野生欧李为试材,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,研究欧李叶片过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶与叶果中6种矿质元素的含量变化及其相关关系,为在酶水平上揭示欧李矿质营养代谢遗传差异提供理论参考。结果表明,欧李叶片过氧化物酶同工酶划分为7种酶谱类型,其中Rf 0.126和Rf 0.716酶带为共有的特征带,不同酶谱类型中单株个体间的相同酶带酶量大小以及叶果中的矿质元素含量存在明显差异,变异程度较大;相关分析结果显示,不同酶谱类型中相关酶带酶量大小与叶果中矿质元素含量变化存在显著或极显著的相关关系,表明欧李叶片过氧化物酶同工酶酶量大小变化在一定程度上反映矿质营养代谢的遗传差异和多样性。     

氮离子束注入对燕麦M1-M2代幼苗耐盐性的影响

采用能量为25keV的不同剂量(4×1016N /cm2、6×1016N /cm2、8×1016N /cm2、12×1016N /cm2)N 注入燕麦种胚,研究N 离子束注入后,盐胁迫对燕麦M1和M2代幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。实验结果表明:对M1代,以6×1016N /cm2剂量处理燕麦较合适,能提高燕麦受盐胁迫影响后幼苗SOD活性和可溶性糖含量。而对M2代,4×1016N /cm2处理剂量能降低MDA含量,提高可溶性糖含量,这都有利于盐胁迫后燕麦幼苗的生长。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.